Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei

Cao, Yuchen; Agbemava, S. E.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Nazarewicz, W.; Olsen, E.

doi:10.1103/physrevc.102.024311

Title: Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei

Abstract

The phenomenon of reflection-asymmetric nuclear shapes is relevant to nuclear stability, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear decays and fission, and the search for new physics beyond the standard model. Global surveys of ground-state octupole deformation, performed with a limited number of models, suggest that the number of pear-shaped isotopes is fairly limited across the nuclear landscape. Here, we carry out a global analysis of ground-state octupole deformations for particle-bound even-even nuclei with Z ≤ 110 and N ≤ 210 using nuclear density functional theory (DFT) with several nonrelativistic and covariant energy density functionals. In this way, we can identify the best candidates for reflection-asymmetric shapes. The calculations are performed in the frameworks of axial reflection-asymmetric Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory and relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory using DFT solvers employing harmonic oscillator basis expansion. We consider five Skyrme and four covariant energy density functionals. We predict several regions of ground-state octupole deformation. In addition to the “traditional” regions of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei around ²²⁴Ra and neutron-rich lanthanides around ¹⁴⁶Ba, we identified vast regions of reflection-asymmetric shapes in very neutron-rich nuclei around ²⁰⁰Gd and ²⁸⁸Pu, as well as in several nuclei around ¹¹²Ba. Our analysis suggests several promising candidates with stable ground-state octupole deformation, primarily in the neutron-deficientmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Afanasjev, A. V. ^[2];

^[1];

^[3]

Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States)
Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS (United States)
Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (Belgium)

Publication Date:: Mon Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: Mississippi State Univ., Starkville, MS (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1669900

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013037; NA0003885; NA0002925; SC0015376; SC0013365

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review. C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 102; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Collective levels; Nuclear binding; Nuclear density functional theory; Nuclear structure & decays; Rare & new isotopes

Citation Formats


                    Cao, Yuchen, Agbemava, S. E., Afanasjev, A. V., Nazarewicz, W., and Olsen, E. Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/physrevc.102.024311.

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                    Cao, Yuchen, Agbemava, S. E., Afanasjev, A. V., Nazarewicz, W., & Olsen, E. Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.102.024311

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                    Cao, Yuchen, Agbemava, S. E., Afanasjev, A. V., Nazarewicz, W., and Olsen, E. Mon .  
"Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.102.024311.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1669900.

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@article{osti_1669900,

  title        = {Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei},

  author       = {Cao, Yuchen and Agbemava, S. E. and Afanasjev, A. V. and Nazarewicz, W. and Olsen, E.},

  abstractNote = {The phenomenon of reflection-asymmetric nuclear shapes is relevant to nuclear stability, nuclear spectroscopy, nuclear decays and fission, and the search for new physics beyond the standard model. Global surveys of ground-state octupole deformation, performed with a limited number of models, suggest that the number of pear-shaped isotopes is fairly limited across the nuclear landscape. Here, we carry out a global analysis of ground-state octupole deformations for particle-bound even-even nuclei with Z ≤ 110 and N ≤ 210 using nuclear density functional theory (DFT) with several nonrelativistic and covariant energy density functionals. In this way, we can identify the best candidates for reflection-asymmetric shapes. The calculations are performed in the frameworks of axial reflection-asymmetric Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory and relativistic Hartree-Bogoliubov theory using DFT solvers employing harmonic oscillator basis expansion. We consider five Skyrme and four covariant energy density functionals. We predict several regions of ground-state octupole deformation. In addition to the “traditional” regions of neutron-deficient actinide nuclei around 224Ra and neutron-rich lanthanides around 146Ba, we identified vast regions of reflection-asymmetric shapes in very neutron-rich nuclei around 200Gd and 288Pu, as well as in several nuclei around 112Ba. Our analysis suggests several promising candidates with stable ground-state octupole deformation, primarily in the neutron-deficient actinide region, that can be reached experimentally. Detailed comparison between Skyrme and covariant models is performed. Octupole shapes predicted in this study are consistent with the current experimental information. This work can serve as the starting point of a systematic search for parity doublets in odd-mass and odd-odd nuclei, which will be of interest in the context of new physics searches.},

  doi          = {10.1103/physrevc.102.024311},

  journal      = {Physical Review. C},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 102,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Mon Aug 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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journal, December 2015

