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Title: Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water

Abstract

The possible existence of a metastable liquid–liquid transition (LLT) and a corresponding liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP) in supercooled liquid water remains a topic of much debate. An LLT has been rigorously proved in three empirically parametrized molecular models of water, and evidence consistent with an LLT has been reported for several other such models. In contrast, experimental proof of this phenomenon has been elusive due to rapid ice nucleation under deeply supercooled conditions. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT), machine learning, and molecular simulations to shed additional light on the possible existence of an LLT in water. We trained a deep neural network (DNN) model to represent the ab initio potential energy surface of water from DFT calculations using the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. We then used advanced sampling simulations in the multithermal–multibaric ensemble to efficiently explore the thermophysical properties of the DNN model. The simulation results are consistent with the existence of an LLCP, although they do not constitute a rigorous proof thereof. We fit the simulation data to a two-state equation of state to provide an estimate of the LLCP’s location. These combined results—obtained from a purely first-principles approach with no empiricalmore » parameters—are strongly suggestive of the existence of an LLT, bolstering the hypothesis that water can separate into two distinct liquid forms.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [5]
  1. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,
  2. Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,
  3. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,, Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,
  4. Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
  5. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1670208
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1853194; OSTI ID: 1999129
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC001934; SC0019394
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Journal Volume: 117 Journal Issue: 42; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
Publisher:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 97 MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTING; 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Science & Technology - Other Topics; water; liquid–liquid transition; molecular simulations; machine learning

Citation Formats

Gartner, III, Thomas E., Zhang, Linfeng, Piaggi, Pablo M., Car, Roberto, Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z., and Debenedetti, Pablo G. Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.2015440117.
Gartner, III, Thomas E., Zhang, Linfeng, Piaggi, Pablo M., Car, Roberto, Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z., & Debenedetti, Pablo G. Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015440117
Gartner, III, Thomas E., Zhang, Linfeng, Piaggi, Pablo M., Car, Roberto, Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z., and Debenedetti, Pablo G. Fri . "Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015440117.
@article{osti_1670208,
title = {Signatures of a liquid–liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water},
author = {Gartner, III, Thomas E. and Zhang, Linfeng and Piaggi, Pablo M. and Car, Roberto and Panagiotopoulos, Athanassios Z. and Debenedetti, Pablo G.},
abstractNote = {The possible existence of a metastable liquid–liquid transition (LLT) and a corresponding liquid–liquid critical point (LLCP) in supercooled liquid water remains a topic of much debate. An LLT has been rigorously proved in three empirically parametrized molecular models of water, and evidence consistent with an LLT has been reported for several other such models. In contrast, experimental proof of this phenomenon has been elusive due to rapid ice nucleation under deeply supercooled conditions. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT), machine learning, and molecular simulations to shed additional light on the possible existence of an LLT in water. We trained a deep neural network (DNN) model to represent the ab initio potential energy surface of water from DFT calculations using the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. We then used advanced sampling simulations in the multithermal–multibaric ensemble to efficiently explore the thermophysical properties of the DNN model. The simulation results are consistent with the existence of an LLCP, although they do not constitute a rigorous proof thereof. We fit the simulation data to a two-state equation of state to provide an estimate of the LLCP’s location. These combined results—obtained from a purely first-principles approach with no empirical parameters—are strongly suggestive of the existence of an LLT, bolstering the hypothesis that water can separate into two distinct liquid forms.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2015440117},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 42,
volume = 117,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Fri Oct 02 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

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https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015440117

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