Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits
Abstract
Accurate control of two-level systems is a longstanding problem in quantum mechanics. One such quantum system is the frequency-bin qubit: a single photon existing in superposition of two discrete frequency modes. In this Letter, we demonstrate fully arbitrary control of frequency-bin qubits in a quantum frequency processor for the first time. Furthermore, we numerically establish optimal settings for multiple configurations of electro-optic phase modulators and pulse shapers, experimentally confirming near-unity mode-transformation fidelity for all fundamental rotations. Performance at the single-photon level is validated through the rotation of a single frequency-bin qubit to 41 points spread over the entire Bloch sphere, as well as tracking of the state path followed by the output of a tunable frequency beam splitter, with Bayesian tomography confirming state fidelities Fρ>0.98 for all cases. Overall, such high-fidelity transformations expand the practical potential of frequency encoding in quantum communications, offering exceptional precision and low noise in general qubit manipulation.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[3];
[1];
[2]
- Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Inst.
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1661226
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; 1839191-ECCS
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 125; Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; Optical quantum information processing; optoelectronics; photonics; quantum gates; quantum optics; quantum tomography
Citation Formats
Lu, Hsuan-Hao, Simmerman, Emma M., Lougovski, Pavel, Weiner, Andrew M., and Lukens, Joseph M.. Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503.
Lu, Hsuan-Hao, Simmerman, Emma M., Lougovski, Pavel, Weiner, Andrew M., & Lukens, Joseph M.. Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503
Lu, Hsuan-Hao, Simmerman, Emma M., Lougovski, Pavel, Weiner, Andrew M., and Lukens, Joseph M.. Mon .
"Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1661226.
@article{osti_1661226,
title = {Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits},
author = {Lu, Hsuan-Hao and Simmerman, Emma M. and Lougovski, Pavel and Weiner, Andrew M. and Lukens, Joseph M.},
abstractNote = {Accurate control of two-level systems is a longstanding problem in quantum mechanics. One such quantum system is the frequency-bin qubit: a single photon existing in superposition of two discrete frequency modes. In this Letter, we demonstrate fully arbitrary control of frequency-bin qubits in a quantum frequency processor for the first time. Furthermore, we numerically establish optimal settings for multiple configurations of electro-optic phase modulators and pulse shapers, experimentally confirming near-unity mode-transformation fidelity for all fundamental rotations. Performance at the single-photon level is validated through the rotation of a single frequency-bin qubit to 41 points spread over the entire Bloch sphere, as well as tracking of the state path followed by the output of a tunable frequency beam splitter, with Bayesian tomography confirming state fidelities Fρ>0.98 for all cases. Overall, such high-fidelity transformations expand the practical potential of frequency encoding in quantum communications, offering exceptional precision and low noise in general qubit manipulation.},
doi = {10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 12,
volume = 125,
place = {United States},
year = {2020},
month = {9}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Maximal success probabilities of linear-optical quantum gates
journal, April 2009
- Uskov, Dmitry B.; Kaplan, Lev; Smith, A. Matthew
- Physical Review A, Vol. 79, Issue 4
Ultrafast optical pulse shaping: A tutorial review
journal, July 2011
- Weiner, Andrew M.
- Optics Communications, Vol. 284, Issue 15
Quantum Frequency Translation of Single-Photon States in a Photonic Crystal Fiber
journal, August 2010
- McGuinness, H. J.; Raymer, M. G.; McKinstrie, C. J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 105, Issue 9
Efficiently Loading a Single Photon into a Single-Sided Fabry-Perot Cavity
journal, September 2014
- Liu, Chang; Sun, Yuan; Zhao, Luwei
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 13
Entanglement distribution over 150 km in wavelength division multiplexed channels for quantum cryptography: Entanglement-based DWDM-QKD link over 150 km
journal, May 2016
- Aktas, Djeylan; Fedrici, Bruno; Kaiser, Florian
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 10, Issue 3
High-Power Broadly Tunable Electrooptic Frequency Comb Generator
journal, November 2013
- Metcalf, Andrew J.; Torres-Company, Victor; Leaird, Daniel E.
- IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 19, Issue 6
Orthogonal Spectral Coding of Entangled Photons
journal, April 2014
- Lukens, Joseph M.; Dezfooliyan, Amir; Langrock, Carsten
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 13
Optical arbitrary waveform generation
journal, October 2010
- Cundiff, Steven T.; Weiner, Andrew M.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 4, Issue 11
Quantum Coherent Control for Nonlinear Spectroscopy and Microscopy
journal, May 2009
- Silberberg, Yaron
- Annual Review of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 60, Issue 1
Frequency-domain Hong–Ou–Mandel interference
journal, April 2016
- Kobayashi, Toshiki; Ikuta, Rikizo; Yasui, Shuto
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 10, Issue 7
Frequency-encoded photonic qubits for scalable quantum information processing
journal, December 2016
- Lukens, Joseph M.; Lougovski, Pavel
- Optica, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Optimal, reliable estimation of quantum states
journal, April 2010
- Blume-Kohout, Robin
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 4
Quantum interference and correlation control of frequency-bin qubits
journal, January 2018
- Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Lukens, Joseph M.; Peters, Nicholas A.
- Optica, Vol. 5, Issue 11
Communication via one- and two-particle operators on Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen states
journal, November 1992
- Bennett, Charles H.; Wiesner, Stephen J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 69, Issue 20
A practical and efficient approach for Bayesian quantum state estimation
journal, June 2020
- Lukens, Joseph M.; Law, Kody J. H.; Jasra, Ajay
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 6
Coherent Two-Photon Excitation by Multiple Light Pulses
journal, April 1977
- Teets, R.; Eckstein, J.; Hänsch, T. W.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 38, Issue 14, p. 760-764
Advances in high-dimensional quantum entanglement
journal, June 2020
- Erhard, Manuel; Krenn, Mario; Zeilinger, Anton
- Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 7
Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels
journal, March 1993
- Bennett, Charles H.; Brassard, Gilles; Crépeau, Claude
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 70, Issue 13
Attosecond control of electronic processes by intense light fields
journal, February 2003
- Baltuška, A.; Udem, Th.; Uiberacker, M.
- Nature, Vol. 421, Issue 6923, p. 611-615
Invited Article: Attosecond photonics: Synthesis and control of light transients
journal, November 2012
- Hassan, M. Th.; Wirth, A.; Grguraš, I.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 83, Issue 11
Temporal Shaping of Entangled Photons
journal, February 2005
- Pe'er, Avi; Dayan, Barak; Friesem, Asher A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 7
An entanglement-based wavelength-multiplexed quantum communication network
journal, December 2018
- Wengerowsky, Sören; Joshi, Siddarth Koduru; Steinlechner, Fabian
- Nature, Vol. 564, Issue 7735
Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators
journal, May 2000
- Weiner, A. M.
- Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 71, Issue 5, p. 1929-1960
Frequency-Domain Quantum Interference with Correlated Photons from an Integrated Microresonator
journal, April 2020
- Joshi, Chaitali; Farsi, Alessandro; Dutt, Avik
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 124, Issue 14
All-Optical Frequency Processor for Networking Applications
journal, April 2020
- Lukens, Joseph M.; Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Qi, Bing
- Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 38, Issue 7
Ramsey Interference with Single Photons
journal, November 2016
- Clemmen, Stéphane; Farsi, Alessandro; Ramelow, Sven
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 22
Proposed Experiment to Test Local Hidden-Variable Theories
journal, October 1969
- Clauser, John F.; Horne, Michael A.; Shimony, Abner
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 23, Issue 15
A controlled-NOT gate for frequency-bin qubits
journal, March 2019
- Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Lukens, Joseph M.; Williams, Brian P.
- npj Quantum Information, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Interference of two photons of different color
journal, March 2010
- Raymer, M. G.; van Enk, S. J.; McKinstrie, C. J.
- Optics Communications, Vol. 283, Issue 5
Frequency-Multiplexed Photon Pairs Over 1000 Modes from a Quadratic Nonlinear Optical Waveguide Resonator with a Singly Resonant Configuration
journal, November 2019
- Ikuta, Rikizo; Tani, Ryoya; Ishizaki, Masahiro
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 123, Issue 19
Quantum cryptography
journal, March 2002
- Gisin, Nicolas; Ribordy, Grégoire; Tittel, Wolfgang
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 74, Issue 1
Optical frequency comb technology for ultra-broadband radio-frequency photonics: Optical frequency comb technology for RF photonics
journal, December 2013
- Torres-Company, Victor; Weiner, Andrew M.