Lippuner, Jonas; Roberts, Luke F.
The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 815, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/82

Central depression in nuclear density and its consequences for the shell structure of superheavy nuclei
journal, February 2005

Afanasjev, A. V.; Frauendorf, S.
Physical Review C, Vol. 71, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.024308

Quadrupole and octupole collectivity in 148Nd
journal, June 1997

Ibbotson, R. W.; White, C. A.; Czosnyka, T.
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 619, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)00145-0

Octupolly deformed nuclei near 112Ba
journal, March 1990

Skalski, J.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 238, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(90)92090-6

High-spin octupole correlations in the N = 86, 146Nd and 148Sm nuclei
journal, April 1991

Urban, W.; Lieder, R. M.; Bacelar, J. C.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 258, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(91)91088-d

The effective force NL3 revisited
journal, January 2009

Lalazissis, G. A.; Karatzikos, S.; Fossion, R.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 671, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.11.070

Relativistic Hartree?Bogoliubov theory: static and dynamic aspects of exotic nuclear structure
journal, April 2005

Vretenar, D.; Afanasjev, A.; Lalazissis, G.
Physics Reports, Vol. 409, Issue 3-4
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The limits of the nuclear landscape
journal, June 2012

Erler, Jochen; Birge, Noah; Kortelainen, Markus
Nature, Vol. 486, Issue 7404
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The limits of nuclear mass and charge
journal, June 2018

Nazarewicz, Witold
Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 6
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Influence of shell effects and stable octupole deformation on the E 1 and E 2 transition rates in the heavy-Ba region
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Mach, H.; Nazarewicz, W.; Kusnezov, D.
Physical Review C, Vol. 41, Issue 6
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Evidence for enhanced electric dipole excitations in deformed rare earth nuclei near 2.5 MeV
journal, March 1992

Friedrichs, H.; Schlitt, B.; Margraf, J.
Physical Review C, Vol. 45, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.r892

Octupole excitations in light xenon and barium nuclei
journal, August 1994

Heenen, P. -H.; Skalski, J.; Bonche, P.
Physical Review C, Vol. 50, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.50.802

Systematic study of deformed nuclei at the drip lines and beyond
journal, November 2003

Stoitsov, M. V.; Dobaczewski, J.; Nazarewicz, W.
Physical Review C, Vol. 68, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.68.054312

Global performance of covariant energy density functionals: Ground state observables of even-even nuclei and the estimate of theoretical uncertainties
journal, May 2014

Agbemava, S. E.; Afanasjev, A. V.; Ray, D.
Physical Review C, Vol. 89, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.89.054320

Atomic Parity Violation and the Nuclear Anapole Moment
journal, March 1997

Haxton, W. C.
Science, Vol. 275, Issue 5307
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Octupole deformation in neutron-rich barium isotopes
text, January 1986

R., Holzmann,; H., Emling,; W. R., Phillips,
American Physical Society
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Relativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functionals: adjusting parameters to binding energies
text, January 2008

Niksic, T.; Vretenar, D.; Ring, P.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.0809.1375

Nuclear Energy Density Optimization
text, January 2010

Kortelainen, M.; Lesinski, T.; Moré, J.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1005.5145

Fission half-lives of super-heavy nuclei in a microscopic approach
text, January 2012

Warda, M.; Egido, J. L.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1204.5867

r-Process Lanthanide Production and Heating Rates in Kilonovae
text, January 2015

Lippuner, Jonas; Roberts, Luke F.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1508.03133

Electric Dipole Moments of the Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles
text, January 2017

Chupp, Timothy; Fierlinger, Peter; Ramsey-Musolf, Michael
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.02504

Octupole deformation in the ground states of even-even $Z\sim 96, N\sim 196$ actinides and superheavy nuclei
text, January 2017

Agbemava, S. E.; Afanasjev, A. V.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.03867

Spectroscopy of reflection-asymmetric nuclei with relativistic energy density functionals
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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1710.08230

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Title: Landscape of pear-shaped even-even nuclei

Abstract

Citation Formats

Parity-projected calculations on octupole deformed nuclei journal, March 1991

Atomic Parity Violation and the Nuclear Anapole Moment journal, March 1997

Relativistic Hartree?Bogoliubov theory: static and dynamic aspects of exotic nuclear structure journal, April 2005

