Effects of Irrigation on Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Budgets in a Semiarid Watershed in the Pacific Northwest: A Modeling Study

Zhu, Bowen; Huang, Maoyi; Cheng, Yanyan; Xie, Xianhong; Liu, Ying; Zhang, Xuesong; Bisht, Gautam; Chen, Xingyuan; Missik, Justine E.; Liu, Heping

doi:10.1029/2019ms001953

Title: Effects of Irrigation on Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Budgets in a Semiarid Watershed in the Pacific Northwest: A Modeling Study

Journal Article · 20 April 2020 · Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019ms001953 · OSTI ID:1664627

Zhu, Bowen ^[1];

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Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Beijing Normal Univ. (China)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Beijing Normal Univ. (China)
Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)

In this study, we use the Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) to investigate how irrigation modulates hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics in the Upper Columbia-Priest Rapids (UCPR) watershed, a typical semi-arid watershed located in the north-western United States dominated by cropland. To our knowledge, this constitutes the first application of CLM5 with landscape heterogeneity fully resolved over a watershed. The model is calibrated and evaluated against flux measurements from an AmeriFlux site and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. Two numerical experiments (i.e., irrigated and rainfed) are performed at hyper-resolution (~1 km) over the period of 2010-2018, accounting for realistic crop types and management practices. Our results show that irrigation fundamentally alters hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics of the watershed. By adding 79.6 mm yr^-1 water in addition to the mean annual precipitation of 204.0 mm yr^-1, irrigation leads to increases in evapotranspiration and runoff, accompanied by shallower groundwater table depths. Increases in crop productivity in response to irrigation result in more carbon storage in the watershed, and drastically large seasonal fluctuations in soil organic carbon in response to changes in soil temperature and moisture. Irrigation also intensifies the rate of denitrification and mineralization during the growing season, enhancing the interactions between soil mineral nitrogen, the atmosphere, and freshwater systems. Our study demonstrates the potential of CLM5 as an effective tool for understanding hydrological and biogeochemical dynamics in highly-managed semi-arid watersheds.

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Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; 41971030

OSTI ID:: 1664627

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1664629; OSTI ID: 1682243

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA-149346

Journal Information:: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, Vol. 12, Issue 9; ISSN 1942-2466

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 11 works

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