Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits

Lu, Hsuan-Hao; Simmerman, Emma M.; Lougovski, Pavel; Weiner, Andrew M.; Lukens, Joseph M.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503

Title: Fully Arbitrary Control of Frequency-Bin Qubits

Journal Article · 14 September 2020 · Physical Review Letters

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.125.120503 · OSTI ID:1661226

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Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States). Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Inst.
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Amazon Web Services, Seattle, WA (United States)

Accurate control of two-level systems is a longstanding problem in quantum mechanics. One such quantum system is the frequency-bin qubit: a single photon existing in superposition of two discrete frequency modes. In this Letter, we demonstrate fully arbitrary control of frequency-bin qubits in a quantum frequency processor for the first time. Furthermore, we numerically establish optimal settings for multiple configurations of electro-optic phase modulators and pulse shapers, experimentally confirming near-unity mode-transformation fidelity for all fundamental rotations. Performance at the single-photon level is validated through the rotation of a single frequency-bin qubit to 41 points spread over the entire Bloch sphere, as well as tracking of the state path followed by the output of a tunable frequency beam splitter, with Bayesian tomography confirming state fidelities Fρ>0.98 for all cases. Overall, such high-fidelity transformations expand the practical potential of frequency encoding in quantum communications, offering exceptional precision and low noise in general qubit manipulation.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; 1839191-ECCS

OSTI ID:: 1661226

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Vol. 125, Issue 12; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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