DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: A conductive metal–organic framework photoanode

Abstract

We report the development of photosensitizing arrays based on conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that enable light harvesting and efficient charge separation. Zn2TTFTB (TTFTB = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) MOFs are deposited directly onto TiO2 photoanodes and structurally characterized by pXRD and EXAFS measurements. Photoinduced interfacial charge transfer dynamics are investigated by combining time-resolved THz spectroscopy and quantum dynamics simulations. Sub-600 fs electron injection into TiO2 is observed for Zn2TTFTB–TiO2 and is compared to the corresponding dynamics for TTFTB–TiO2 analogues that lack the extended MOF architecture. Rapid electron injection from the MOF into TiO2 is enhanced by facile migration of the hole away from the interfacial region. Holes migrate through strongly coupled HOMO orbitals localized on the tetrathiafulvalene cores of the columnar stacks of the MOF, whereas electrons are less easily transferred through the spiral staircase arrangement of phenyl substituents of the MOF. The reported findings suggest that conductive MOFs could be exploited as novel photosensitizing arrays in applications to slow, and thereby make difficult, photocatalytic reactions such as those required for water-splitting in artificial photosynthesis.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
  1. Department of Chemistry and Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
  2. Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1651158
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1800439
Grant/Contract Number:  
FG02-07ER15909
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Chemical Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Chemical Science Journal Volume: 11 Journal Issue: 35; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-6520
Publisher:
Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Pattengale, Brian, Freeze, Jessica G., Guberman-Pfeffer, Matthew J., Okabe, Ryotaro, Ostresh, Sarah, Chaudhuri, Subhajyoti, Batista, Victor S., and Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. A conductive metal–organic framework photoanode. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1039/D0SC04302H.
Pattengale, Brian, Freeze, Jessica G., Guberman-Pfeffer, Matthew J., Okabe, Ryotaro, Ostresh, Sarah, Chaudhuri, Subhajyoti, Batista, Victor S., & Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. A conductive metal–organic framework photoanode. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC04302H
Pattengale, Brian, Freeze, Jessica G., Guberman-Pfeffer, Matthew J., Okabe, Ryotaro, Ostresh, Sarah, Chaudhuri, Subhajyoti, Batista, Victor S., and Schmuttenmaer, Charles A. Wed . "A conductive metal–organic framework photoanode". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC04302H.
@article{osti_1651158,
title = {A conductive metal–organic framework photoanode},
author = {Pattengale, Brian and Freeze, Jessica G. and Guberman-Pfeffer, Matthew J. and Okabe, Ryotaro and Ostresh, Sarah and Chaudhuri, Subhajyoti and Batista, Victor S. and Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.},
abstractNote = {We report the development of photosensitizing arrays based on conductive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) that enable light harvesting and efficient charge separation. Zn2TTFTB (TTFTB = tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate) MOFs are deposited directly onto TiO2 photoanodes and structurally characterized by pXRD and EXAFS measurements. Photoinduced interfacial charge transfer dynamics are investigated by combining time-resolved THz spectroscopy and quantum dynamics simulations. Sub-600 fs electron injection into TiO2 is observed for Zn2TTFTB–TiO2 and is compared to the corresponding dynamics for TTFTB–TiO2 analogues that lack the extended MOF architecture. Rapid electron injection from the MOF into TiO2 is enhanced by facile migration of the hole away from the interfacial region. Holes migrate through strongly coupled HOMO orbitals localized on the tetrathiafulvalene cores of the columnar stacks of the MOF, whereas electrons are less easily transferred through the spiral staircase arrangement of phenyl substituents of the MOF. The reported findings suggest that conductive MOFs could be exploited as novel photosensitizing arrays in applications to slow, and thereby make difficult, photocatalytic reactions such as those required for water-splitting in artificial photosynthesis.},
doi = {10.1039/D0SC04302H},
journal = {Chemical Science},
number = 35,
volume = 11,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Wed Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Sep 16 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1039/D0SC04302H

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Photoinduced electron transfer in supramolecular systems for artificial photosynthesis
journal, May 1992

  • Wasielewski, Michael R.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 92, Issue 3, p. 435-461
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr00011a005

ATHENA , ARTEMIS , HEPHAESTUS : data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using IFEFFIT
journal, June 2005


Straightforward access to aryl-substituted tetrathiafulvalenes by palladium-catalysed direct C–H arylation and their photophysical and electrochemical properties
journal, January 2011

  • Mitamura, Yukihiro; Yorimitsu, Hideki; Oshima, Koichiro
  • Chemical Science, Vol. 2, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00372k

Sensitized Hole Injection of Phosphorus Porphyrin into NiO:  Toward New Photovoltaic Devices
journal, December 2005

