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Title: Holocene paleoclimate change in the western US: The importance of chronology in discerning patterns and drivers

Abstract

We report sediment in lakes and meadows forms a powerful archive that can be used to reconstruct environmental change through time. Reconstructions of lake level, of chemical, biological, and hydrological conditions, and of surrounding vegetation provide detailed information about past climate conditions, both locally and regionally. Indeed, most of our current knowledge of centennial- to millennial-scale climate variability in the arid western United States, where information about past hydroclimate is particularly important, comes from such sediment-based reconstructions. The pressing need for robust, precise predictions of future conditions is a significant motivation for paleoclimate science, and current research questions frequently require Holocene reconstructions to be resolved at sub-centennial timescales. Increasingly, regional syntheses seek to identify synoptic-scale patterns similar to those defined from modern observations (seasonal, interannual, multi-decadal, etc.) or to compare with the output of climate model simulations. However, the age control on existing records, especially those more than about 20 years old, is often sufficient only for millennial-scale interpretation. Here we assess the age control for 84 published and unpublished records from lakes and meadows in the Great Basin, California, and desert southwest, and use Bayesian modeling to evaluate the 95% uncertainty ranges for the 42 best-dated records. In themore » Late Holocene, about half of the 42 records have <400-year mean uncertainty ranges; however, high-precision age control is especially critical for young records, used to develop an accurate understanding of a proxy’s response to known climate variations. In the Middle Holocene, records vary from 400 to >800-year mean uncertainty and records of the Early Holocene have 600- to >1400-year mean uncertainty ranges. We find that the largest control on modeled uncertainties is dating density, with at least 2 dates/kyr being optimal and suggest obtaining “range-finder” dates at the onset of a study to better predict the total number of dates needed for an adequate age model. Such a density avoids a commonly observed phenomenon of significant peaks in uncertainty arising in gaps between age control points. Analysis of the uncertainties associated with proxy shifts reveal that more than half are >400 years. Although such large uncertainties currently prevent sub-centennial interpretations in most cases, increased dating density, strategic use of limited funds (including budgeting for a 2 date/kyr minimum at the proposal stage), construction of age-depth models with Bayesian methods, and critical evaluation of chronological uncertainty will shed light on past climate variability at finer timescales, enhancing our understanding of global and regional drivers of western U.S. climate.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]
  1. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  2. US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
OSTI Identifier:
1901504
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1650389
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-807185
Journal ID: ISSN 0277-3791; 1012792
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344; LDRD-17-ERD-052
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Quaternary Science Reviews
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 246; Journal Issue: na; Journal ID: ISSN 0277-3791
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Holocene; paleoclimatology; chronology; western united states; lakes and meadows

Citation Formats

Zimmerman, Susan R.H., and Wahl, David B. Holocene paleoclimate change in the western US: The importance of chronology in discerning patterns and drivers. United States: N. p., 2022. Web. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106487.
Zimmerman, Susan R.H., & Wahl, David B. Holocene paleoclimate change in the western US: The importance of chronology in discerning patterns and drivers. United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106487
Zimmerman, Susan R.H., and Wahl, David B. Thu . "Holocene paleoclimate change in the western US: The importance of chronology in discerning patterns and drivers". United States. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106487. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1901504.
@article{osti_1901504,
title = {Holocene paleoclimate change in the western US: The importance of chronology in discerning patterns and drivers},
author = {Zimmerman, Susan R.H. and Wahl, David B.},
abstractNote = {We report sediment in lakes and meadows forms a powerful archive that can be used to reconstruct environmental change through time. Reconstructions of lake level, of chemical, biological, and hydrological conditions, and of surrounding vegetation provide detailed information about past climate conditions, both locally and regionally. Indeed, most of our current knowledge of centennial- to millennial-scale climate variability in the arid western United States, where information about past hydroclimate is particularly important, comes from such sediment-based reconstructions. The pressing need for robust, precise predictions of future conditions is a significant motivation for paleoclimate science, and current research questions frequently require Holocene reconstructions to be resolved at sub-centennial timescales. Increasingly, regional syntheses seek to identify synoptic-scale patterns similar to those defined from modern observations (seasonal, interannual, multi-decadal, etc.) or to compare with the output of climate model simulations. However, the age control on existing records, especially those more than about 20 years old, is often sufficient only for millennial-scale interpretation. Here we assess the age control for 84 published and unpublished records from lakes and meadows in the Great Basin, California, and desert southwest, and use Bayesian modeling to evaluate the 95% uncertainty ranges for the 42 best-dated records. In the Late Holocene, about half of the 42 records have <400-year mean uncertainty ranges; however, high-precision age control is especially critical for young records, used to develop an accurate understanding of a proxy’s response to known climate variations. In the Middle Holocene, records vary from 400 to >800-year mean uncertainty and records of the Early Holocene have 600- to >1400-year mean uncertainty ranges. We find that the largest control on modeled uncertainties is dating density, with at least 2 dates/kyr being optimal and suggest obtaining “range-finder” dates at the onset of a study to better predict the total number of dates needed for an adequate age model. Such a density avoids a commonly observed phenomenon of significant peaks in uncertainty arising in gaps between age control points. Analysis of the uncertainties associated with proxy shifts reveal that more than half are >400 years. Although such large uncertainties currently prevent sub-centennial interpretations in most cases, increased dating density, strategic use of limited funds (including budgeting for a 2 date/kyr minimum at the proposal stage), construction of age-depth models with Bayesian methods, and critical evaluation of chronological uncertainty will shed light on past climate variability at finer timescales, enhancing our understanding of global and regional drivers of western U.S. climate.},
doi = {10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106487},
journal = {Quaternary Science Reviews},
number = na,
volume = 246,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Aug 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022},
month = {Thu Aug 25 00:00:00 EDT 2022}
}

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