Effects of retarded electrical fields on observables sensitive to the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Wei, Gao-Feng; Li, Bao-An; Yong, Gao-Chan; Ou, Li; Cao, Xin-Wei; Liu, Xu-Yang

doi:10.1103/physrevc.97.034620

Title: Effects of retarded electrical fields on observables sensitive to the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

Journal Article · 26 March 2018 · Physical Review C

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.97.034620 · OSTI ID:1658220

Wei, Gao-Feng ^[1];

^[2]; Yong, Gao-Chan ^[3]; Ou, Li ^[4]; Cao, Xin-Wei ^[5]; Liu, Xu-Yang ^[6]

Xi'an Univ. of Arts and Science, Xi'an (China); Texas A&M University-Commerce
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)
Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou (China)
Guangxi Normal Univ., Guilin (China); Guangxi Key Lab. Breeding Base of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Guilin (China)
Xi'an Univ. of Arts and Science, Xi'an (China)
Bohai Univ., Jinzhou (China)

Within the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model IBUU11, we examine here the relativistic retardation effects of electrical fields on the π^- / π⁺ ratio and neutron-proton differential transverse flow in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies. Compared to the static Coulomb fields, the retarded electric fields of fast-moving charges are known to be anisotropic and the associated relativistic corrections can be significant. They are found to increase the number of energetic protons in the participant region at the maximum compression by as much as 25% but that of energetic neutrons by less than 10% in ¹⁹⁷Au + ¹⁹⁷Au reactions at a beam energy of 400 MeV/nucleon. Consequently, more π⁺ and relatively fewer π^- mesons are produced, leading to an appreciable reduction of the π^- / π⁺ ratio compared to calculations with the static Coulomb fields. Also, the neutron-proton differential transverse flow, as another sensitive probe of high-density symmetry energy, is also decreased appreciably due to the stronger retarded electrical fields in directions perpendicular to the velocities of fast-moving charges compared to calculations using the isotropic static electrical fields. Moreover, the retardation effects on these observables are found to be approximately independent of the reaction impact parameter.

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Research Organization:: Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC); Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0013702; SC0009971

OSTI ID:: 1658220

Journal Information:: Physical Review C, Journal Name: Physical Review C Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 97; ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Title: Effects of retarded electrical fields on observables sensitive to the high-density behavior of the nuclear symmetry energy in heavy-ion collisions at intermediate energies

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