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Title: Beam gap transient analysis and mitigations in high-current storage rings for an electron-ion collider

Abstract

The U.S. electron ion collider will utilize high current electron and ion storage rings with many bunches and large rf systems. Because of the dissimilarity of the two rings, the rf transients created by gaps or variations in the current distributions will be very different in the two rings. These transients cause a shift in the synchronous phase of the beams as a function of rf bucket position, can impact the luminosity through shifts in longitudinal position of the IP, will affect the performance of the rf and LLRF control loops, and may require significant rf power overhead to control. A machine design that uses superconducting crab cavities will also have sensitivity to gap transients and synchronous phase variations along the bunch train with variations in crab cavity voltage seen by each bunch, since the high Q of the crab cavities precludes modulating them to compensate for the time of arrival shifts caused by the gap transients in the main rf systems. All these effects make the problem of managing gap transients crucial to the operation of the EIC. This work presents methods to study the dynamics of the rf and LLRF systems for these heavily beam loaded facilities. Anmore » illustrative machine design example is presented and used to investigate the expected magnitudes of the rf gap transients, and exploration of various possible remedies to match the gap transients in the two dissimilar EIC rings. In addition to the study of the power required and gap transients, this work also estimates longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities due to the baseline cavity fundamental impedance. The work is motivated to emphasize the importance of tools and methods to estimate these effects as part of the early design phase of the Electron-Ion Collider or any high current storage ring design.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ORCiD logo; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
California Polytechnic State Univ. (CalPoly), San Luis Obispo, CA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1671860
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1672145; OSTI ID: 1716722
Report Number(s):
JLAB-ACC-20-3286; DOE/OR/23177-5080
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888; PRABCJ; 101601
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0019287; AC05-06OR23177
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Volume: 23 Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
43 PARTICLE ACCELERATORS; Beam dynamics; Beam instabilities; Accelerator control systems; Electron-ion collider; Radio frequency techniques; Accelerator/storage ring control systems

Citation Formats

Mastoridis, T., Fox, J. D., Guo, J., Rimmer, R. A., and Wang, H.. Beam gap transient analysis and mitigations in high-current storage rings for an electron-ion collider. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.101601.
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Mastoridis, T., Fox, J. D., Guo, J., Rimmer, R. A., & Wang, H.. Beam gap transient analysis and mitigations in high-current storage rings for an electron-ion collider. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.101601
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Mastoridis, T., Fox, J. D., Guo, J., Rimmer, R. A., and Wang, H.. Mon . "Beam gap transient analysis and mitigations in high-current storage rings for an electron-ion collider". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.101601.
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@article{osti_1671860,
title = {Beam gap transient analysis and mitigations in high-current storage rings for an electron-ion collider},
author = {Mastoridis, T. and Fox, J. D. and Guo, J. and Rimmer, R. A. and Wang, H.},
abstractNote = {The U.S. electron ion collider will utilize high current electron and ion storage rings with many bunches and large rf systems. Because of the dissimilarity of the two rings, the rf transients created by gaps or variations in the current distributions will be very different in the two rings. These transients cause a shift in the synchronous phase of the beams as a function of rf bucket position, can impact the luminosity through shifts in longitudinal position of the IP, will affect the performance of the rf and LLRF control loops, and may require significant rf power overhead to control. A machine design that uses superconducting crab cavities will also have sensitivity to gap transients and synchronous phase variations along the bunch train with variations in crab cavity voltage seen by each bunch, since the high Q of the crab cavities precludes modulating them to compensate for the time of arrival shifts caused by the gap transients in the main rf systems. All these effects make the problem of managing gap transients crucial to the operation of the EIC. This work presents methods to study the dynamics of the rf and LLRF systems for these heavily beam loaded facilities. An illustrative machine design example is presented and used to investigate the expected magnitudes of the rf gap transients, and exploration of various possible remedies to match the gap transients in the two dissimilar EIC rings. In addition to the study of the power required and gap transients, this work also estimates longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities due to the baseline cavity fundamental impedance. The work is motivated to emphasize the importance of tools and methods to estimate these effects as part of the early design phase of the Electron-Ion Collider or any high current storage ring design.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.101601},
journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams},
number = 10,
volume = 23,
place = {United States},
year = {2020},
month = {10}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.23.101601
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Figures / Tables:

TABLE I TABLE I: Example ring and rf system parameters used in this study.
All figures and tables (28 total)
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Works referenced in this record:

Luminosity reduction caused by phase modulations at the HL-LHC crab cavities
journal, November 2018

  • Yamakawa, E.; Apsimon, R.; Baudrenghien, P.
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 908
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2018.08.074

RF system models for the CERN Large Hadron Collider with application to longitudinal dynamics
journal, October 2010

  • Mastorides, T.; Rivetta, C.; Fox, J. D.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 13, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.102801

Beam Loading Effects in the CERN PS Booster
journal, January 1975

Advanced damper system with a flexible and fine-tunable filter for longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities caused by the accelerating mode in SuperKEKB
journal, February 2020

  • Hirosawa, Kouki; Akai, Kazunori; Ezura, Eizi
  • Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, Vol. 953
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2019.163007

Cavity voltage phase modulation to reduce the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider rf power requirements
journal, October 2017

Lessons learned from positron-electron project low level rf and longitudinal feedback
journal, May 2010

  • Fox, J.; Mastorides, T.; Rivetta, C.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 13, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.13.052802

The SPS Tests of the HL-LHC Crab Cavities
text, January 2018

Analysis of longitudinal beam dynamics behavior and rf system operative limits at high-beam currents in storage rings
journal, June 2008

  • Mastorides, T.; Rivetta, C.; Fox, J. D.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 11, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.11.062802

Transient beam loading and rf power evaluation for future circular colliders
journal, August 2019

Fundamental cavity impedance and longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider
journal, January 2017

Curing Coupled-Bunch Instabilities with Uneven Fills
journal, March 2001

Control of Cavities with High Beam Loading
journal, January 1985

Transient beam loading effects in harmonic rf systems for light sources
journal, September 2002

  • Byrd, J. M.; De Santis, S.; Jacob, J.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 5, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.5.092001

Modeling and simulation of longitudinal dynamics for Low Energy Ring–High Energy Ring at the Positron-Electron Project
journal, February 2007

  • Rivetta, C.; Mastorides, T.; Fox, J. D.
  • Physical Review Special Topics - Accelerators and Beams, Vol. 10, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevSTAB.10.022801

Selecting rf amplifiers for impedance controlled LLRF systems - nonlinear effects and system implications
conference, June 2007

  • Fox, John D.; Mastorides, Themis; Rivetta, Claudio Hector
  • 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)
  • DOI: 10.1109/PAC.2007.4441280
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    Figures / Tables found in this record:

    TABLE I (p. 2)table
    FIG. 1 (p. 3)figure
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    FIG. 12 (p. 6)figure
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    TABLE II (p. 6)table
    FIG. 14 (p. 7)figure
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    FIG. 24 (p. 14)figure
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    FIG. 26 (p. 14)figure
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