Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene- alt -benzotriazole polymers
Abstract
In developing organic semiconductor polymers for photovoltaic applications, chlorine substitution has become an effective strategy in replacing fluorine substitution to overcome the drawbacks of low yield and high cost, commonly associated with fluorination. In general, several molecular positions are available for chlorination. To obtain a clear understanding of the impact of chlorine substitution on the intrinsic polymer properties, an investigation of structure–property relationships is necessary. Herein, four donor–acceptor type polymers with the same conjugated backbone and flexible alkyl chains, but with chlorine atoms in different positions, are employed to systematically investigate the effect of the site of chlorination on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Substitution of fluorine by chlorine in the backbone slightly increases open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells but causes a loss of short-circuit current density (Jsc). The introduction of chlorine in the conjugated side chains, however, significantly improves Voc, FF, and power conversion efficiency, benefiting from a lower HOMO energy level, efficient and well-balanced transport properties, and superior nanoscale morphology.
- Authors:
-
[3];
[5];
[3];
[6]
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, USA, Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron
- Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, USA
- Molecular Materials and Nanosystems & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Ministry of Education, Culture, and Science; US Office of Naval Research (ONR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1669174
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1763686
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231; 024.001.035; N000141712204; N000142012155
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Journal of Materials Chemistry C Journal Volume: 8 Journal Issue: 43; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7526
- Publisher:
- Royal Society of Chemistry
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
Citation Formats
Bin, Haijun, Angunawela, Indunil, Ma, Ruijie, Nallapaneni, Asritha, Zhu, Chenhui, Leenaers, Pieter J., Saes, Bart W. H., Wienk, Martijn M., Yan, He, Ade, Harald, and Janssen, René A. J. Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene- alt -benzotriazole polymers. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1039/D0TC03095C.
Bin, Haijun, Angunawela, Indunil, Ma, Ruijie, Nallapaneni, Asritha, Zhu, Chenhui, Leenaers, Pieter J., Saes, Bart W. H., Wienk, Martijn M., Yan, He, Ade, Harald, & Janssen, René A. J. Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene- alt -benzotriazole polymers. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03095C
Bin, Haijun, Angunawela, Indunil, Ma, Ruijie, Nallapaneni, Asritha, Zhu, Chenhui, Leenaers, Pieter J., Saes, Bart W. H., Wienk, Martijn M., Yan, He, Ade, Harald, and Janssen, René A. J. Thu .
"Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene- alt -benzotriazole polymers". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TC03095C.
@article{osti_1669174,
title = {Effect of main and side chain chlorination on the photovoltaic properties of benzodithiophene- alt -benzotriazole polymers},
author = {Bin, Haijun and Angunawela, Indunil and Ma, Ruijie and Nallapaneni, Asritha and Zhu, Chenhui and Leenaers, Pieter J. and Saes, Bart W. H. and Wienk, Martijn M. and Yan, He and Ade, Harald and Janssen, René A. J.},
abstractNote = {In developing organic semiconductor polymers for photovoltaic applications, chlorine substitution has become an effective strategy in replacing fluorine substitution to overcome the drawbacks of low yield and high cost, commonly associated with fluorination. In general, several molecular positions are available for chlorination. To obtain a clear understanding of the impact of chlorine substitution on the intrinsic polymer properties, an investigation of structure–property relationships is necessary. Herein, four donor–acceptor type polymers with the same conjugated backbone and flexible alkyl chains, but with chlorine atoms in different positions, are employed to systematically investigate the effect of the site of chlorination on the optoelectronic properties and photovoltaic performance. Substitution of fluorine by chlorine in the backbone slightly increases open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells but causes a loss of short-circuit current density (Jsc). The introduction of chlorine in the conjugated side chains, however, significantly improves Voc, FF, and power conversion efficiency, benefiting from a lower HOMO energy level, efficient and well-balanced transport properties, and superior nanoscale morphology.},
doi = {10.1039/D0TC03095C},
journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry C},
number = 43,
volume = 8,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Thu Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Thu Nov 12 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}
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