Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017)

Habte, Aron; Sengupta, Manajit; Gueymard, Christian; Golnas, Anastasios; Xie, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110285

Title: Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017)

Abstract

The study assesses the long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability in America using the 20-year National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Specifically, the coefficient of variation (COV) is used to analyze the spatial and temporal (interannual and seasonal) variability. Further, both spatial and temporal long-term variability are analyzed using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temporal variability is found that, on average, the continental United States (CONUS) COV reaches up to 5% for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and 10% for direct normal irradiance (DNI), and that the NSRDB domain's COV is roughly twice that of CONUS. For the seasonal variability analysis, the winter months are found to exhibit higher COV than the other seasons. In particular, December exhibits the highest variability, reaching on average 30% for DNI and 20% for GHI over various areas. On the other hand, the summer months demonstrate significantly lower variability, reaching only less than 20% for DNI and 10% for GHI, on average. Similarly, the spatial variability is analyzed by comparing each pixel to its neighbors. The long-term spatial variability is found to increase with the number of neighboring pixels being considered, which is equivalent to an increase in distance (withinmore »« less

Authors:

Habte, Aron ^[1];

^[1]; Gueymard, Christian ^[2]; Golnas, Anastasios ^[3]; Xie, Yu ^[1]

National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Solar Consulting Services, Colebrook, NH (United States)
US Department of Energy (USDOE), Washington DC (United States). Solar Energy Technologies Office

Publication Date:: Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020

Research Org.:: National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

OSTI Identifier:: 1665826

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1809915

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA-5D00-76353
Journal ID: ISSN 1364-0321; MainId:6575;UUID:9025dd5f-be63-ea11-9c31-ac162d87dfe5;MainAdminID:17420

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0007673

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 134; Journal ID: ISSN 1364-0321

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 14 SOLAR ENERGY; long-term spatial; National Solar Radiation Database; NSRDB; solar resource; temporal

Citation Formats


                    Habte, Aron, Sengupta, Manajit, Gueymard, Christian, Golnas, Anastasios, and Xie, Yu. Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017).  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.110285.

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                    Habte, Aron, Sengupta, Manajit, Gueymard, Christian, Golnas, Anastasios, & Xie, Yu. Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017).  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110285

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                    Habte, Aron, Sengupta, Manajit, Gueymard, Christian, Golnas, Anastasios, and Xie, Yu. Tue .  
"Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017)".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2020.110285.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1665826.

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@article{osti_1665826,

  title        = {Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017)},

  author       = {Habte, Aron and Sengupta, Manajit and Gueymard, Christian and Golnas, Anastasios and Xie, Yu},

  abstractNote = {The study assesses the long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability in America using the 20-year National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Specifically, the coefficient of variation (COV) is used to analyze the spatial and temporal (interannual and seasonal) variability. Further, both spatial and temporal long-term variability are analyzed using the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. The temporal variability is found that, on average, the continental United States (CONUS) COV reaches up to 5% for global horizontal irradiance (GHI) and 10% for direct normal irradiance (DNI), and that the NSRDB domain's COV is roughly twice that of CONUS. For the seasonal variability analysis, the winter months are found to exhibit higher COV than the other seasons. In particular, December exhibits the highest variability, reaching on average 30% for DNI and 20% for GHI over various areas. On the other hand, the summer months demonstrate significantly lower variability, reaching only less than 20% for DNI and 10% for GHI, on average. Similarly, the spatial variability is analyzed by comparing each pixel to its neighbors. The long-term spatial variability is found to increase with the number of neighboring pixels being considered, which is equivalent to an increase in distance (within a 100-km x 100-km square grid). As expected, the DNI spatial variability is higher than that of GHI. Moreover, the annual solar irradiance anomalies are found to reach ±25% for both GHI and DNI (and even exceed those value in some instances) during each year of the 20-year period.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.rser.2020.110285},

  journal      = {Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 134,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020},

  month        = {Tue Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2020}

}

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Title: Long-term spatial and temporal solar resource variability over America using the NSRDB version 3 (1998–2017)

Abstract

Citation Formats

Assessment of spatial and temporal variability in the US solar resource from radiometric measurements and predictions from models using ground-based or satellite data journal, May 2011

The National Solar Radiation Data Base (NSRDB) journal, June 2018

Relating solar resource and its variability to weather and climate across the northwestern United States journal, November 2017

Annually and monthly resolved solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature data across the Hawaiian archipelago from 1998 to 2015 with interannual summary statistics journal, August 2018

The impact of solar radiation variability and data discrepancies on the design of PV systems journal, June 2004

