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Title: Ion diffusion coefficients in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for energy conversion and biosensing: role of side-chain length and microstructure

Abstract

Conductive polymers are promising materials as active elements for energy storage and conversion devices due to mixed ion–electron conduction. The ion diffusion coefficient is a relative measure of the efficacy of ion transport, allowing for comparison between materials and electrochemical conditions. In this work, diffusion coefficients of hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) counterions in poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) materials are measured as a function of both side-chain length and microstructure using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For semi-crystalline films, the diffusion coefficient is found to be anomalous and nearly independent of applied electrochemical potential. Here, the anomalous behavior of diffusion indicates that spin casting yields compact films with an enthalpic barrier to ion transport, attributed to ionic trapping. Diffusion coefficient values ~10–11 cm2 s–1 were measured for all films, indicating interchain spacing, in the absence of strong intermolecular interactions with the electrolyte, is not a viable design strategy to control ion transport. For the prototypical system of poly(3-hexylthiophene), we observe almost no potential dependence in ion transport for regioregular and regiorandom films of comparable molecular weight, with both exhibiting anomalous diffusion. Alternatively, changing the microstructure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) to a mostly amorphous, ion-imprinted structure yields ~500× increase in the diffusion coefficient to ~2 × 10–8 cm2 s–1more » at 0.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+ with behavior closer to ordinary diffusion. Collectively, these results indicate new insight into ion transport in conductive polymers, where ionic trapping effects can be mitigated through electrodeposition protocols over post-synthesis processing (i.e. spin coating).« less

Authors:
 [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
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  1. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1660398
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1660481
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0020208; AC02-76SF00515
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of Materials Chemistry C
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 38; Related Information: http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/d0/tc/d0tc03690k/d0tc03690k1.pdf; Journal ID: ISSN 2050-7526
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
14 SOLAR ENERGY; 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Charge transport; anomalous diffusion; interchain spacings; conductive polymers

Citation Formats

Harris, Jonathan K., and Ratcliff, Erin L. Ion diffusion coefficients in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for energy conversion and biosensing: role of side-chain length and microstructure. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1039/d0tc03690k.
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Harris, Jonathan K., & Ratcliff, Erin L. Ion diffusion coefficients in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for energy conversion and biosensing: role of side-chain length and microstructure. United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03690k
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Harris, Jonathan K., and Ratcliff, Erin L. Tue . "Ion diffusion coefficients in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for energy conversion and biosensing: role of side-chain length and microstructure". United States. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0tc03690k. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1660398.
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@article{osti_1660398,
title = {Ion diffusion coefficients in poly(3-alkylthiophenes) for energy conversion and biosensing: role of side-chain length and microstructure},
author = {Harris, Jonathan K. and Ratcliff, Erin L.},
abstractNote = {Conductive polymers are promising materials as active elements for energy storage and conversion devices due to mixed ion–electron conduction. The ion diffusion coefficient is a relative measure of the efficacy of ion transport, allowing for comparison between materials and electrochemical conditions. In this work, diffusion coefficients of hexafluorophosphate (PF6–) counterions in poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) materials are measured as a function of both side-chain length and microstructure using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For semi-crystalline films, the diffusion coefficient is found to be anomalous and nearly independent of applied electrochemical potential. Here, the anomalous behavior of diffusion indicates that spin casting yields compact films with an enthalpic barrier to ion transport, attributed to ionic trapping. Diffusion coefficient values ~10–11 cm2 s–1 were measured for all films, indicating interchain spacing, in the absence of strong intermolecular interactions with the electrolyte, is not a viable design strategy to control ion transport. For the prototypical system of poly(3-hexylthiophene), we observe almost no potential dependence in ion transport for regioregular and regiorandom films of comparable molecular weight, with both exhibiting anomalous diffusion. Alternatively, changing the microstructure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) to a mostly amorphous, ion-imprinted structure yields ~500× increase in the diffusion coefficient to ~2 × 10–8 cm2 s–1 at 0.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+ with behavior closer to ordinary diffusion. Collectively, these results indicate new insight into ion transport in conductive polymers, where ionic trapping effects can be mitigated through electrodeposition protocols over post-synthesis processing (i.e. spin coating).},
doi = {10.1039/d0tc03690k},
journal = {Journal of Materials Chemistry C},
number = 38,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {2020},
month = {9}
}
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