The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography

Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani; Jansson, Janet K.; Makhalanyane, Thulani P.

doi:10.1186/s12866-020-01907-3

Title: The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography

Journal Article · 17 August 2020 · BMC Microbiology

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-01907-3 · OSTI ID:1668324

Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen ^[1]; Vikram, Surendra ^[1]; Mulaudzi, Khodani ^[1]; Jansson, Janet K. ^[2];

^[1]

Univ. of Pretoria (South Africa). Center for Microbial Ecology and Genomics
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Understanding the structure and drivers of gut microbiota remains a major ecological endeavour. Recent studies have shown that several factors including diet, lifestyle and geography may substantially shape the human gut microbiota. However, most of these studies have focused on the more abundant bacterial component and comparatively less is known regarding fungi in the human gut. This knowledge deficit is especially true for rural and urban African populations. Therefore, we assessed the structure and drivers of rural and urban gut mycobiota. Results Our participants (n=100) were balanced by geography and sex. The mycobiota of these geographically separated cohorts was characterized using amplicon analysis of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) gene. We further assessed biomarker species specific to rural and urban cohorts. In addition to phyla which have been shown to be ubiquitous constituents of gut microbiota, Pichia were key constituents of the mycobiota. We found that several factors including geographic location and lifestyle factors such as the smoking status were major drivers of gut mycobiota. Linear discriminant and the linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis revealed several distinct urban and rural biomarkers. Conclusions Together, our analysis reveals distinct community structure in urban and rural South African individuals. Geography and lifestyle related factors were shown to be key drivers of rural and urban gut microbiota.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 1668324

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-153154

Journal Information:: BMC Microbiology, Vol. 20, Issue 1; ISSN 1471-2180

Publisher:: BioMed CentralCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
gut microbiome
ethnicity
mycobiota
diet
Africa
rural
urban

Additional file 2 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819490.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 3 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819493.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5094367.v1 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2020
Additional file 1 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819487.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 1 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819487 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 4 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819496.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5094367 The current record is supplemented by this collection	collection	January 2020
Additional file 4 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819496 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 5 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819499.v1 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 5 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819499 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 2 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819490 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020
Additional file 3 of The gut mycobiota of rural and urban individuals is shaped by geography Kabwe, Mubanga Hellen; Vikram, Surendra; Mulaudzi, Khodani https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12819493 The current record is supplemented by this text	text	January 2020