Cloud-reflected radiation journal, June 1990

On the spatial decorrelation of stochastic solar resource variability at long timescales journal, July 2015

Theoretical variations of the thermal performance of different solar collectors and solar combi systems as function of the varying yearly weather conditions in Denmark journal, April 2009

Study of inter-correlations of solar radiation, wind speed and precipitation under the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in California journal, May 2018

Comparative analysis of long-term solar resource and CSP production for bankability journal, May 2016

A statistical characterization of the long-term solar resource: Towards risk assessment for solar power projects journal, January 2016

Building a bankable solar radiation dataset journal, August 2012

A bankable method of assessing the performance of a CPV plant journal, April 2014

The influence of persistence and variability on the required solar radiation record length journal, January 1982

Intermittency study of high frequency global solar radiation sequences under a tropical climate journal, December 2013

Characterizing local high-frequency solar variability and its impact to distribution studies journal, August 2015

A Wavelet-Based Variability Model (WVM) for Solar PV Power Plants journal, April 2013

Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review journal, July 2018

Local short-term variability in solar irradiance journal, January 2016

Cloud and albedo enhancement impacts on solar irradiance using high-frequency measurements from thermopile and photodiode radiometers. Part 1: Impacts on global horizontal irradiance journal, September 2017

Cloud enhancement of global horizontal irradiance in California and Hawaii journal, June 2016

Performance assessment issues in utility-scale photovoltaics in warm and sunny climates journal, January 2017

A study of extreme overirradiance events for solar energy applications using NASA’s I3RC Monte Carlo radiative transfer model journal, December 2015

Rethinking solar resource assessments in the context of global dimming and brightening journal, January 2014

Contrasting distributed and centralized photovoltaic system performance using regionally distributed pyranometers journal, January 2018

On the Space–Time Scales of the Surface Solar Radiation Field journal, January 1998

A synthetic, spatially decorrelating solar irradiance generator and application to a LV grid model with high PV penetration journal, May 2017

High resolution characterisation of solar variability for two sites in Eastern Canada journal, November 2016

Differences between along-wind and cross-wind solar irradiance variability on small spatial scales journal, February 2013

Spatiotemporal interpolation and forecast of irradiance data using Kriging journal, December 2017

High-frequency irradiance fluctuations and geographic smoothing journal, August 2012

Multiresolution analysis of the spatiotemporal variability in global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 pyranometers journal, January 2017

Applying the kriging method to predicting irradiance variability at a potential PV power plant journal, February 2016

Implementation of a Semiphysical Model for Examining Solar Radiation in the Midwest journal, September 1995

Estimating climatological variability of solar energy production journal, December 2013

Interannual and spatial variability of solar radiation energy potential in Kenya using Meteosat satellite journal, February 2018

Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources journal, July 2017

Long-term variability of solar direct and global radiation derived from ISCCP data and comparison with reanalysis data journal, November 2006

Potential of solar electricity generation in the European Union member states and candidate countries journal, October 2007

Quantifiers for the solar irradiance variability: A new perspective journal, November 2018

On the use of the coefficient of variation to measure spatial and temporal correlation of global solar radiation journal, April 2016

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) journal, July 2017

A Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar applications with Narrowband Irradiances on Tilted surfaces (FARMS-NIT): Part I. The clear-sky model journal, November 2018

Atypical variability in TMY-based power systems journal, February 2020

Local-Scale Variability of Daily Solar Radiation—San Diego County, California journal, May 1986

World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated [World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated] journal, July 2006

Methodology of Köppen-Geiger-Photovoltaic climate classification and implications to worldwide mapping of PV system performance journal, October 2019

Parametric modeling: A simple and versatile route to solar irradiance journal, May 2018

Energy Yield Limits for Single-Junction Solar Cells journal, June 2018

Worldwide performance assessment of 75 global clear-sky irradiance models using Principal Component Analysis journal, September 2019

Vegetation-Radiation Relationships in Mountainous Terrain: Eucalypt-Dominated Vegetation in the Risdon Hills, Tasmania journal, June 1980

Solar resource assessment through long-term statistical analysis and typical data generation with different time resolutions using GHI measurements journal, November 2018

Assessment of spatial and temporal variability in the US solar resource from radiometric measurements and predictions from models using ground-based or satellite data
journal, May 2011

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journal, June 2018

Relating solar resource and its variability to weather and climate across the northwestern United States
journal, November 2017

Annually and monthly resolved solar irradiance and atmospheric temperature data across the Hawaiian archipelago from 1998 to 2015 with interannual summary statistics
journal, August 2018

