Spatially dependent modeling and simulation of runaway electron mitigation in DIII-D
Abstract
New simulations with the Kinetic Orbit Runaway electron (RE) Code KORC show RE deconfinement losses to the wall during plasma scrape off are the primary current dissipation mechanism in DIII-D experiments with high-Z impurity injection, and not collisional slowing down. The majority of simulations also exhibit an increase in the RE beam energy due to acceleration by the induced toroidal electric field, even while the RE beam current is decreasing. In this study, KORC integrates RE orbits using the relativistic guiding center equations of motion, and incorporates time-sequenced, experimental reconstructions of the magnetic and electric fields and line integrated electron density to construct spatiotemporal models of electron and partially-ionized impurity transport in the companion plasma. Comparisons of experimental current evolution and KORC results demonstrate the importance of including Coulomb collisions with partially-ionized impurity physics, initial RE energy, pitch angle, and spatial distributions, and spatiotemporal electron and partially-ionized impurity transport. This research provides an initial quantification of the efficacy of RE mitigation via injected impurities, and identification of the critical role played by loss of confinement due to plasma scrape off on the inner wall as compared to the relatively slow collisional damping.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); General Atomics, San Diego, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1720242
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1737734; OSTI ID: 1970571
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; FC02-04ER54698; AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physics of Plasmas
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 27; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1070-664X
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
Citation Formats
Beidler, Matthew, Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego, Baylor, Larry, Shiraki, Daisuke, and Spong, Donald. Spatially dependent modeling and simulation of runaway electron mitigation in DIII-D. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1063/5.0022072.
Beidler, Matthew, Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego, Baylor, Larry, Shiraki, Daisuke, & Spong, Donald. Spatially dependent modeling and simulation of runaway electron mitigation in DIII-D. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022072
Beidler, Matthew, Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego, Baylor, Larry, Shiraki, Daisuke, and Spong, Donald. Wed .
"Spatially dependent modeling and simulation of runaway electron mitigation in DIII-D". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0022072. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1720242.
@article{osti_1720242,
title = {Spatially dependent modeling and simulation of runaway electron mitigation in DIII-D},
author = {Beidler, Matthew and Del-Castillo-Negrete, Diego and Baylor, Larry and Shiraki, Daisuke and Spong, Donald},
abstractNote = {New simulations with the Kinetic Orbit Runaway electron (RE) Code KORC show RE deconfinement losses to the wall during plasma scrape off are the primary current dissipation mechanism in DIII-D experiments with high-Z impurity injection, and not collisional slowing down. The majority of simulations also exhibit an increase in the RE beam energy due to acceleration by the induced toroidal electric field, even while the RE beam current is decreasing. In this study, KORC integrates RE orbits using the relativistic guiding center equations of motion, and incorporates time-sequenced, experimental reconstructions of the magnetic and electric fields and line integrated electron density to construct spatiotemporal models of electron and partially-ionized impurity transport in the companion plasma. Comparisons of experimental current evolution and KORC results demonstrate the importance of including Coulomb collisions with partially-ionized impurity physics, initial RE energy, pitch angle, and spatial distributions, and spatiotemporal electron and partially-ionized impurity transport. This research provides an initial quantification of the efficacy of RE mitigation via injected impurities, and identification of the critical role played by loss of confinement due to plasma scrape off on the inner wall as compared to the relatively slow collisional damping.},
doi = {10.1063/5.0022072},
journal = {Physics of Plasmas},
number = 11,
volume = 27,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Nov 18 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Wed Nov 18 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Simulations of the effects of pre-seeded magnetic islands on the generation of runaway current during disruption on J-TEXT
journal, June 2019
- Jiang, Z. H.; Huang, J.; Tong, R. H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 6
Equilibrium analysis of current profiles in tokamaks
journal, June 1990
- Lao, L. L.; Ferron, J. R.; Groebner, R. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 30, Issue 6
Study of argon assimilation into the post-disruption runaway electron plateau in DIII-D and comparison with a 1D diffusion model
journal, August 2019
- Hollmann, E. M.; Eidietis, N. W.; Herfindal, J. L.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 10
Hamiltonian theory of guiding-center motion
journal, May 2009
- Cary, John R.; Brizard, Alain J.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 2
Test particles dynamics in the JOREK 3D non-linear MHD code and application to electron transport in a disruption simulation
journal, December 2017
- Sommariva, C.; Nardon, E.; Beyer, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 1
Zur Theorie des Durchgangs schneller Korpuskularstrahlen durch Materie
journal, January 1930
- Bethe, H.
