System Strength and Inertia Constrained Optimal Generator Dispatch Under High Renewable Penetration

Journal Article · 04 December 2019 · IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/tste.2019.2957568 · OSTI ID:1665820

Gu, Huajie  ^[1]; Yan, Ruifeng  ^[1]; Saha, Tapan Kumar  ^[1]; Muljadi, Eduard  ^[2]

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1. Univ. of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD (Australia)
2. Auburn Univ., AL (United States)

System strength and inertia inherently provided by synchronous generators (SGs) empower a power system to ride through voltage and power disturbances. The requirements of system strength and inertia were not enforced in the National Electricity Market (NEM) of Australia since SGs dominated the generation fleet in the past. However, increasing wind and solar generation continuously displaces SGs and consequently reduces system strength and inertia in the NEM. This paper proposes a formulation of system strength and inertia constrained optimal generator dispatch to reassure NEM operational security in light of emerging high renewable penetration. A fault current iterative solver is developed to evaluate system strength, in which current limitation and voltage control logics of inverter-based generators, and fault current contribution from VAR compensators are properly modelled in the phasor domain. The system strength contribution factor of an SG is defined to linearize system strength constraint for unit commitment (UC). System and sub-network inertia constraints are also formulated for UC to limit the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) in the event of generator/interconnector trip. We report the proposed generator dispatch formulation can fully meet system strength and inertia requirements in the NEM.

• Research Organization: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Water Power Technologies Office (EE-4W); Australian Government
• Grant/Contract Number: AC36-08GO28308
• OSTI ID: 1665820
• Report Number(s): NREL/JA-5000-77461; MainId:27397; UUID:25545250-9899-49de-8370-71088dbc5032; MainAdminID:17390
• Journal Information: IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 11, Issue 4; ISSN 1949-3029
• Publisher: IEEECopyright Statement
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English