  • Borgström, Magnus; Blart, Errol; Boschloo, Gerrit
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 48
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp054034a

Electrochemical Photolysis of Water at a Semiconductor Electrode
journal, July 1972

  • Fujishima, Akira; Honda, Kenichi
  • Nature, Vol. 238, Issue 5358, p. 37-38
  • DOI: 10.1038/238037a0

Control of Charge Recombination Dynamics in Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by the Use of Conformally Deposited Metal Oxide Blocking Layers
journal, January 2003

  • Palomares, Emilio; Clifford, John N.; Haque, Saif A.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja027945w

Light-Harvesting Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Efficient Strut-to-Strut Energy Transfer in Bodipy and Porphyrin-Based MOFs
journal, October 2011

  • Lee, Chang Yeon; Farha, Omar K.; Hong, Bong Jin
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 133, Issue 40, p. 15858-15861
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja206029a

Conductive two-dimensional metal–organic frameworks as multifunctional materials
journal, January 2018

  • Ko, Michael; Mendecki, Lukasz; Mirica, Katherine A.
  • Chemical Communications, Vol. 54, Issue 57
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8CC02871K

Electron Transfer from the Singlet and Triplet Excited States of Ru(dcbpy) 2 (NCS) 2 into Nanocrystalline TiO 2 Thin Films
journal, May 2002

  • Kallioinen, Jani; Benkö, Gábor; Sundström, Villy
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, Issue 17
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp0143443

Design Rules for Efficient Charge Transfer in Metal–Organic Framework Films: The Pore Size Effect
journal, January 2020

  • Cai, Meng; Loague, Quentin; Morris, Amanda J.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b03285

Ion and electron transport in stable, electroactive tetrathiafulvalene polymer coated electrodes
journal, January 1980

  • Kaufman, F. B.; Schroeder, A. H.; Engler, E. M.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 102, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja00522a007

Molecular mimicry of photosynthetic energy and electron transfer
journal, April 1993

  • Gust, Devens; Moore, Thomas A.; Moore, Ana L.
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 26, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar00028a010

Water-Splitting Chemistry of Photosystem II
journal, November 2006

  • McEvoy, James P.; Brudvig, Gary W.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 106, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr0204294

Local Field Effects on Electron Transport in Nanostructured TiO 2 Revealed by Terahertz Spectroscopy
journal, April 2006

  • Hendry, E.; Koeberg, M.; O'Regan, B.
  • Nano Letters, Vol. 6, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1021/nl0600225

Metal–organic framework materials as catalysts
journal, January 2009

  • Lee, JeongYong; Farha, Omar K.; Roberts, John
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 38, Issue 5, p. 1450-1459
  • DOI: 10.1039/b807080f

Artificial Photosynthesis: Solar Splitting of Water to Hydrogen and Oxygen
journal, March 1995

  • Bard, Allen J.; Fox, Marye Anne
  • Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 28, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1021/ar00051a007

Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation through a buried junction
journal, June 2018

  • Xu, Pengtao; Huang, Tian; Huang, Jianbin
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 27
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804728115

Carrier Localization and Cooling in Dye-Sensitized Nanocrystalline Titanium Dioxide
journal, November 2002

  • Turner, Gordon M.; Beard, Matthew C.; Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 106, Issue 45
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp025844e

Recombination and Transport Processes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Investigated under Working Conditions
journal, September 2006

  • Nissfolk, Jarl; Fredin, Kristofer; Hagfeldt, Anders
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 36
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp064046b

Molecular design of light-harvesting photosensitizers: effect of varied linker conjugation on interfacial electron transfer
journal, January 2016

  • Jiang, Jianbing; Swierk, John R.; Hedström, Svante
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1039/C6CP04377A

An overview of different strategies to introduce conductivity in metal–organic frameworks and miscellaneous applications thereof
journal, January 2018

  • Bhardwaj, Sanjeev K.; Bhardwaj, Neha; Kaur, Rajnish
  • Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 6, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8TA04220A

Frequency-Dependent Terahertz Transient Photoconductivity of Mesoporous SnO 2 Films
journal, July 2017

  • Regan, Kevin P.; Swierk, John R.; Neu, Jens
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 29
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b02318

Energy Conversion in Natural and Artificial Photosynthesis
journal, May 2010


Highly Efficient Ultrafast Electron Injection from the Singlet MLCT Excited State of Copper(I) Diimine Complexes to TiO 2 Nanoparticles
journal, November 2012

  • Huang, Jier; Buyukcakir, Onur; Mara, Michael W.
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 51, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201204341

Artificial photosynthesis – functional devices for light driven water splitting with photoactive anodes based on molecular catalysts
journal, January 2014

