Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity
Abstract
Rechargeability and operational safety of commercial lithium (Li)-ion batteries demand further improvement. Plating of metallic Li on graphite anodes is a critical reason for Li-ion battery capacity decay and short circuit. It is generally believed that Li plating is caused by the slow kinetics of graphite intercalation, but in this paper, we demonstrate that thermodynamics also serves a crucial role. We show that a nonuniform temperature distribution within the battery can make local plating of Li above 0 V vs. Li 0 /Li + (room temperature) thermodynamically favorable. This phenomenon is caused by temperature-dependent shifts of the equilibrium potential of Li 0 /Li + . Supported by simulation results, we confirm the likelihood of this failure mechanism during commercial Li-ion battery operation, including both slow and fast charging conditions. This work furthers the understanding of nonuniform Li plating and will inspire future studies to prolong the cycling lifetime of Li-ion batteries.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1708947
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1768828
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; 34553
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 117 Journal Issue: 47; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; extreme fast charging; Li plating; temperature heterogeneity; equilibrium potential; thermodynamics
Citation Formats
Wang, Hansen, Zhu, Yangying, Kim, Sang Cheol, Pei, Allen, Li, Yanbin, Boyle, David T., Wang, Hongxia, Zhang, Zewen, Ye, Yusheng, Huang, William, Liu, Yayuan, Xu, Jinwei, Li, Jun, Liu, Fang, and Cui, Yi. Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.2009221117.
Wang, Hansen, Zhu, Yangying, Kim, Sang Cheol, Pei, Allen, Li, Yanbin, Boyle, David T., Wang, Hongxia, Zhang, Zewen, Ye, Yusheng, Huang, William, Liu, Yayuan, Xu, Jinwei, Li, Jun, Liu, Fang, & Cui, Yi. Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009221117
Wang, Hansen, Zhu, Yangying, Kim, Sang Cheol, Pei, Allen, Li, Yanbin, Boyle, David T., Wang, Hongxia, Zhang, Zewen, Ye, Yusheng, Huang, William, Liu, Yayuan, Xu, Jinwei, Li, Jun, Liu, Fang, and Cui, Yi. Mon .
"Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2009221117.
@article{osti_1708947,
title = {Underpotential lithium plating on graphite anodes caused by temperature heterogeneity},
author = {Wang, Hansen and Zhu, Yangying and Kim, Sang Cheol and Pei, Allen and Li, Yanbin and Boyle, David T. and Wang, Hongxia and Zhang, Zewen and Ye, Yusheng and Huang, William and Liu, Yayuan and Xu, Jinwei and Li, Jun and Liu, Fang and Cui, Yi},
abstractNote = {Rechargeability and operational safety of commercial lithium (Li)-ion batteries demand further improvement. Plating of metallic Li on graphite anodes is a critical reason for Li-ion battery capacity decay and short circuit. It is generally believed that Li plating is caused by the slow kinetics of graphite intercalation, but in this paper, we demonstrate that thermodynamics also serves a crucial role. We show that a nonuniform temperature distribution within the battery can make local plating of Li above 0 V vs. Li 0 /Li + (room temperature) thermodynamically favorable. This phenomenon is caused by temperature-dependent shifts of the equilibrium potential of Li 0 /Li + . Supported by simulation results, we confirm the likelihood of this failure mechanism during commercial Li-ion battery operation, including both slow and fast charging conditions. This work furthers the understanding of nonuniform Li plating and will inspire future studies to prolong the cycling lifetime of Li-ion batteries.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2009221117},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 47,
volume = 117,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Mon Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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