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Title: First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X

Abstract

The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world record triple product. The paper focuses on the first physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components, in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral compression. The strike line shapes and locations change significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in very much the same way that codes had predicted they would. Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted areas also large, up to about 1.5 m2, which bodes well for future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the divertormore » were in general benign and project below the 10 MW m–2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of low-density attached operation in the high-iota configuration. We report the most notable result was the complete (in all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at high-density operation in hydrogen.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [4];  [2];  [5];  [2];  [6]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2]; ORCiD logo [7];  [7] more »;  [8]; ORCiD logo [7];  [7];  [2]; ORCiD logo [7];  [2]; ORCiD logo [7];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [2];  [2];  [2];  [2];  [5];  [2];  [7];  [2];  [9]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [10];  [2];  [7];  [11]; ORCiD logo [7];  [7];  [12];  [4];  [2];  [5]; ORCiD logo [13];  [13];  [7];  [7];  [7]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [10];  [12];  [14];  [7];  [15];  [7];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [8];  [2]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [7];  [2]; ORCiD logo [2];  [16];  [5];  [7];  [7];  [17];  [12];  [4];  [7];  [11]; ORCiD logo [7];  [5]; ORCiD logo [18];  [2];  [4] « less
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany); Univ. of Greifswald (Germany)
  2. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany)
  3. Max Planck Inst. for Plasma Physics, Greifswald (Germany); Univ. of Szczecin (Poland)
  4. Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest (Hungary)
  5. Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
  6. Australian National Univ., Canberra, ACT (Australia)
  7. Forschungszentrum Juelich (Germany)
  8. Univ. of Cagliari (Italy)
  9. Lab. for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, TEC Partner, Brussels (Belgium); Ghent Univ. (Belgium)
  10. Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
  11. Lab. for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, TEC Partner, Brussels (Belgium)
  12. National Inst. for Fusion Science, Toki (Japan)
  13. Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
  14. Thermadiag, ZA Le Pontet, Meyreuil (France)
  15. CEA, IRFM, Saint Paul-lez-Durance (France)
  16. Auburn Univ., AL (United States)
  17. Univ. of Szczecin (Poland)
  18. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); EUROfusion Consortium
Contributing Org.:
The W-7X Team
OSTI Identifier:
1648980
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; 633053; SC0014210
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nuclear Fusion
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 59; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0029-5515
Publisher:
IOP Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; stellarator; magnetic confinement fusion; Wendelstein 7-X; fusion plasma; island divertor

