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Title: Perturbative thermal QCD: Formalism and applications

Abstract

In this review article, we discuss the current status and future prospects of perturbation theory as a means of studying the equilibrium thermodynamic and near-equilibrium transport properties of deconfined QCD matter. We begin with a brief introduction to the general topic, after which we review in some detail the foundations and modern techniques of the real- and imaginary-time formalisms of thermal field theory, covering e.g. the different bases used in the real-time formalism and the resummations required to deal with soft and collinear contributions. After this, we discuss the current status of applications of these techniques, including topics such as electromagnetic rates, transport coefficients, jet quenching, heavy quarks and quarkonia, and the Equations of State of hot quark–gluon plasma as well as cold and dense quark matter. Finally, we conclude with our view of the future directions of the field, i.e. how we anticipate perturbative calculations to contribute to our collective understanding of strongly interacting matter in the coming years.

Authors:
ORCiD logo; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Kent State Univ., Kent, OH (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); European Research Council (ERC); Academy of Finland
OSTI Identifier:
1658664
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1851805
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0013470; 725369; 1322507
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Physics Reports
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Physics Reports Journal Volume: 880 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0370-1573
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
Netherlands
Language:
English
Subject:
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; quantum chromodynamics; thermal field theory; perturbation theory; real-time formalism; imaginary-time formalism

Citation Formats

Ghiglieri, Jacopo, Kurkela, Aleksi, Strickland, Michael, and Vuorinen, Aleksi. Perturbative thermal QCD: Formalism and applications. Netherlands: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2020.07.004.
Ghiglieri, Jacopo, Kurkela, Aleksi, Strickland, Michael, & Vuorinen, Aleksi. Perturbative thermal QCD: Formalism and applications. Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2020.07.004
Ghiglieri, Jacopo, Kurkela, Aleksi, Strickland, Michael, and Vuorinen, Aleksi. Thu . "Perturbative thermal QCD: Formalism and applications". Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physrep.2020.07.004.
@article{osti_1658664,
title = {Perturbative thermal QCD: Formalism and applications},
author = {Ghiglieri, Jacopo and Kurkela, Aleksi and Strickland, Michael and Vuorinen, Aleksi},
abstractNote = {In this review article, we discuss the current status and future prospects of perturbation theory as a means of studying the equilibrium thermodynamic and near-equilibrium transport properties of deconfined QCD matter. We begin with a brief introduction to the general topic, after which we review in some detail the foundations and modern techniques of the real- and imaginary-time formalisms of thermal field theory, covering e.g. the different bases used in the real-time formalism and the resummations required to deal with soft and collinear contributions. After this, we discuss the current status of applications of these techniques, including topics such as electromagnetic rates, transport coefficients, jet quenching, heavy quarks and quarkonia, and the Equations of State of hot quark–gluon plasma as well as cold and dense quark matter. Finally, we conclude with our view of the future directions of the field, i.e. how we anticipate perturbative calculations to contribute to our collective understanding of strongly interacting matter in the coming years.},
doi = {10.1016/j.physrep.2020.07.004},
journal = {Physics Reports},
number = C,
volume = 880,
place = {Netherlands},
year = {2020},
month = {10}
}

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  • Kajantie, K.; Krššák, Martin; Vuorinen, Aleksi
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2013)140

Color instabilities in the quark–gluon plasma
journal, April 2017


Quark number susceptibilities from HTL-resummed thermodynamics
journal, December 2001


Heavy-ion collisions at the LHC
journal, July 2014


Four-loop pressure of massless O ( N ) scalar field theory
journal, April 2007


The QCD phase diagram at nonzero quark density
journal, April 2011

  • Endrődi, G.; Fodor, Z.; Katz, S. D.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP04(2011)001

Phenomenological QCD equation of state for massive neutron stars
journal, February 2015


Hard-Thermal-Loop Resummation of the Free Energy of a Hot Gluon Plasma
journal, September 1999


Study of the gluon propagator in the large-Nf limit at finite temperature and chemical potential for weak and strong couplings
journal, September 2006


Hard scattering factorization from effective field theory
journal, July 2002


Heavy quark diffusion in strongly coupled N = 4 Yang-Mills theory
journal, October 2006


Pressure of the standard model at high temperatures
journal, January 2006


N f 3 g 6 term in the pressure of hot QCD
journal, November 2009


Quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions: An open quantum system approach
journal, August 2017