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 8, Issue 3
Direct characterization of linear-optical networks
journal, January 2013
- Rahimi-Keshari, Saleh; Broome, Matthew A.; Fickler, Robert
- Optics Express, Vol. 21, Issue 11
50-GHz-spaced comb of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photons from an on-chip silicon nitride microresonator
journal, January 2018
- Imany, Poolad; Jaramillo-Villegas, Jose A.; Odele, Ogaga D.
- Optics Express, Vol. 26, Issue 2
Hiding Single Photons with Spread Spectrum Technology
journal, June 2010
- Belthangady, Chinmay; Chuu, Chih-Sung; Yu, Ite A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 22
Bandwidth manipulation of quantum light by an electro-optic time lens
journal, November 2016
- Karpiński, Michał; Jachura, Michał; Wright, Laura J.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 11, Issue 1
A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics
journal, January 2001
- Knill, E.; Laflamme, R.; Milburn, G. J.
- Nature, Vol. 409, Issue 6816
Prescription for experimental determination of the dynamics of a quantum black box
journal, November 1997
- Chuang, Isaac L.; Nielsen, M. A.
- Journal of Modern Optics, Vol. 44, Issue 11-12
Frequency-domain Hong–Ou–Mandel interference with linear optics
journal, January 2018
- Imany, Poolad; Odele, Ogaga D.; Alshaykh, Mohammed S.
- Optics Letters, Vol. 43, Issue 12
Broadband source of telecom-band polarization-entangled photon-pairs for wavelength-multiplexed entanglement distribution
journal, January 2008
- Lim, Han Chuen; Yoshizawa, Akio; Tsuchida, Hidemi
- Optics Express, Vol. 16, Issue 20
Shaping frequency-entangled qudits
journal, September 2013
- Bernhard, Christof; Bessire, Bänz; Feurer, Thomas
- Physical Review A, Vol. 88, Issue 3
Electronically programmable photonic molecule
journal, December 2018
- Zhang, Mian; Wang, Cheng; Hu, Yaowen
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 13, Issue 1
Electro-Optic Frequency Beam Splitters and Tritters for High-Fidelity Photonic Quantum Information Processing
journal, January 2018
- Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Lukens, Joseph M.; Peters, Nicholas A.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 3
Principles of Magnetic Resonance
book, January 1990
- Slichter, Charles P.
- Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences
On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control
journal, June 2017
- Kues, Michael; Reimer, Christian; Roztocki, Piotr
- Nature, Vol. 546, Issue 7660
Quantum Information Processing With Frequency-Comb Qudits
journal, December 2019
- Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Weiner, Andrew M.; Lougovski, Pavel
- IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 23
Electro-Optic Modulation of Single Photons
journal, September 2008
- Kolchin, Pavel; Belthangady, Chinmay; Du, Shengwang
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 10
Dispersion sensitivity of amplitude and phase modulated time-energy entangled photons
conference, May 2013
- Bernhard, C.; Bessire, B.; Stefanov, A.
- 2013 Conference on Lasers & Electro-Optics Europe & International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC
Not a Miracle: Our Knowledge of God’s Signs and Wonders
journal, January 2016
- Ramelow, Anselm
- Nova et vetera, Vol. 14, Issue 2
Temporal cloaking for data suppression and retrieval
journal, January 2014
- Lukens, Joseph M.; Metcalf, Andrew J.; Leaird, Daniel E.
- Optica, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Integration of Operability Framework and Pareto Optimal Front to Calculate Optimal Condition of Ethane Cracking Process
journal, September 2020
- Farsi, M.
- Sustainable Chemical Engineering
Works referencing / citing this record:
Temporal distinguishability in Hong-Ou-Mandel interference: Generation and characterization of high-dimensional frequency entanglement
text, January 2020
- Chen, Yuanyuan; Ecker, Sebastian; Chen, Lixiang
- arXiv