  • Gao, Yan; Zhang, Linlin; Ding, Xin
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 16, Issue 24
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3cp55204g

Spectroelectrochemistry of Electrogenerated Tetrathiafulvalene-Derivatized Poly(thiophenes):  Toward a Rational Design of Organic Conductors with Mixed Conduction
journal, October 1998

  • Huchet, Laurent; Akoudad, Said; Levillain, Eric
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 102, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp982593u

Enhanced Activity of Heterogeneous Pd(II) Catalysts on Acid-Functionalized Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, April 2019


Ruthenium( ii )-polypyridyl zirconium( iv ) metal–organic frameworks as a new class of sensitized solar cells
journal, January 2016

  • Maza, W. A.; Haring, A. J.; Ahrenholtz, S. R.
  • Chemical Science, Vol. 7, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1039/C5SC01565K

Conductivity of ZnO Nanowires, Nanoparticles, and Thin Films Using Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy
journal, December 2006

  • Baxter, Jason B.; Schmuttenmaer, Charles A.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 50
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp064399a

Electrochemistry of tetrathiafulvalene polymers
journal, December 1983

  • Inzelt, György; Chambers, James Q.; Kaufman, Frank B.
  • Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 159, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/S0022-0728(83)80640-8

Artificial photosynthesis for solar water-splitting
journal, July 2012

  • Tachibana, Yasuhiro; Vayssieres, Lionel; Durrant, James R.
  • Nature Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1038/nphoton.2012.175

Metal Organic Framework Catalysis: Quo vadis ?
journal, December 2013

  • Gascon, Jorge; Corma, Avelino; Kapteijn, Freek
  • ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 2, p. 361-378
  • DOI: 10.1021/cs400959k

Bis-1,3-dithiolium chloride: an unusually stable organic radical cation
journal, January 1970

  • Wudl, F.; Smith, G. M.; Hufnagel, E. J.
  • Journal of the Chemical Society D: Chemical Communications, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1039/c29700001453

Comparison of silatrane, phosphonic acid, and carboxylic acid functional groups for attachment of porphyrin sensitizers to TiO2 in photoelectrochemical cells
journal, January 2013

  • Brennan, Bradley J.; Llansola Portolés, Manuel J.; Liddell, Paul A.
  • Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 15, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52156g

Light-harvesting and energy transfer in ruthenium(II)-polypyridyl doped zirconium(IV) metal-organic frameworks: A look toward solar cell applications
journal, July 2017


Hydrogen Production by Molecular Photocatalysis
journal, October 2007

  • Esswein, Arthur J.; Nocera, Daniel G.
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr050193e

Analyses of Spectroelectrochemical Behavior of Polypyrrole Films Using the Nernst Equation
journal, January 1991

  • Amemiya, T.
  • Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Vol. 138, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1149/1.2085327

Catalysis by Metal Organic Frameworks: Perspective and Suggestions for Future Research
journal, January 2019


Electron Injection at Dye-Sensitized Semiconductor Electrodes
journal, May 2005


Real-Time Visualization of Active Species in a Single-Site Metal–Organic Framework Photocatalyst
journal, February 2018


Structure–Property Relationships in Phosphonate-Derivatized, Ru II Polypyridyl Dyes on Metal Oxide Surfaces in an Aqueous Environment
journal, July 2012

  • Hanson, Kenneth; Brennaman, M. Kyle; Ito, Akitaka
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 116, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp304088d

High Charge Mobility in a Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Microporous Metal–Organic Framework
journal, July 2012

  • Narayan, Tarun C.; Miyakai, Tomoyo; Seki, Shu
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 31
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja3059827

Cation-Dependent Intrinsic Electrical Conductivity in Isostructural Tetrathiafulvalene-Based Microporous Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, January 2015

  • Park, Sarah S.; Hontz, Eric R.; Sun, Lei
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 137, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja512437u

Improving the efficiency of water splitting in dye-sensitized solar cells by using a biomimetic electron transfer mediator
journal, April 2012

  • Zhao, Y.; Swierk, J. R.; Megiatto, J. D.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118339109

Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation
journal, November 2010

  • Chen, Xiaobo; Shen, Shaohua; Guo, Liejin
  • Chemical Reviews, Vol. 110, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1021/cr1001645

Controlling Plasmon-Induced Resonance Energy Transfer and Hot Electron Injection Processes in Metal@TiO 2 Core–Shell Nanoparticles
journal, June 2015

  • Cushing, Scott K.; Li, Jiangtian; Bright, Joeseph
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 28
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b03955

Catalytic Zirconium/Hafnium-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
journal, December 2016

  • Rimoldi, Martino; Howarth, Ashlee J.; DeStefano, Matthew R.
  • ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02923