Massive vector current correlator in thermal QCD
journal, November 2012


Static correlation lengths in QCD at high temperatures and finite densities
journal, October 2000


Three-loop HTL gluon thermodynamics at intermediate coupling
journal, August 2010

  • Andersen, Jens O.; Strickland, Michael; Su, Nan
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP08(2010)113

Heavy quark thermalization in classical lattice gauge theory: lessons for strongly-coupled QCD
journal, May 2009


Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

  • Gale, Charles; Jeon, Sangyong; Schenke, BjÖRn
  • International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 28, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1142/S0217751X13400113

A thermal neutrino interaction rate at NLO
journal, January 2020


High-precision epsilon expansions of single-mass-scale four-loop vacuum bubbles
journal, June 2005


Induced gluon radiation in a QCD medium
journal, February 1995


Thermal right-handed neutrino production rate in the relativistic regime
journal, August 2013


GeV-scale hot sterile neutrino oscillations: a derivation of evolution equations
journal, May 2017


Quantum chromodynamics at high temperature
journal, February 1979


The quark–gluon plasma: collective dynamics and hard thermal loops
journal, March 2002


Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics
journal, March 2005


Quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures
journal, November 2013


Gravitational wave background from Standard Model physics: qualitative features
journal, July 2015


Dimensionally regularized Polyakov loop correlators in hot QCD
journal, January 2010

  • Burnier, Y.; Laine, M.; Vepsäläinen, M.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP01(2010)054

Polyakov loop at next-to-next-to-leading order
journal, February 2016


Gluon plasma frequency — the next-to-leading order term
journal, January 1994


Equation of state of hot and dense QCD: resummed perturbation theory confronts lattice data
journal, December 2013

  • Mogliacci, Sylvain; Andersen, Jens O.; Strickland, Michael
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2013)055

Pressure of the Standard Model near the electroweak phase transition
journal, March 2006


An effective field theory for collinear and soft gluons: Heavy to light decays
journal, May 2001


On-shell effective field theory: A systematic tool to compute power corrections to the hard thermal loops
journal, July 2016


Renormalization group improved pressure for cold and dense QCD
journal, December 2019

  • Kneur, Jean-Loïc; Pinto, Marcus Benghi; Restrepo, Tulio Eduardo
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.100.114006

The errant life of a heavy quark in the quark–gluon plasma
journal, March 2011


Chemical Equilibration in Hadronic Collisions
journal, April 2019


Quark mass thresholds in QCD thermodynamics
journal, April 2006


Approach to Equilibrium in Weakly Coupled Non-Abelian Plasmas
journal, October 2014


Standard Model thermodynamics across the electroweak crossover
journal, July 2015


Apparent Thermalization due to Plasma Instabilities in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
journal, February 2005


Shear Viscosity in the O( N ) Model
journal, February 2004


The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
journal, November 2010

  • Borsányi, Szabolcs; Endrődi, Gergely; Fodor, Zoltán
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP11(2010)077

Polyakov loop and correlator of Polyakov loops at next-to-next-to-leading order
journal, October 2010


Four-loop screened perturbation theory
journal, October 2008


Parton energy loss and momentum broadening at NLO in high temperature QCD plasmas
journal, November 2015

  • Ghiglieri, Jacopo; Teaney, Derek
  • International Journal of Modern Physics E, Vol. 24, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1142/S0218301315300131

Effective lagrangians for bound state problems in QED, QCD, and other field theories
journal, February 1986


Calculation of the quark damping rate in hot QCD
journal, August 1992


Fermionic dispersion relations in ultradegenerate relativistic plasmas beyond leading logarithmic order
journal, April 2005


Two-loop hard thermal loop pressure at finite temperature and chemical potential
journal, May 2013


Hard thermal QCD, forward scattering and effective actions
journal, April 1992


Soft amplitudes in hot gauge theories: A general analysis
journal, June 1990


Intermediate distance correlators in hot Yang-Mills theory
journal, December 2010

  • Laine, M.; Vepsäläinen, M.; Vuorinen, A.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2010, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2010)078

Transport coefficients from in-medium quarkonium dynamics
journal, September 2019


Renormalized gauge propagator in hot gauge theories
journal, May 1989


Plaquette expectation value and gluon condensate in three dimensions
journal, January 2005


Quark number susceptibilities of hot QCD up to g 6 ln g
journal, April 2003


Thermal width and quarkonium dissociation by inelastic parton scattering
journal, May 2013

