Detailed measurements of transient two-stage ignition and combustion processes in high-pressure spray flames using simultaneous high-speed formaldehyde PLIF and schlieren imaging
Abstract
This study investigates the low- and high-temperature ignition and combustion processes in a high-pressure spray flame of n-dodecane using simultaneous 50-kHz formaldehyde (HCHO) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and 100-kHz schlieren imaging. The PLIF measurements were facilitated through the use of a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser, producing a 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20-µs, in a 6-ms burst. The high-speed HCHO PLIF signal was imaged using a non-intensified CMOS camera with dynamic background emission correction. The acquisition rate of this HCHO PLIF diagnostic is unique to the research community, and when combined with high-speed schlieren imaging, provides unprecedented opportunity for analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of fuel jet penetration and low- and high-temperature ignition processes relevant to internal combustion engine conditions. The present experiments are conducted in the Sandia constant-volume preburn vessel equipped with a new Spray A injector. The influences of ambient conditions are examined on the ignition delay times of the two-stage ignition events, HCHO structures, and lift-off length values. Consistent with past studies of traditional Spray A flames, the formation of HCHO is first observed in the jet peripheries where the equivalence ratio (Φ) is expected to be leaner and hotter and then growsmore »
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1720207
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1870504
- Report Number(s):
- SAND2022-4993J
Journal ID: ISSN 1540-7489; S1540748920306878; PII: S1540748920306878
- Grant/Contract Number:
- NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Proceedings of the Combustion Institute Journal Volume: 38 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1540-7489
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; Spray combustion; Diesel combustion; High-speed formaldehyde PLIF; Schlieren imaging
Citation Formats
Sim, Hyung Sub, Maes, Noud, Weiss, Lukas, Pickett, Lyle M., and Skeen, Scott A. Detailed measurements of transient two-stage ignition and combustion processes in high-pressure spray flames using simultaneous high-speed formaldehyde PLIF and schlieren imaging. United States: N. p., 2021.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.026.
Sim, Hyung Sub, Maes, Noud, Weiss, Lukas, Pickett, Lyle M., & Skeen, Scott A. Detailed measurements of transient two-stage ignition and combustion processes in high-pressure spray flames using simultaneous high-speed formaldehyde PLIF and schlieren imaging. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.026
Sim, Hyung Sub, Maes, Noud, Weiss, Lukas, Pickett, Lyle M., and Skeen, Scott A. Fri .
"Detailed measurements of transient two-stage ignition and combustion processes in high-pressure spray flames using simultaneous high-speed formaldehyde PLIF and schlieren imaging". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.026.
@article{osti_1720207,
title = {Detailed measurements of transient two-stage ignition and combustion processes in high-pressure spray flames using simultaneous high-speed formaldehyde PLIF and schlieren imaging},
author = {Sim, Hyung Sub and Maes, Noud and Weiss, Lukas and Pickett, Lyle M. and Skeen, Scott A.},
abstractNote = {This study investigates the low- and high-temperature ignition and combustion processes in a high-pressure spray flame of n-dodecane using simultaneous 50-kHz formaldehyde (HCHO) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) and 100-kHz schlieren imaging. The PLIF measurements were facilitated through the use of a pulse-burst-mode Nd:YAG laser, producing a 355-nm pulse-train with 300 pulses at 70 mJ/pulse, separated by 20-µs, in a 6-ms burst. The high-speed HCHO PLIF signal was imaged using a non-intensified CMOS camera with dynamic background emission correction. The acquisition rate of this HCHO PLIF diagnostic is unique to the research community, and when combined with high-speed schlieren imaging, provides unprecedented opportunity for analysis of the spatiotemporal evolution of fuel jet penetration and low- and high-temperature ignition processes relevant to internal combustion engine conditions. The present experiments are conducted in the Sandia constant-volume preburn vessel equipped with a new Spray A injector. The influences of ambient conditions are examined on the ignition delay times of the two-stage ignition events, HCHO structures, and lift-off length values. Consistent with past studies of traditional Spray A flames, the formation of HCHO is first observed in the jet peripheries where the equivalence ratio (Φ) is expected to be leaner and hotter and then grows in size and in intensity downstream into the jet core where Φ is expected to be richer and colder. The measurements demonstrate that the formation and propagation of HCHO from the leaner to richer region leads to high-temperature ignition events, supporting the identification of a phenomenon coined “cool-flame wave propagation” during the transient ignition process. Subsequent high-temperature ignition is found to consume the previously formed HCHO in the jet head, while the formation of HCHO persists in the fuel-rich zone near the flame base over the entire combustion period.},
doi = {10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.026},
journal = {Proceedings of the Combustion Institute},
number = 4,
volume = 38,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2021},
month = {Fri Jan 01 00:00:00 EST 2021}
}
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.09.026
Works referenced in this record:
Combustion structure of free and wall-impinging diesel jets by simultaneous laser-induced fluorescence of formaldehyde, poly-aromatic hydrocarbons, and hydroxides
journal, June 2008
- Bruneaux, G.