Citation Formats

Sunn Pedersen, T., König, R., Jakubowski, M., Krychowiak, M., Gradic, D., Killer, C., Niemann, H., Szepesi, T., Wenzel, U., Ali, A., Anda, G., Baldzuhn, J., Barbui, T., Biedermann, C., Blackwell, B. D., Bosch, H. -S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brezinsek, S., Cai, J., Cannas, B., Coenen, J. W., Cosfeld, J., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Effenberg, F., Endler, M., Feng, Y., Fellinger, J., Ford, O., Frerichs, H., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Geiger, J., Goriaev, A., Hammond, K., Harris, J., Hathiramani, D., Henkel, M., Kazakov, Ye O., Kirschner, A., Knieps, A., Kobayashi, M., Kocsis, G., Kornejew, P., Kremeyer, T., Lazerzon, S., LeViness, A., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, S., Lore, J., Masuzaki, S., Moncada, V., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T. T., Oelmann, J., Otte, M., Perseo, V., Pisano, F., Puig Sitjes, A., Rack, M., Rasinski, M., Romazanov, J., Rudischhauser, L., Schlisio, G., Schmitt, J. C., Schmitz, O., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Sleczka, M., Suzuki, Y., Vecsei, M., Wang, E., Wauters, T., Wiesen, S., Winters, V., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and Zoletnik, S. First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f.
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Sunn Pedersen, T., König, R., Jakubowski, M., Krychowiak, M., Gradic, D., Killer, C., Niemann, H., Szepesi, T., Wenzel, U., Ali, A., Anda, G., Baldzuhn, J., Barbui, T., Biedermann, C., Blackwell, B. D., Bosch, H. -S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brezinsek, S., Cai, J., Cannas, B., Coenen, J. W., Cosfeld, J., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Effenberg, F., Endler, M., Feng, Y., Fellinger, J., Ford, O., Frerichs, H., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Geiger, J., Goriaev, A., Hammond, K., Harris, J., Hathiramani, D., Henkel, M., Kazakov, Ye O., Kirschner, A., Knieps, A., Kobayashi, M., Kocsis, G., Kornejew, P., Kremeyer, T., Lazerzon, S., LeViness, A., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, S., Lore, J., Masuzaki, S., Moncada, V., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T. T., Oelmann, J., Otte, M., Perseo, V., Pisano, F., Puig Sitjes, A., Rack, M., Rasinski, M., Romazanov, J., Rudischhauser, L., Schlisio, G., Schmitt, J. C., Schmitz, O., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Sleczka, M., Suzuki, Y., Vecsei, M., Wang, E., Wauters, T., Wiesen, S., Winters, V., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., & Zoletnik, S. First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X. United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f
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Sunn Pedersen, T., König, R., Jakubowski, M., Krychowiak, M., Gradic, D., Killer, C., Niemann, H., Szepesi, T., Wenzel, U., Ali, A., Anda, G., Baldzuhn, J., Barbui, T., Biedermann, C., Blackwell, B. D., Bosch, H. -S., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brezinsek, S., Cai, J., Cannas, B., Coenen, J. W., Cosfeld, J., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Effenberg, F., Endler, M., Feng, Y., Fellinger, J., Ford, O., Frerichs, H., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Geiger, J., Goriaev, A., Hammond, K., Harris, J., Hathiramani, D., Henkel, M., Kazakov, Ye O., Kirschner, A., Knieps, A., Kobayashi, M., Kocsis, G., Kornejew, P., Kremeyer, T., Lazerzon, S., LeViness, A., Li, C., Li, Y., Liang, Y., Liu, S., Lore, J., Masuzaki, S., Moncada, V., Neubauer, O., Ngo, T. T., Oelmann, J., Otte, M., Perseo, V., Pisano, F., Puig Sitjes, A., Rack, M., Rasinski, M., Romazanov, J., Rudischhauser, L., Schlisio, G., Schmitt, J. C., Schmitz, O., Schweer, B., Sereda, S., Sleczka, M., Suzuki, Y., Vecsei, M., Wang, E., Wauters, T., Wiesen, S., Winters, V., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and Zoletnik, S. Mon . "First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X". United States. https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1648980.
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@article{osti_1648980,
title = {First divertor physics studies in Wendelstein 7-X},
author = {Sunn Pedersen, T. and König, R. and Jakubowski, M. and Krychowiak, M. and Gradic, D. and Killer, C. and Niemann, H. and Szepesi, T. and Wenzel, U. and Ali, A. and Anda, G. and Baldzuhn, J. and Barbui, T. and Biedermann, C. and Blackwell, B. D. and Bosch, H. -S. and Bozhenkov, S. and Brakel, R. and Brezinsek, S. and Cai, J. and Cannas, B. and Coenen, J. W. and Cosfeld, J. and Dinklage, A. and Dittmar, T. and Drewelow, P. and Drews, P. and Dunai, D. and Effenberg, F. and Endler, M. and Feng, Y. and Fellinger, J. and Ford, O. and Frerichs, H. and Fuchert, G. and Gao, Y. and Geiger, J. and Goriaev, A. and Hammond, K. and Harris, J. and Hathiramani, D. and Henkel, M. and Kazakov, Ye O. and Kirschner, A. and Knieps, A. and Kobayashi, M. and Kocsis, G. and Kornejew, P. and Kremeyer, T. and Lazerzon, S. and LeViness, A. and Li, C. and Li, Y. and Liang, Y. and Liu, S. and Lore, J. and Masuzaki, S. and Moncada, V. and Neubauer, O. and Ngo, T. T. and Oelmann, J. and Otte, M. and Perseo, V. and Pisano, F. and Puig Sitjes, A. and Rack, M. and Rasinski, M. and Romazanov, J. and Rudischhauser, L. and Schlisio, G. and Schmitt, J. C. and Schmitz, O. and Schweer, B. and Sereda, S. and Sleczka, M. and Suzuki, Y. and Vecsei, M. and Wang, E. and Wauters, T. and Wiesen, S. and Winters, V. and Wurden, G. A. and Zhang, D. and Zoletnik, S.},
abstractNote = {The Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) optimized stellarator fusion experiment, which went into operation in 2015, has been operating since 2017 with an un-cooled modular graphite divertor. This allowed first divertor physics studies to be performed at pulse energies up to 80 MJ, as opposed to 4 MJ in the first operation phase, where five inboard limiters were installed instead of a divertor. This, and a number of other upgrades to the device capabilities, allowed extension into regimes of higher plasma density, heating power, and performance overall, e.g. setting a new stellarator world record triple product. The paper focuses on the first physics studies of how the island divertor works. The plasma heat loads arrive to a very high degree on the divertor plates, with only minor heat loads seen on other components, in particular baffle structures built in to aid neutral compression. The strike line shapes and locations change significantly from one magnetic configuration to another, in very much the same way that codes had predicted they would. Strike-line widths are as large as 10 cm, and the wetted areas also large, up to about 1.5 m2, which bodes well for future operation phases. Peak local heat loads onto the divertor were in general benign and project below the 10 MW m–2 limit of the future water-cooled divertor when operated with 10 MW of heating power, with the exception of low-density attached operation in the high-iota configuration. We report the most notable result was the complete (in all 10 divertor units) heat-flux detachment obtained at high-density operation in hydrogen.},
doi = {10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f},
journal = {Nuclear Fusion},
number = 9,
volume = 59,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019},
month = {Mon Jul 22 00:00:00 EDT 2019}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab280f
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Works referenced in this record:

Advanced neutral gas diagnostics for magnetic confinement devices
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Real time capable infrared thermography for ASDEX Upgrade
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  • Sieglin, B.; Faitsch, M.; Herrmann, A.
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Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Multi-diagnostic analysis of plasma filaments in the island divertor
    journal, November 2019

    • Zoletnik, S.; Anda, G.; Biedermann, C.
    • Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6587/ab5241

    Why carbon dioxide makes stellarators so important
    text, January 2019

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