The Role of Insulating Oxides in Blocking the Charge Carrier Recombination in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
journal, October 2013

  • Chandiran, Aravind Kumar; Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.; Grätzel, Michael
  • Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201302352

Photoassisted Overall Water Splitting in a Visible Light-Absorbing Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Cell
journal, January 2009

  • Youngblood, W. Justin; Lee, Seung-Hyun Anna; Kobayashi, Yoji
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 3, p. 926-927
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja809108y

Catalysis and photocatalysis by metal organic frameworks
journal, January 2018

  • Dhakshinamoorthy, Amarajothi; Li, Zhaohui; Garcia, Hermenegildo
  • Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 47, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1039/C8CS00256H

Intermolecular cascaded π-conjugation channels for electron delivery powering CO2 photoreduction
journal, March 2020


Improving Performance via Blocking Layers in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Nanowire Photoanodes
journal, March 2015

  • Li, Luping; Xu, Cheng; Zhao, Yang
  • ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 7, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02041

Slow charge recombination in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC) using Al2O3 coated nanoporous TiO2 films
journal, June 2002

  • Palomares, Emilio; Clifford, John N.; Haque, Saif A.
  • Chemical Communications, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1039/b202515a

A visible light water-splitting cell with a photoanode formed by codeposition of a high-potential porphyrin and an iridium water-oxidation catalyst
journal, January 2011

  • Moore, Gary F.; Blakemore, James D.; Milot, Rebecca L.
  • Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1039/c1ee01037a

Size-Dependent Electron Injection from Excited CdSe Quantum Dots into TiO 2 Nanoparticles
journal, April 2007

  • Robel, István; Kuno, Masaru; Kamat, Prashant V.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 129, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja070099a

Photodriven Oxidation of Surface-Bound Iridium-Based Molecular Water-Oxidation Catalysts on Perylene-3,4-dicarboximide-Sensitized TiO 2 Electrodes Protected by an Al 2 O 3 Layer
journal, February 2017

  • Kamire, Rebecca J.; Materna, Kelly L.; Hoffeditz, William L.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11672

Electron Injection from Photoexcited Metal–Organic Framework Ligands to Ru 2 Secondary Building Units for Visible-Light-Driven Hydrogen Evolution
journal, March 2018

  • Lan, Guangxu; Zhu, Yuan-Yuan; Veroneau, Samuel S.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 140, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b01601

Solvothermal Preparation of an Electrocatalytic Metalloporphyrin MOF Thin Film and its Redox Hopping Charge-Transfer Mechanism
journal, January 2014

  • Ahrenholtz, Spencer R.; Epley, Charity C.; Morris, Amanda J.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 136, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja410684q

Fluorene–Thiophene Copolymer Wire on TiO 2 : Mechanism Achieving Long Charge Separated State Lifetimes
journal, November 2017

  • Liu, Maning; Makuta, Satoshi; Tsuda, Susumu
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 121, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b07295

Ultrafast Photooxidation of Mn(II)−Terpyridine Complexes Covalently Attached to TiO 2 Nanoparticles
journal, July 2007

  • Abuabara, Sabas G.; Cady, Clyde W.; Baxter, Jason B.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 111, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp072380h

Mixed-Node Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
journal, September 2018


Direct Interfacial Electron Transfer from High-Potential Porphyrins into Semiconductor Surfaces: A Comparison of Linkers and Anchoring Groups
journal, December 2017

  • Jiang, Jianbing; Spies, Jacob A.; Swierk, John R.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 122, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b12405

Chemical approaches to artificial photosynthesis
journal, May 1989


Reduced interfacial recombination in dye-sensitized solar cells assisted with NiO:Eu3+,Tb3+ coated TiO2 film
journal, August 2016

  • Yao, Nannan; Huang, Jinzhao; Fu, Ke
  • Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/srep31123

The Chemistry and Applications of Metal-Organic Frameworks
journal, August 2013

  • Furukawa, H.; Cordova, K. E.; O'Keeffe, M.
  • Science, Vol. 341, Issue 6149, p. 1230444-1230444
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.1230444

Ultrafast Terahertz Conductivity Dynamics in Mesoporous TiO 2 : Influence of Dye Sensitization and Surface Treatment in Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
journal, December 2009

  • Tiwana, Priti; Parkinson, Patrick; Johnston, Michael B.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp908760r

Electrically Conductive Porous Metal-Organic Frameworks
journal, January 2016

  • Sun, Lei; Campbell, Michael G.; Dincă, Mircea
  • Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 55, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506219

Metal–Organic Framework Photoconductivity via Time-Resolved Terahertz Spectroscopy
journal, June 2019

  • Pattengale, Brian; Neu, Jens; Ostresh, Sarah
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 141, Issue 25
  • DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04338