Microscopic analysis of octupole shape transitions in neutron-rich actinides with relativistic energy density functional journal, November 2017

Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure journal, May 2014

Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for r -process calculations journal, March 2018

Global systematics of octupole excitations in even-even nuclei journal, November 2011

Time-reversal violating Schiff moment of 225 Ra journal, August 2003

Enhanced nuclear Schiff moment in stable and metastable nuclei journal, January 2020

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references journal, March 2017

Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes journal, September 1995

Enhanced T -odd, P -odd electromagnetic moments in reflection asymmetric nuclei journal, September 1997

The effective force NL3 revisited journal, January 2009

Half-life of Pu 228 and α decay of Np 228 journal, December 2003

Beyond relativistic mean-field approach for nuclear octupole excitations journal, October 2015

Extension of the nuclear landscape to hyperheavy nuclei journal, March 2019

Octupole correlations in low-lying states of Nd 150 and Sm 150 and their impact on neutrinoless double- β decay journal, July 2016

New parametrization for the nuclear covariant energy density functional with a point-coupling interaction journal, November 2010

Collective T - and P -Odd Electromagnetic Moments in Nuclei with Octupole Deformations journal, June 1996

Octupole correlation effects near Z=56, N=88 journal, October 1988

Octupole correlations in the structure of 0 2 + bands in the N = 88 nuclei 150 Sm and 152 Gd journal, April 2013

Nuclear octupole deformation and the mechanism of fission journal, February 1961

Observation of Octupole Structures in Radon and Radium Isotopes and Their Contrasting Behavior at High Spin journal, April 1997

Analysis of octupole instability in medium-mass and heavy nuclei journal, November 1984

Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles journal, January 2019

Reflection asymmetric states in 146Nd journal, January 1996

Enhancement of octupole strength in near spherical nuclei journal, September 2016

Fission properties for r -process nuclei journal, February 2012

Octupolly deformed nuclei near 112Ba journal, March 1990

Excited states and deformation of 112Xe journal, December 2001

Microscopic description of octupole shape-phase transitions in light actinide and rare-earth nuclei journal, February 2014

Self-consistent mean-field models for nuclear structure journal, January 2003

Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive Ra 222 and Ra 228 Beams journal, January 2020

Stability of polyatomic molecules in degenerate electronic states - I—Orbital degeneracy journal, July 1937

Octupole deformation in neutron-rich barium isotopes journal, December 1986

The limits of nuclear mass and charge journal, June 2018

Studies of pear-shaped nuclei using accelerated radioactive beams journal, May 2013

Broken reflection symmetry in Xe 114 journal, October 1993

Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich Ba 144 journal, March 2016

Intrinsic reflection asymmetry in atomic nuclei journal, April 1996

Octupole collectivity in nuclei journal, June 2016

Correlating Schiff Moments in the Light Actinides with Octupole Moments journal, December 2018

Observation of new levels and proposed octupole correlations in neutron-rich 150 Ce journal, January 2012

Enhanced T -Nonconserving Nuclear Moments journal, November 1983

The limits of the nuclear landscape journal, June 2012

Direct observation of the Ba 114 → Xe 110 → Te 106 → Sn 102 triple α -decay chain using position and time correlations journal, August 2016

Quantified limits of the nuclear landscape journal, April 2020

A finite range pairing force for density functional theory in superfluid nuclei journal, June 2009

Transition to deformed shapes as a nuclear Jahn-Teller effect journal, May 1984

Stability of Pear-Shaped Nuclear Deformations journal, November 1957

Nuclear octupole correlations and the enhancement of atomic time-reversal violation journal, February 2000

Quadrupole deformed and octupole collective bands in 228Ra journal, June 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations journal, March 1995

Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters journal, March 2009

Axially deformed solution of the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov equations using the transformed harmonic oscillator basis (III) hfbtho (v3.00): A new version of the program journal, November 2017

Fission half-lives of superheavy nuclei in a microscopic approach journal, July 2012

New Skyrme effective forces for supernovae and neutron rich nuclei journal, January 1995

Ground state octupole correlation energy with effective forces journal, March 2015

Central depression in nucleonic densities: Trend analysis in the nuclear density functional theory approach journal, August 2017

Octupole correlations in neutron-rich, even-even barium isotopes journal, January 1997

Search for octupole correlations in neutron-rich Ce 148 nucleus journal, May 2006