  • Brambilla, Nora; Escobedo, Miguel Ángel; Ghiglieri, Jacopo
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2013)130

Next-to-leading order thermal photon production in a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma
journal, May 2013

  • Ghiglieri, Jacopo; Hong, Juhee; Kurkela, Aleksi
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2013)010

High-temperature Yang-Mills theories and three-dimensional quantum chromodynamics
journal, May 1981


Next-to-Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order Pressure of Cold Quark Matter: Leading Logarithm
journal, November 2018


Hard thermal loops in the real-time formalism
journal, April 2009


Gauge dependence identities and their application at finite temperature
journal, May 1991


On the smallest screening masses in hot QCD
journal, September 2009


Collective modes and instabilities in anisotropically expanding ultrarelativistic plasmas
journal, April 2010


Light-cone Wilson loop in classical lattice gauge theory
journal, July 2013


An effective field theory for non-relativistic Majorana neutrinos
journal, December 2013

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  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP12(2013)028

Fully quantum treatment of the Landau-Pomeranchik-Migdal effect in QED and QCD
journal, June 1996

  • Zakharov, B. G.
  • Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 12
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Asymptotic thermal quark masses and the entropy of QCD in the large- N f limit
journal, December 2005


Finiteness of hot classical scalar field theory and the plasmon damping rate
journal, February 1997


Introduction to hydrodynamics
journal, October 2015


Thermal axion production
journal, January 2014

  • Salvio, Alberto; Strumia, Alessandro; Xue, Wei
  • Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 01
  • DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2014/01/011

Three-loop HTL QCD thermodynamics
journal, August 2011

  • Andersen, Jens O.; Leganger, Lars E.; Strickland, Michael
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2011, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP08(2011)053

Transport coefficients in large N f gauge theories with massive fermions
journal, March 2005


Constraints on the reheating temperature in gravitino dark matter scenarios
journal, May 2007


The diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibility of high temperature and finite density QCD
journal, April 2008


Self-consistent hard-thermal-loop thermodynamics for the quark-gluon plasma
journal, December 1999


Photon emission from quark-gluon plasma out of equilibrium
journal, January 2018


Potential NRQCD: an effective theory for heavy quarkonium
journal, January 2000


Infrared problem in the thermodynamics of the Yang-Mills gas
journal, November 1980


Quark number susceptibilities from resummed perturbation theory
journal, April 2013


Advances in perturbative thermal field theory
journal, February 2004


Generic rules for high temperature dimensional reduction and their application to the standard model
journal, January 1996


Comparing different hard-thermal-loop approaches to quark number susceptibilities
journal, April 2003


Heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient from lattice QCD
journal, January 2012


Renormalization of the cyclic Wilson loop
journal, March 2013

  • Berwein, Matthias; Brambilla, Nora; Ghiglieri, Jacopo
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP03(2013)069

Brownian Motion of a Quantum Oscillator
journal, May 1961

  • Schwinger, Julian
  • Journal of Mathematical Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1703727

Diagonal and off-diagonal quark number susceptibilities at high temperatures
journal, October 2015


Fermions and gauge vector mesons at finite temperature and density. III. The ground-state energy of a relativistic quark gas
journal, August 1977


Polyakov loop in 2 + 1 flavor QCD from low to high temperatures
journal, June 2016


Gauge invariant definition of the jet quenching parameter
journal, February 2013

  • Benzke, Michael; Brambilla, Nora; Escobedo, Miguel A.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2013, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP02(2013)129

Two-loop QCD gauge coupling at high temperatures
journal, March 2005


Photon and gluon emission in relativistic plasmas
journal, June 2002


Three-loop HTLpt thermodynamics at finite temperature and chemical potential
journal, May 2014

  • Haque, Najmul; Bandyopadhyay, Aritra; Andersen, Jens O.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2014)027

Classical fields near thermal equilibrium
journal, January 1997


Right-handed neutrino production rate at T > 160 GeV
journal, December 2014


Towards generating a new supernova equation of state: A systematic analysis of cold hybrid stars
journal, November 2016

  • Heinimann, Oliver; Hempel, Matthias; Thielemann, Friedrich-Karl
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 10
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A local Langevin equation for slow long-distance modes of hot non-Abelian gauge fields
journal, September 2001


Hard-loop effective action for anisotropic plasmas
journal, July 2004

  • Mrówczyński, Stanisław; Rebhan, Anton; Strickland, Michael
  • Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 2
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