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Title: Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Isolate Specific Features of Additively Manufactured Microstructures in 304L Stainless Steel and Identify Their Effects on Macroscopic Strength

Abstract

Additive manufacturing of metal components results in unique microstructures with, necessarily, mechanical properties that are distinct from conventionally produced components. In this paper, four distinct microstructural features associated with directed energy deposition of 304L stainless steels, their stability, and their influences on flow strength were examined. These were (1) high dislocation density comparable with deformed materials, (2) increased ferrite content, (3) local chemical heterogeneity, and (4) tortuous grain morphology. In situ neutron diffraction measurements were used to monitor the evolution of the as-built microstructure during post-build heat treatment and relate the specific microstructural features to the strength behavior of the material following the heat treatment. The increased flow strength of the additively manufactured material relative to wrought counterparts is found to be due primarily to an increased dislocation density in the as-built material. However, the increased dislocation density does not completely account for the increased strength and it is hypothesized that some of the additional strength is related to the unique AM grain structure.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [4]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  2. Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  3. Queens Univ., Kingston, Ontario (Canada)
  4. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), Office of Defense Programs (DP)
OSTI Identifier:
1650149
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1688740
Report Number(s):
SAND-2020-7993J; LA-UR-18-27516
Journal ID: ISSN 1073-5623; 687839
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC04-94AL85000; 89233218CNA000001; NA0003525
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 50; Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 1073-5623
Publisher:
ASM International
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additive manufacture

Citation Formats

Brown, Donald William, Adams, D. P., Balogh, L., Carpenter, John S., Clausen, Bjorn, Livescu, Veronica, Martinez, Ramon Matthew, Morrow, Benjamin Mark, Palmer, T. A., Pokharel, Reeju, Strantza, M., and Vogel, S. C. Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Isolate Specific Features of Additively Manufactured Microstructures in 304L Stainless Steel and Identify Their Effects on Macroscopic Strength. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1007/s11661-019-05240-x.
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Brown, Donald William, Adams, D. P., Balogh, L., Carpenter, John S., Clausen, Bjorn, Livescu, Veronica, Martinez, Ramon Matthew, Morrow, Benjamin Mark, Palmer, T. A., Pokharel, Reeju, Strantza, M., & Vogel, S. C. Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Isolate Specific Features of Additively Manufactured Microstructures in 304L Stainless Steel and Identify Their Effects on Macroscopic Strength. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05240-x
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Brown, Donald William, Adams, D. P., Balogh, L., Carpenter, John S., Clausen, Bjorn, Livescu, Veronica, Martinez, Ramon Matthew, Morrow, Benjamin Mark, Palmer, T. A., Pokharel, Reeju, Strantza, M., and Vogel, S. C. Wed . "Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Isolate Specific Features of Additively Manufactured Microstructures in 304L Stainless Steel and Identify Their Effects on Macroscopic Strength". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05240-x. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1650149.
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@article{osti_1650149,
title = {Using In Situ Neutron Diffraction to Isolate Specific Features of Additively Manufactured Microstructures in 304L Stainless Steel and Identify Their Effects on Macroscopic Strength},
author = {Brown, Donald William and Adams, D. P. and Balogh, L. and Carpenter, John S. and Clausen, Bjorn and Livescu, Veronica and Martinez, Ramon Matthew and Morrow, Benjamin Mark and Palmer, T. A. and Pokharel, Reeju and Strantza, M. and Vogel, S. C.},
abstractNote = {Additive manufacturing of metal components results in unique microstructures with, necessarily, mechanical properties that are distinct from conventionally produced components. In this paper, four distinct microstructural features associated with directed energy deposition of 304L stainless steels, their stability, and their influences on flow strength were examined. These were (1) high dislocation density comparable with deformed materials, (2) increased ferrite content, (3) local chemical heterogeneity, and (4) tortuous grain morphology. In situ neutron diffraction measurements were used to monitor the evolution of the as-built microstructure during post-build heat treatment and relate the specific microstructural features to the strength behavior of the material following the heat treatment. The increased flow strength of the additively manufactured material relative to wrought counterparts is found to be due primarily to an increased dislocation density in the as-built material. However, the increased dislocation density does not completely account for the increased strength and it is hypothesized that some of the additional strength is related to the unique AM grain structure.},
doi = {10.1007/s11661-019-05240-x},
journal = {Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A, Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science},
number = 7,
volume = 50,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Wed May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-019-05240-x
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