- Annalen der Physik, Vol. 397, Issue 3
Magnetic energy flows during the current quench and termination of disruptions with runaway current plateau formation in JET and implications for ITER
journal, May 2011
- Loarte, A.; Riccardo, V.; Martin-Solís, J. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 7
Control and dissipation of runaway electron beams created during rapid shutdown experiments in DIII-D
journal, July 2013
- Hollmann, E. M.; Austin, M. E.; Boedo, J. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 8
Relativistic limitations on runaway electrons
journal, June 1975
- Connor, J. W.; Hastie, R. J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 15, Issue 3
On the relativistic large-angle electron collision operator for runaway avalanches in plasmas
journal, January 2018
- Embréus, O.; Stahl, A.; Fülöp, T.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 1
Applying the new gamma ray imager diagnostic to measurements of runaway electron Bremsstrahlung radiation in the DIII-D Tokamak (invited)
journal, August 2016
- Cooper, C. M.; Pace, D. C.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 11
Effect of Partially Screened Nuclei on Fast-Electron Dynamics
journal, June 2017
- Hesslow, L.; Embréus, O.; Stahl, A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 25
Guiding-centre transformation of the radiation–reaction force in a non-uniform magnetic field
journal, July 2015
- Hirvijoki, E.; Decker, J.; Brizard, A. J.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 81, Issue 5
A variable order Runge-Kutta method for initial value problems with rapidly varying right-hand sides
journal, September 1990
- Cash, J. R.; Karp, Alan H.
- ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, Vol. 16, Issue 3
Measurement of runaway electron energy distribution function during high-Z gas injection into runaway electron plateaus in DIII-Da)
journal, May 2015
- Hollmann, E. M.; Parks, P. B.; Commaux, N.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 5
Shattered pellet injection technology design and characterization for disruption mitigation experiments
journal, April 2019
- Baylor, L. R.; Meitner, S. J.; Gebhart, T. E.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 6
Runaway electron transport in stochastic toroidal magnetic fields
journal, March 2020
- Carbajal, L.; del-Castillo-Negrete, D.; Martinell, J. J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 27, Issue 3
Runaway electron confinement modelling for rapid shutdown scenarios in DIII-D, Alcator C-Mod and ITER
journal, May 2011
- Izzo, V. A.; Hollmann, E. M.; James, A. N.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 6
Theory of runaway electrons in ITER: Equations, important parameters, and implications for mitigation
journal, March 2015
- Boozer, Allen H.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 3
Effect of applied toroidal electric field on the growth/decay of plateau-phase runaway electron currents in DIII-D
journal, September 2011
- Hollmann, E. M.; Parks, P. B.; Humphreys, D. A.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10
Disruptions in ITER and strategies for their control and mitigation
journal, August 2015
- Lehnen, M.; Aleynikova, K.; Aleynikov, P. B.
- Journal of Nuclear Materials, Vol. 463
Spatially distributed scintillator arrays for diagnosing runaway electron transport and energy behavior in tokamaks
journal, October 2010
- James, A. N.; Hollmann, E. M.; Tynan, G. R.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 81, Issue 10
Equation of State Calculations by Fast Computing Machines
journal, June 1953
- Metropolis, Nicholas; Rosenbluth, Arianna W.; Rosenbluth, Marshall N.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 21, Issue 6
Generalized collision operator for fast electrons interacting with partially ionized impurities
journal, November 2018
- Hesslow, L.; Embréus, O.; Hoppe, M.