- International Journal of Engine Research, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Visualization of Ignition Processes in High-Pressure Sprays with Multiple Injections of n-Dodecane
journal, January 2015
- Skeen, Scott; Manin, Julien; Pickett, Lyle M.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 8, Issue 2
Transient Flame Development in a Constant-Volume Vessel Using a Split-Scheme Injection Strategy
journal, March 2017
- Maes, Noud; Bakker, P. C.; Dam, Nico
- SAE International Journal of Fuels and Lubricants, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Entrainment Waves in Diesel Jets
journal, April 2009
- Musculus, Mark P. B.; Kattke, Kyle
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 2, Issue 1
Importance of turbulence-chemistry interactions at low temperature engine conditions
journal, September 2017
- Kundu, Prithwish; Ameen, Muhsin M.; Som, Sibendu
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 183
Characterization of Spray A flame structure for parametric variations in ECN constant-volume vessels using chemiluminescence and laser-induced fluorescence
journal, December 2016
- Maes, Noud; Meijer, Maarten; Dam, Nico
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 174
Diesel Spray Ignition Detection and Spatial/Temporal Correction
journal, January 2012
- Lillo, Peter M.; Pickett, Lyle M.; Persson, Helena
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Schlieren Methodology for the Analysis of Transient Diesel Flame Evolution
journal, May 2013
- Pastor, Jose V.; Payri, Raul; Garcia-Oliver, Jose M.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 6, Issue 3
Development and validation of an n-dodecane skeletal mechanism for spray combustion applications
journal, March 2014
- Luo, Zhaoyu; Som, Sibendu; Sarathy, S. Mani
- Combustion Theory and Modelling, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Relationship Between Ignition Processes and the Lift-Off Length of Diesel Fuel Jets
conference, October 2005
- Pickett, Lyle M.; Siebers, Dennis L.; Idicheria, Cherian A.
- Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference & Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Large eddy simulation of n-Dodecane spray combustion in a high pressure combustion vessel
journal, December 2014
- Gong, Cheng; Jangi, Mehdi; Bai, Xue-Song
- Applied Energy, Vol. 136
Understanding the ignition mechanism of high-pressure spray flames
journal, January 2017
- Dahms, Rainer N.; Paczko, Günter A.; Skeen, Scott A.
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 36, Issue 2
LES of a premixed jet flame DNS using a strained flamelet model
journal, December 2013
- Knudsen, Edward; Kolla, Hemanth; Hawkes, Evatt R.
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 160, Issue 12
Formaldehyde laser-induced fluorescence imaging with a multi-band transmission filter
journal, January 2014
- Thering, Hendrik; Beckmann, Lars; Jördens, Christian
- Optics Letters, Vol. 39, Issue 7
Experimental study of the stabilization mechanism of a lifted Diesel-type flame using combined optical diagnostics and laser-induced plasma ignition
journal, November 2018
- Tagliante, Fabien; Malbec, Louis-Marie; Bruneaux, Gilles
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 197
Diesel fuel jet lift-off stabilization in the presence of laser-induced plasma ignition
journal, January 2009
- Pickett, Lyle M.; Kook, Sanghoon; Persson, Helena
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 32, Issue 2
The potential of on- and off-resonant formaldehyde imaging combined with bootstrapping in diesel sprays
journal, August 2017
- Bakker, P. C.; Maes, Noud; Dam, Nico
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 182
Relationship Between Diesel Fuel Spray Vapor Penetration/Dispersion and Local Fuel Mixture Fraction
journal, April 2011
- Pickett, Lyle M.; Manin, Julien; Genzale, Caroline L.
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Experimental characterization of diesel ignition and lift-off length using a single-hole ECN injector
journal, September 2013
- Benajes, Jesús; Payri, Raúl; Bardi, Michele
- Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 58, Issue 1-2
Large-eddy simulation on the influence of injection pressure in reacting Spray A
journal, May 2018
- Kahila, Heikki; Wehrfritz, Armin; Kaario, Ossi
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 191
Comparison of Diesel Spray Combustion in Different High-Temperature, High-Pressure Facilities
journal, August 2010
- Pickett, Lyle M.; Genzale, Caroline L.; Bruneaux, Gilles
- SAE International Journal of Engines, Vol. 3, Issue 2
Simultaneous formaldehyde PLIF and high-speed schlieren imaging for ignition visualization in high-pressure spray flames
journal, January 2015
- Skeen, Scott A.; Manin, Julien; Pickett, Lyle M.
- Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol. 35, Issue 3
Formaldehyde Visualization Near Lift-off Location in a Diesel Jet
conference, October 2006
- Idicheria, Cherian A.; Pickett, Lyle M.
- Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference and Exhibition, SAE Technical Paper Series
Large eddy simulation of a reacting spray flame with multiple realizations under compression ignition engine conditions
journal, December 2015
- Pei, Yuanjiang; Som, Sibendu; Pomraning, Eric
- Combustion and Flame, Vol. 162, Issue 12
Two-stage autoignition and edge flames in a high pressure turbulent jet
journal, July 2017
- Krisman, Alex; Hawkes, Evatt R.; Chen, Jacqueline H.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 824