Octupole deformation properties of actinide isotopes within a mean-field approach journal, August 2012

Octupole deformation in the ground states of even-even Z ∼ 96 , N ∼ 196 actinides and superheavy nuclei journal, August 2017

Nuclear energy density optimization: Large deformations journal, February 2012

The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei journal, June 2019

Spectroscopy of Rn, Ra and Th isotopes using multi-nucleon transfer reactions journal, January 1999

Nuclear ground-state properties from mean-field calculations journal, September 2002

Contrasting Behavior in Octupole Structures Observed at High Spin in 220 Ra and 222 Th journal, August 1995

Colloquium : Superheavy elements: Oganesson and beyond journal, January 2019

Direct Evidence for Octupole Deformation in Ba 146 and the Origin of Large E 1 Moment Variations in Reflection-Asymmetric Nuclei journal, April 2017

Hyperheavy nuclei: Existence and stability journal, July 2018

Octupole deformation properties of the Barcelona-Catania-Paris energy density functionals journal, March 2010

Axial and reflection asymmetry of the nuclear ground state journal, September 2008

Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei journal, January 2020

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 222 journal, November 2011

Microscopic origin of nuclear deformations journal, July 1994

Collective E1 transitions in even-A Ra, Th, and U nuclei journal, June 1993

Parity-projected calculations on octupole deformed nuclei
journal, March 1991

Atomic Parity Violation and the Nuclear Anapole Moment
journal, March 1997

Relativistic Hartree?Bogoliubov theory: static and dynamic aspects of exotic nuclear structure
journal, April 2005

Microscopic analysis of octupole shape transitions in neutron-rich actinides with relativistic energy density functional
journal, November 2017

Nuclear energy density optimization: Shell structure
journal, May 2014

Fission properties of superheavy nuclei for $r$ -process calculations
journal, March 2018

Global systematics of octupole excitations in even-even nuclei
journal, November 2011

Time-reversal violating Schiff moment of $^{225} Ra$
journal, August 2003

Enhanced nuclear Schiff moment in stable and metastable nuclei
journal, January 2020

The AME2016 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references
journal, March 2017

Octupole deformation in 142,143Ba and 144Ce: new band structures in neutron-rich Ba-isotopes
journal, September 1995

Enhanced $T$ -odd, $P$ -odd electromagnetic moments in reflection asymmetric nuclei
journal, September 1997

The effective force NL3 revisited
journal, January 2009

Half-life of ${}^{228}{Pu}$ and $α$ decay of ${}^{228}{Np}$
journal, December 2003

Beyond relativistic mean-field approach for nuclear octupole excitations
journal, October 2015

Extension of the nuclear landscape to hyperheavy nuclei
journal, March 2019

Octupole correlations in low-lying states of ${}^{150}{Nd}$ and ${}^{150}{Sm}$ and their impact on neutrinoless double- $β$ decay
journal, July 2016

New parametrization for the nuclear covariant energy density functional with a point-coupling interaction
journal, November 2010

Collective T - and P -Odd Electromagnetic Moments in Nuclei with Octupole Deformations
journal, June 1996

Octupole correlation effects near Z=56, N=88
journal, October 1988

Octupole correlations in the structure of $0_{2}^{+}$ bands in the $N = 88$ nuclei $^{150}$ Sm and $^{152}$ Gd
journal, April 2013

Nuclear octupole deformation and the mechanism of fission
journal, February 1961

Observation of Octupole Structures in Radon and Radium Isotopes and Their Contrasting Behavior at High Spin
journal, April 1997

Analysis of octupole instability in medium-mass and heavy nuclei
journal, November 1984

Electric dipole moments of atoms, molecules, nuclei, and particles
journal, January 2019

Reflection asymmetric states in 146Nd
journal, January 1996

Enhancement of octupole strength in near spherical nuclei
journal, September 2016

Fission properties for $r$ -process nuclei
journal, February 2012

Octupolly deformed nuclei near 112Ba
journal, March 1990

Excited states and deformation of 112Xe
journal, December 2001

Microscopic description of octupole shape-phase transitions in light actinide and rare-earth nuclei
journal, February 2014

Self-consistent mean-field models for nuclear structure
journal, January 2003

Evolution of Octupole Deformation in Radium Nuclei from Coulomb Excitation of Radioactive ${}^{222}{Ra}$ and ${}^{228}{Ra}$ Beams
journal, January 2020