- Journal of Plasma Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 6
On the inward drift of runaway electrons during the plateau phase of runaway current
journal, March 2016
- Hu, Di; Qin, Hong
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 23, Issue 3
Space dependent, full orbit effects on runaway electron dynamics in tokamak plasmas
journal, April 2017
- Carbajal, L.; del-Castillo-Negrete, D.; Spong, D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 4
Hamiltonian theory of adiabatic motion of relativistic charged particles
journal, September 2007
- Tao, Xin; Chan, Anthony A.; Brizard, Alain J.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 9
Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions
journal, June 2007
- Hender, T. C.; Wesley, J. C.; Bialek, J.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 47, Issue 6
Formation and termination of runaway beams in ITER disruptions
journal, April 2017
- Martín-Solís, J. R.; Loarte, A.; Lehnen, M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 6
Influence of massive material injection on avalanche runaway generation during tokamak disruptions
journal, June 2019
- Hesslow, L.; Embréus, O.; Vallhagen, O.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 8
Runaway electron losses caused by resonant magnetic perturbations in ITER
journal, July 2011
- Papp, G.; Drevlak, M.; Fülöp, T.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 9
Demonstration of rapid shutdown using large shattered deuterium pellet injection in DIII-D
journal, September 2010
- Commaux, N.; Baylor, L. R.; Jernigan, T. C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 50, Issue 11
Runaway electron beam generation and mitigation during disruptions at JET-ILW
journal, August 2015
- Reux, C.; Plyusnin, V.; Alper, B.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 55, Issue 9
Numerical simulation of runaway electrons: 3-D effects on synchrotron radiation and impurity-based runaway current dissipation
journal, May 2018
- del-Castillo-Negrete, D.; Carbajal, L.; Spong, D.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5
Efficiency of current drive by fast waves
journal, January 1985
- Karney, Charles F. F.; Fisch, Nathaniel J.
- Physics of Fluids, Vol. 28, Issue 1
Status of research toward the ITER disruption mitigation system
journal, November 2014
- Hollmann, E. M.; Aleynikov, P. B.; Fülöp, T.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 22, Issue 2
On the synchrotron emission in kinetic simulations of runaway electrons in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas
journal, October 2017
- Carbajal, L.; del-Castillo-Negrete, D.
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12
Control of post-disruption runaway electron beams in DIII-D
journal, May 2012
- Eidietis, N. W.; Commaux, N.; Hollmann, E. M.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 19, Issue 5
Runaway electron drift orbits in magnetostatic perturbed fields
journal, March 2011
- Papp, G.; Drevlak, M.; Fülöp, T.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 4
Spatial transport of runaway electrons in axisymmetric tokamak plasmas
journal, January 2019
- McDevitt, Christopher J.; Guo, Zehua; Tang, Xian-Zhu
- Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 2
Role of Bremsstrahlung Radiation in Limiting the Energy of Runaway Electrons in Tokamaks
journal, June 2005
- Bakhtiari, M.; Kramer, G. J.; Takechi, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 21
Inter-machine comparison of the termination phase and energy conversion in tokamak disruptions with runaway current plateau formation and implications for ITER
journal, July 2014
- Martín-Solís, J. R.; Loarte, A.; Hollmann, E. M.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 54, Issue 8
MARS-F modeling of post-disruption runaway beam loss by magnetohydrodynamic instabilities in DIII-D
journal, October 2019
- Liu, Y. Q.; Parks, P. B.; Paz-Soldan, C.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 59, Issue 12
Analytic modeling of axisymmetric disruption halo currents
journal, July 1999
- Humphreys, D. A.; Kellman, A. G.
- Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 6, Issue 7
On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection
journal, November 2016
- Nardon, E.; Fil, A.; Chauveau, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 1
Electron acceleration in a JET disruption simulation
journal, August 2018
- Sommariva, C.; Nardon, E.; Beyer, P.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 10
Effect of bremsstrahlung radiation emission on fast electrons in plasmas
journal, September 2016
- Embréus, O.; Stahl, A.; Fülöp, T.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 9
Dissipation of post-disruption runaway electron plateaus by shattered pellet injection in DIII-D
journal, March 2018
- Shiraki, D.; Commaux, N.; Baylor, L. R.
- Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5
Gamma ray imager on the DIII-D tokamak
journal, April 2016
- Pace, D. C.; Cooper, C. M.; Taussig, D.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 87, Issue 4