The impact of solar radiation variability and data discrepancies on the design of PV systems
journal, June 2004

Cloud-reflected radiation
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On the spatial decorrelation of stochastic solar resource variability at long timescales
journal, July 2015

Theoretical variations of the thermal performance of different solar collectors and solar combi systems as function of the varying yearly weather conditions in Denmark
journal, April 2009

Study of inter-correlations of solar radiation, wind speed and precipitation under the influence of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in California
journal, May 2018

Comparative analysis of long-term solar resource and CSP production for bankability
journal, May 2016

A statistical characterization of the long-term solar resource: Towards risk assessment for solar power projects
journal, January 2016

Building a bankable solar radiation dataset
journal, August 2012

A bankable method of assessing the performance of a CPV plant
journal, April 2014

The influence of persistence and variability on the required solar radiation record length
journal, January 1982

Intermittency study of high frequency global solar radiation sequences under a tropical climate
journal, December 2013

Characterizing local high-frequency solar variability and its impact to distribution studies
journal, August 2015

A Wavelet-Based Variability Model (WVM) for Solar PV Power Plants
journal, April 2013

Irradiance Variability Quantification and Small-Scale Averaging in Space and Time: A Short Review
journal, July 2018

Local short-term variability in solar irradiance
journal, January 2016

Cloud and albedo enhancement impacts on solar irradiance using high-frequency measurements from thermopile and photodiode radiometers. Part 1: Impacts on global horizontal irradiance
journal, September 2017

Cloud enhancement of global horizontal irradiance in California and Hawaii
journal, June 2016

Performance assessment issues in utility-scale photovoltaics in warm and sunny climates
journal, January 2017

A study of extreme overirradiance events for solar energy applications using NASA’s I3RC Monte Carlo radiative transfer model
journal, December 2015

Rethinking solar resource assessments in the context of global dimming and brightening
journal, January 2014

Contrasting distributed and centralized photovoltaic system performance using regionally distributed pyranometers
journal, January 2018

On the Space–Time Scales of the Surface Solar Radiation Field
journal, January 1998

A synthetic, spatially decorrelating solar irradiance generator and application to a LV grid model with high PV penetration
journal, May 2017

High resolution characterisation of solar variability for two sites in Eastern Canada
journal, November 2016

Differences between along-wind and cross-wind solar irradiance variability on small spatial scales
journal, February 2013

Spatiotemporal interpolation and forecast of irradiance data using Kriging
journal, December 2017

High-frequency irradiance fluctuations and geographic smoothing
journal, August 2012

Multiresolution analysis of the spatiotemporal variability in global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 pyranometers
journal, January 2017

Applying the kriging method to predicting irradiance variability at a potential PV power plant
journal, February 2016

Implementation of a Semiphysical Model for Examining Solar Radiation in the Midwest
journal, September 1995

Estimating climatological variability of solar energy production
journal, December 2013

Interannual and spatial variability of solar radiation energy potential in Kenya using Meteosat satellite
journal, February 2018

Interannual Variability and Seasonal Predictability of Wind and Solar Resources
journal, July 2017

Long-term variability of solar direct and global radiation derived from ISCCP data and comparison with reanalysis data
journal, November 2006

Potential of solar electricity generation in the European Union member states and candidate countries
journal, October 2007

Quantifiers for the solar irradiance variability: A new perspective
journal, November 2018

On the use of the coefficient of variation to measure spatial and temporal correlation of global solar radiation
journal, April 2016

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
journal, July 2017

A Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar applications with Narrowband Irradiances on Tilted surfaces (FARMS-NIT): Part I. The clear-sky model
journal, November 2018

Atypical variability in TMY-based power systems
journal, February 2020

Local-Scale Variability of Daily Solar Radiation—San Diego County, California
journal, May 1986

World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated [World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated]
journal, July 2006

Methodology of Köppen-Geiger-Photovoltaic climate classification and implications to worldwide mapping of PV system performance
journal, October 2019

Parametric modeling: A simple and versatile route to solar irradiance
journal, May 2018

Energy Yield Limits for Single-Junction Solar Cells
journal, June 2018

Worldwide performance assessment of 75 global clear-sky irradiance models using Principal Component Analysis
journal, September 2019

Vegetation-Radiation Relationships in Mountainous Terrain: Eucalypt-Dominated Vegetation in the Risdon Hills, Tasmania
journal, June 1980

Solar resource assessment through long-term statistical analysis and typical data generation with different time resolutions using GHI measurements
journal, November 2018