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Title: CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves

Journal Article · · Astrophys.J.
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+ Show Author Affiliations

CMB-S4—the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment—is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the universe. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semianalytic projection tool, targeted explicitly toward optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2–3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments, given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semianalytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for r > 0.003 at greater than 5σ, or in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of r < 0.001 at 95% CL.

Research Organization:
APC, Paris; Aalto U.; Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Arizona State U.; Ben Gurion U. of Negev; British Columbia U.; Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Brown U.; CCA, New York; Caltech; Caltech, JPL; Cambridge U., DAMTP; Cambridge U., Inst. of Astron.; Cambridge U., KICC; Canadian Inst. Theor. Astrophys.; Cardiff U.; Case Western Reserve U.; Chicago U.; Chicago U., KICP; Cincinnati U.; Colorado U.; Columbia U.; Cornell U.; Dartmouth Coll.; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Florida State U.; Geneva U., CAP; Groningen U.; Harvard U.; Harvard-Smithsonian Ctr. Astrophys.; Haverford Coll.; Hefei, CUST; IJCLab, Orsay; INFN, Trieste; IPhT, Saclay; Illinois U., Urbana; Jodrell Bank; Johns Hopkins U.; KEK, Tsukuba; Kyoto U.; LMU Munich (main); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Marseille, CPPM; McDonnell Ctr. Space Sci.; McGill U.; Melbourne U.; Michigan State U.; Michigan U.; Milan Bicocca U.; Milan U.; Minnesota U.; NASA, Goddard; NIST, Boulder; New Mexico U.; Oxford U.; Paris, Inst. Astrophys.; Penn State U.; Pennsylvania U.; Perimeter Inst. Theor. Phys.; Pittsburgh U.; Princeton U.; Princeton, Inst. Advanced Study; Rice U.; SISSA, Trieste; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); ST-ECF, Garching; Sao Paulo U.; Simon Fraser U.; Southern California U.; Southern Methodist U.; Stanford U., Phys. Dept.; Stockholm Observ.; Stony Brook U.; Stony Brook University, NY (United States); Sussex U., Astron. Ctr.; Syracuse U.; Syracuse Univ., NY (United States); Syracuse University, NY (United States); Texas U.; Tokyo U.; Tokyo U., IPMU; Toronto U., Astron. Dept.; Trieste U.; U. Amsterdam, GRAPPA; U. Toronto, Dunlap Inst. Astron. Astrophys.; UC, Berkeley; UC, Davis; UC, Irvine; UC, San Diego; UC, Santa Barbara; UCLA; Virginia U.; Washington U., St. Louis; Wisconsin U., Madison; Yale U.
Sponsoring Organization:
National Science Foundation (NSF); US Department of Energy; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
Contributing Organization:
CMB-S4 Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC02-06CH11357; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; FG02-95ER40899; SC0018298; SC0020441
OSTI ID:
1682286
Report Number(s):
DOE-SYR--0899-1; FERMILAB-PUB-20-468-AE-SCD; oai:inspirehep.net:1813863; arXiv:2008.12619
Journal Information:
Astrophys.J., Journal Name: Astrophys.J. Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 926
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
: cosmic background radiation — cosmological parameters — gravitational waves — cosmic inflation
cosmic background radiation
cosmic inflation
cosmological parameters
gravitational waves