Decays as Sensitive Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality
Abstract
Nuclear $$\textit{β}$$ decays as well as the decay of the neutron are well-established low-energy probes of physics beyond the standard model (SM). In particular, with the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon $$g_A$$ determined from lattice QCD, the comparison between experiment and SM prediction is commonly used to derive constraints on right-handed currents. Further, in addition to the CKM element $$V_{us}$$ from kaon decays, $$V_{ud}$$ from $$\textit{β}$$ decays is a critical input for the test of CKM unitarity. Here, we point out that the available information on $$\textit{β}$$ decays can be reinterpreted as a stringent test of lepton flavor universality (LFU). In fact, we find that the ratio of $$V_{us}$$ from kaon decays over $$V_{us}$$ from $$\textit{β}$$ decays (assuming CKM unitarity) is extremely sensitive to LFU violation (LFUV) in $$W_{-μ-ν}$$ couplings thanks to a CKM enhancement by $$(V_{ud}/V_{us})^2$$ ~20. From this perspective, recent hints for the violation of CKM unitarity can be viewed as further evidence for LFUV, fitting into the existing picture exhibited by semileptonic $$\textit{B}$$ decays and the anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron. Finally, we comment on the future sensitivity that can be reached with this LFU violating observable and discuss complementary probes of LFU that may reach a similar level of precision, such as $$\Gamma(π → μν)/\Gamma(π → eν)$$ at the PEN and PiENu experiments or even direct measurements of $$\textit{W → μν}$$ at an FCC-ee.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1659362
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1799989
- Grant/Contract Number:
- FG02-00ER41132
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Volume: 125 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Physics
Citation Formats
Crivellin, Andreas, and Hoferichter, Martin. β Decays as Sensitive Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.111801.
Crivellin, Andreas, & Hoferichter, Martin. β Decays as Sensitive Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.111801
Crivellin, Andreas, and Hoferichter, Martin. Thu .
"β Decays as Sensitive Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.111801.
@article{osti_1659362,
title = {β Decays as Sensitive Probes of Lepton Flavor Universality},
author = {Crivellin, Andreas and Hoferichter, Martin},
abstractNote = {Nuclear $\textit{β}$ decays as well as the decay of the neutron are well-established low-energy probes of physics beyond the standard model (SM). In particular, with the axial-vector coupling of the nucleon $g_A$ determined from lattice QCD, the comparison between experiment and SM prediction is commonly used to derive constraints on right-handed currents. Further, in addition to the CKM element $V_{us}$ from kaon decays, $V_{ud}$ from $\textit{β}$ decays is a critical input for the test of CKM unitarity. Here, we point out that the available information on $\textit{β}$ decays can be reinterpreted as a stringent test of lepton flavor universality (LFU). In fact, we find that the ratio of $V_{us}$ from kaon decays over $V_{us}$ from $\textit{β}$ decays (assuming CKM unitarity) is extremely sensitive to LFU violation (LFUV) in $W_{-μ-ν}$ couplings thanks to a CKM enhancement by $(V_{ud}/V_{us})^2$ ~20. From this perspective, recent hints for the violation of CKM unitarity can be viewed as further evidence for LFUV, fitting into the existing picture exhibited by semileptonic $\textit{B}$ decays and the anomalous magnetic moments of muon and electron. Finally, we comment on the future sensitivity that can be reached with this LFU violating observable and discuss complementary probes of LFU that may reach a similar level of precision, such as $\Gamma(π → μν)/\Gamma(π → eν)$ at the PEN and PiENu experiments or even direct measurements of $\textit{W → μν}$ at an FCC-ee.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.111801},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 11,
volume = 125,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Thu Sep 10 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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Semileptonic decays of light quarks beyond the Standard Model
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Global Fit to Modified Neutrino Couplings and the Cabibbo-Angle Anomaly
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Pion beta decay and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity
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Design of the magnet system of the neutron decay facility PERC
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Reduced Hadronic Uncertainty in the Determination of
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Global fit to b → cτν transitions
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FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2
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S EMILEPTONIC H YPERON D ECAYS
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The Nab experiment: A precision measurement of unpolarized neutron beta decay
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Dimension-six terms in the Standard Model Lagrangian
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Measurement of the Neutron Lifetime with Ultracold Neutrons Stored in a Magneto-Gravitational Trap
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Prospects for rare and forbidden hyperon decays at BESIII
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Исследования распада в эксперименте ОКА, "Письма в Журнал экспериментальной и теоретической физики"
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New ways to search for right-handed current in decay
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Refinements in electroweak contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment
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A new evaluation of the hadronic vacuum polarisation contributions to the muon anomalous magnetic moment and to $$\varvec{\alpha }({{\varvec{m}}}_{{\varvec{Z}}}^2)$$α(mZ2)
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Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment reexamined
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Precision tau physics
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Prospects for measurements with strange hadrons at LHCb
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