Stability of polyatomic molecules in degenerate electronic states - I—Orbital degeneracy
journal, July 1937

Octupole deformation in neutron-rich barium isotopes
journal, December 1986

The limits of nuclear mass and charge
journal, June 2018

Studies of pear-shaped nuclei using accelerated radioactive beams
journal, May 2013

Broken reflection symmetry in ${}^{114}{Xe}$
journal, October 1993

Direct Evidence of Octupole Deformation in Neutron-Rich ${}^{144}{Ba}$
journal, March 2016

Intrinsic reflection asymmetry in atomic nuclei
journal, April 1996

Octupole collectivity in nuclei
journal, June 2016

Correlating Schiff Moments in the Light Actinides with Octupole Moments
journal, December 2018

Observation of new levels and proposed octupole correlations in neutron-rich $^{150}$ Ce
journal, January 2012

Enhanced $T$ -Nonconserving Nuclear Moments
journal, November 1983

The limits of the nuclear landscape
journal, June 2012

Direct observation of the ${}^{114}{Ba} \to {}^{110}{Xe} \to {}^{106}{Te} \to {}^{102}{Sn}$ triple $α$ -decay chain using position and time correlations
journal, August 2016

Quantified limits of the nuclear landscape
journal, April 2020

A finite range pairing force for density functional theory in superfluid nuclei
journal, June 2009

Transition to deformed shapes as a nuclear Jahn-Teller effect
journal, May 1984

Stability of Pear-Shaped Nuclear Deformations
journal, November 1957

Nuclear octupole correlations and the enhancement of atomic time-reversal violation
journal, February 2000

Quadrupole deformed and octupole collective bands in 228Ra
journal, June 1998

Nuclear Ground-State Masses and Deformations
journal, March 1995

Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters
journal, March 2009

Axially deformed solution of the Skyrme–Hartree–Fock–Bogolyubov equations using the transformed harmonic oscillator basis (III) hfbtho (v3.00): A new version of the program
journal, November 2017

Fission half-lives of superheavy nuclei in a microscopic approach
journal, July 2012

New Skyrme effective forces for supernovae and neutron rich nuclei
journal, January 1995

Ground state octupole correlation energy with effective forces
journal, March 2015

Central depression in nucleonic densities: Trend analysis in the nuclear density functional theory approach
journal, August 2017

Octupole correlations in neutron-rich, even-even barium isotopes
journal, January 1997

Search for octupole correlations in neutron-rich ${}^{148}{Ce}$ nucleus
journal, May 2006

Octupole deformation properties of actinide isotopes within a mean-field approach
journal, August 2012

Octupole deformation in the ground states of even-even $Z \sim 96, N \sim 196$ actinides and superheavy nuclei
journal, August 2017

Nuclear energy density optimization: Large deformations
journal, February 2012

The observation of vibrating pear-shapes in radon nuclei
journal, June 2019

Spectroscopy of Rn, Ra and Th isotopes using multi-nucleon transfer reactions
journal, January 1999

Nuclear ground-state properties from mean-field calculations
journal, September 2002

Contrasting Behavior in Octupole Structures Observed at High Spin in $^{220}$ Ra and $^{222}$ Th
journal, August 1995

Colloquium : Superheavy elements: Oganesson and beyond
journal, January 2019

Direct Evidence for Octupole Deformation in ${}^{146}{Ba}$ and the Origin of Large $E 1$ Moment Variations in Reflection-Asymmetric Nuclei
journal, April 2017

Hyperheavy nuclei: Existence and stability
journal, July 2018

Octupole deformation properties of the Barcelona-Catania-Paris energy density functionals
journal, March 2010

Axial and reflection asymmetry of the nuclear ground state
journal, September 2008

Beyond the proton drip line: Bayesian analysis of proton-emitting nuclei
journal, January 2020

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 222
journal, November 2011

Microscopic origin of nuclear deformations
journal, July 1994

Collective E1 transitions in even-A Ra, Th, and U nuclei
journal, June 1993

89. Remarks about pear-shaped nuclei
journal, January 1956

Nuclear energy density optimization
journal, August 2010

Octupole deformation in the ground states of even-even nuclei: A global analysis within the covariant density functional theory
journal, April 2016