River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor
Abstract
Abstract Transit time distributions (TTDs) exert important controls on biogeochemical processes in watershed systems. TTDs are often assumed to follow time‐invariant exponential, lognormal, or heavy‐tailed power law distributions in headwater or low‐order streams. However, under dynamic hydrological forcing, transit time could exhibit more complex distribution patterns with strong spatial and temporal variability. In this study, we used a numerical particle tracking approach to characterize TTDs along the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River under the influences of river stage fluctuations and evaluate the associated effects on biogeochemical reaction potentials within the river corridor. Particle tracking was conducted using velocity fields simulated by high‐resolution three‐dimensional groundwater flow models that capture both the river stage fluctuations and physical heterogeneity. Our results revealed that multifrequency flow variations led to multimodal TTDs that varied in time and space. Such characteristics can only be captured by multiyear numerical simulations supported by multiyear field monitoring. Dam‐induced high‐frequency (subweekly) flow variations increased additional hydrologic exchange flows with short (subweekly) transit times, which accounted for up to 44% of reactant consumption in the river corridor along the Hanford Reach. The dam‐induced river stage fluctuations have more significant impacts on faster biogeochemical reactions because they cause a larger fractionmore »
- Authors:
-
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Vanderbilt Univ., Nashville, TN (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1677641
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1786875
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-146640
Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1397
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830; AC02-05CH11231; DE‐AC05‐76RL01830; DE‐AC02‐05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Water Resources Research
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 56; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0043-1397
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; residence time distributions; transit time distributions; hydrological exchange zone; hydropeaking; biogeochemical reaction; dam operation; surface water‐groundwater interactions
Citation Formats
Song, Xuehang, Chen, Xingyuan, Zachara, John M., Gomez‐Velez, Jesus D., Shuai, Pin, Ren, Huiying, and Hammond, Glenn E. River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1029/2019wr026470.
Song, Xuehang, Chen, Xingyuan, Zachara, John M., Gomez‐Velez, Jesus D., Shuai, Pin, Ren, Huiying, & Hammond, Glenn E. River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor. United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026470
Song, Xuehang, Chen, Xingyuan, Zachara, John M., Gomez‐Velez, Jesus D., Shuai, Pin, Ren, Huiying, and Hammond, Glenn E. Mon .
"River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor". United States. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019wr026470. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1677641.
@article{osti_1677641,
title = {River Dynamics Control Transit Time Distributions and Biogeochemical Reactions in a Dam-Regulated River Corridor},
author = {Song, Xuehang and Chen, Xingyuan and Zachara, John M. and Gomez‐Velez, Jesus D. and Shuai, Pin and Ren, Huiying and Hammond, Glenn E.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Transit time distributions (TTDs) exert important controls on biogeochemical processes in watershed systems. TTDs are often assumed to follow time‐invariant exponential, lognormal, or heavy‐tailed power law distributions in headwater or low‐order streams. However, under dynamic hydrological forcing, transit time could exhibit more complex distribution patterns with strong spatial and temporal variability. In this study, we used a numerical particle tracking approach to characterize TTDs along the Hanford Reach of the Columbia River under the influences of river stage fluctuations and evaluate the associated effects on biogeochemical reaction potentials within the river corridor. Particle tracking was conducted using velocity fields simulated by high‐resolution three‐dimensional groundwater flow models that capture both the river stage fluctuations and physical heterogeneity. Our results revealed that multifrequency flow variations led to multimodal TTDs that varied in time and space. Such characteristics can only be captured by multiyear numerical simulations supported by multiyear field monitoring. Dam‐induced high‐frequency (subweekly) flow variations increased additional hydrologic exchange flows with short (subweekly) transit times, which accounted for up to 44% of reactant consumption in the river corridor along the Hanford Reach. The dam‐induced river stage fluctuations have more significant impacts on faster biogeochemical reactions because they cause a larger fraction of shorter transit times. Numerical particle tracking provides an efficient alternative for characterizing TTDs for large complex systems where in situ field experiments are not feasible. Such a numerical approach is thus essential for improving large‐scale biogeochemical modeling from watersheds to basins.},
doi = {10.1029/2019wr026470},
journal = {Water Resources Research},
number = 9,
volume = 56,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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