Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid-Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines
Abstract
In the last 20 years, biodiesel consumption in the United States has swiftly increased to ~2 billion gallons per year as a renewable supplement to fossil fuel. However, further expansion of biodiesel use is currently limited in part by poor cold weather performance, which prevents year-round blending and necessitates blend walls ≤5% v/v. In order to provide a diesel fuel blendstock with improved cold weather performance (cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plug point), while at the same time maintaining other required fuel performance specifications, several biodiesel redox analogues were synthesized and tested. The best performing candidate fuels from this class showed improvement in the derived cetane number (29.3% shorter ignition delay), lower heating value (+4.7 MJ/kg), relative sooting tendency (–7.4 YSI/MJ), and cloud point (15 °C lower) when compared to a B100 biodiesel composed of an identical fatty acid profile. It was observed as a general trend that the reduced form of biodiesel, fatty alkyl ethers (FAEs), shows performance improvements in all fuel property metrics. The suite of improved properties provided by FAEs gives biodiesel producers the opportunity to diversify their portfolio of products derived from lipid and alcohol feedstocks to include long-chain alkyl ethers, a biodiesel alternativemore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1]
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office; USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Bioenergy Technologies Office; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1721596
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2020-12120J
Journal ID: ISSN 0887-0624; 691757
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Energy and Fuels
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 34; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 0887-0624
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 09 BIOMASS FUELS; Ethers; Lipids; Organic compounds; Fuels; Alkyls
Citation Formats
Carlson, Joseph S., Monroe, Eric A., Dhaoui, Rakia, Zhu, Junqing, McEnally, Charles S., Shinde, Somnath, Pfefferle, Lisa D., George, Anthe, and Davis, Ryan W. Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid-Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01898.
Carlson, Joseph S., Monroe, Eric A., Dhaoui, Rakia, Zhu, Junqing, McEnally, Charles S., Shinde, Somnath, Pfefferle, Lisa D., George, Anthe, & Davis, Ryan W. Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid-Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01898
Carlson, Joseph S., Monroe, Eric A., Dhaoui, Rakia, Zhu, Junqing, McEnally, Charles S., Shinde, Somnath, Pfefferle, Lisa D., George, Anthe, and Davis, Ryan W. Wed .
"Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid-Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01898. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1721596.
@article{osti_1721596,
title = {Biodiesel Ethers: Fatty Acid-Derived Alkyl Ether Fuels as Improved Bioblendstocks for Mixing-Controlled Compression Ignition Engines},
author = {Carlson, Joseph S. and Monroe, Eric A. and Dhaoui, Rakia and Zhu, Junqing and McEnally, Charles S. and Shinde, Somnath and Pfefferle, Lisa D. and George, Anthe and Davis, Ryan W.},
abstractNote = {In the last 20 years, biodiesel consumption in the United States has swiftly increased to ~2 billion gallons per year as a renewable supplement to fossil fuel. However, further expansion of biodiesel use is currently limited in part by poor cold weather performance, which prevents year-round blending and necessitates blend walls ≤5% v/v. In order to provide a diesel fuel blendstock with improved cold weather performance (cloud point, pour point, and cold filter plug point), while at the same time maintaining other required fuel performance specifications, several biodiesel redox analogues were synthesized and tested. The best performing candidate fuels from this class showed improvement in the derived cetane number (29.3% shorter ignition delay), lower heating value (+4.7 MJ/kg), relative sooting tendency (–7.4 YSI/MJ), and cloud point (15 °C lower) when compared to a B100 biodiesel composed of an identical fatty acid profile. It was observed as a general trend that the reduced form of biodiesel, fatty alkyl ethers (FAEs), shows performance improvements in all fuel property metrics. The suite of improved properties provided by FAEs gives biodiesel producers the opportunity to diversify their portfolio of products derived from lipid and alcohol feedstocks to include long-chain alkyl ethers, a biodiesel alternative with particular applicability for winter weather conditions across the US.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c01898},
journal = {Energy and Fuels},
number = 10,
volume = 34,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Sep 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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