SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release
Abstract
ABSTRACT SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final data set in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness, and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27 000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98 per cent, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s−1 (at z = 0.2). Using the catalogue of 2740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the 3D map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to z ∼ 0.6. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to z =more »
- Authors:
-
more »
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, F-31028 Toulouse, France
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland, Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Center, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Astrophyics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
- Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy, INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste via G.B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, 115 S. 1400 E., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (UMR 7095: CNRS & Sorbonne Université), F-75014 Paris, France
- Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CNES, LAM, F-13388 Marseille, France
- Apache Point Observatory, P.O. Box 59, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA
- Publication Date:
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1648395
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 497 Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
Citation Formats
Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Finoguenov, A., Capasso, R., Comparat, J., Damsted, S., Furnell, K., Kukkola, A. E., Ider Chitham, J., Merloni, A., Salvato, M., Gueguen, A., Dwelly, T., Collins, C., Saro, A., Erfanianfar, G., Schneider, D. P., Brownstein, J., Mamon, G. A., Padilla, N., Jullo, E., and Bizyaev, D. SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa2066.
Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Finoguenov, A., Capasso, R., Comparat, J., Damsted, S., Furnell, K., Kukkola, A. E., Ider Chitham, J., Merloni, A., Salvato, M., Gueguen, A., Dwelly, T., Collins, C., Saro, A., Erfanianfar, G., Schneider, D. P., Brownstein, J., Mamon, G. A., Padilla, N., Jullo, E., & Bizyaev, D. SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2066
Clerc, N., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Finoguenov, A., Capasso, R., Comparat, J., Damsted, S., Furnell, K., Kukkola, A. E., Ider Chitham, J., Merloni, A., Salvato, M., Gueguen, A., Dwelly, T., Collins, C., Saro, A., Erfanianfar, G., Schneider, D. P., Brownstein, J., Mamon, G. A., Padilla, N., Jullo, E., and Bizyaev, D. Wed .
"SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2066.
@article{osti_1648395,
title = {SPIDERS: overview of the X-ray galaxy cluster follow-up and the final spectroscopic data release},
author = {Clerc, N. and Kirkpatrick, C. C. and Finoguenov, A. and Capasso, R. and Comparat, J. and Damsted, S. and Furnell, K. and Kukkola, A. E. and Ider Chitham, J. and Merloni, A. and Salvato, M. and Gueguen, A. and Dwelly, T. and Collins, C. and Saro, A. and Erfanianfar, G. and Schneider, D. P. and Brownstein, J. and Mamon, G. A. and Padilla, N. and Jullo, E. and Bizyaev, D.},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT SPIDERS (The SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources) is a large spectroscopic programme for X-ray selected galaxy clusters as part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV (SDSS-IV). We describe the final data set in the context of SDSS Data Release 16 (DR16): the survey overall characteristics, final targeting strategies, achieved completeness, and spectral quality, with special emphasis on its use as a galaxy cluster sample for cosmology applications. SPIDERS now consists of about 27 000 new optical spectra of galaxies selected within 4000 photometric red sequences, each associated with an X-ray source. The excellent spectrograph efficiency and a robust analysis pipeline yield a spectroscopic redshift measurement success rate exceeding 98 per cent, with a median velocity accuracy of 20 km s−1 (at z = 0.2). Using the catalogue of 2740 X-ray galaxy clusters confirmed with DR16 spectroscopy, we reveal the 3D map of the galaxy cluster distribution in the observable Universe up to z ∼ 0.6. We highlight the homogeneity of the member galaxy spectra among distinct regions of the galaxy cluster phase space. Aided by accurate spectroscopic redshifts and by a model of the sample selection effects, we compute the galaxy cluster X-ray luminosity function and we present its lack of evolution up to z = 0.6. Finally we discuss the prospects of forthcoming large multiplexed spectroscopic programmes dedicated to follow up the next generation of all-sky X-ray source catalogues.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa2066},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 3,
volume = 497,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Wed Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Wed Jul 15 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa2066
Works referenced in this record:
The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
journal, April 2018
- Abolfathi, Bela; Aguado, D. S.; Aguilar, Gabriela
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 235, Issue 2
The mass function of clusters of galaxies
journal, April 1993
- Bahcall, Neta A.; Cen, Renyue
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 407
Mass calibration of the CODEX cluster sample using SPIDERS spectroscopy – I. The richness–mass relation
journal, March 2019
- Capasso, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 2
The XXL Survey: XXV. Cosmological analysis of the C1 cluster number counts
journal, November 2018
- Pacaud, F.; Pierre, M.; Melin, J. -B.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 620
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of Sdss-Iii
journal, December 2012
- Dawson, Kyle S.; Schlegel, David J.; Ahn, Christopher P.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 145, Issue 1
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric Camera
journal, December 1998
- Gunn, J. E.; Carr, M.; Rockosi, C.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 116, Issue 6
4MOST Consortium Survey 6: Active Galactic Nuclei
text, January 2019
- Merloni, Andrea; Alexander, David A.; Banerji, Manda
- European Southern Observatory (ESO)
An optically-selected cluster catalog at redshift 0.1 < z < 1.1 from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program S16A data
journal, June 2017
- Oguri, Masamune; Lin, Yen-Ting; Lin, Sheng-Chieh
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1
4MOST Consortium Survey 5: eROSITA Galaxy Cluster Redshift Survey
text, January 2019
- Finoguenov, Alexis; Merloni, Andrea; Comparat, Johan
- European Southern Observatory (ESO)
The ALADIN interactive sky atlas: A reference tool for identification of astronomical sources
journal, April 2000
- Bonnarel, F.; Fernique, P.; Bienaymé, O.
- Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series, Vol. 143, Issue 1
The Astropy Project: Building an Open-science Project and Status of the v2.0 Core Package
journal, August 2018
- Price-Whelan, A. M.; Sipőcz, B. M.; Günther, H. M.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 156, Issue 3
The Sdss-Iv Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Overview and Early data
journal, February 2016
- Dawson, Kyle S.; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Percival, Will J.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 151, Issue 2
Group galaxy number density profiles far out: Is the ‘one-halo’ term NFW out to >10 virial radii?
journal, June 2017
- Trevisan, M.; Mamon, G. A.; Stalder, D. H.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 471, Issue 1
The HectoMAP Cluster Survey. I. redMaPPer Clusters
journal, April 2018
- Sohn, Jubee; Geller, Margaret J.; Rines, Kenneth J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
Cosmological Constraints from the ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey
journal, May 1999
- Borgani, Stefano; Rosati, Piero; Tozzi, Paolo
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 517, Issue 1
Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV: Mapping the Milky Way, Nearby Galaxies, and the Distant Universe
journal, June 2017
- Blanton, Michael R.; Bershady, Matthew A.; Abolfathi, Bela
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 154, Issue 1
The XMM-Newton serendipitous survey : VII. The third
journal, April 2016
- Rosen, S. R.; Webb, N. A.; Watson, M. G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 590
The Time-domain Spectroscopic Survey: Target Selection for Repeat Spectroscopy
journal, December 2017
- MacLeod, Chelsea L.; Green, Paul J.; Anderson, Scott F.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 155, Issue 1
The role of massive halos in the star formation history of the Universe
journal, July 2015
- Popesso, P.; Biviano, A.; Finoguenov, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 579
redMaPPer. I. ALGORITHM AND SDSS DR8 CATALOG
journal, April 2014
- Rykoff, E. S.; Rozo, E.; Busha, M. T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 785, Issue 2
HEALPix: A Framework for High‐Resolution Discretization and Fast Analysis of Data Distributed on the Sphere
journal, April 2005
- Gorski, K. M.; Hivon, E.; Banday, A. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 622, Issue 2
The Multi-Object, Fiber-Fed Spectrographs for the Sloan Digital sky Survey and the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
journal, July 2013
- Smee, Stephen A.; Gunn, James E.; Uomoto, Alan
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 146, Issue 2
THE PHASE SPACE AND STELLAR POPULATIONS OF CLUSTER GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1: SIMULTANEOUS CONSTRAINTS ON THE LOCATION AND TIMESCALE OF SATELLITE QUENCHING
journal, November 2014
- Muzzin, Adam; van der Burg, R. F. J.; McGee, Sean L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 796, Issue 1
Spectral Classification and Redshift Measurement for the Sdss-Iii Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
journal, October 2012
- Bolton, Adam S.; Schlegel, David J.; Aubourg, Éric
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 144, Issue 5
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Photometric System
journal, April 1996
- Fukugita, M.; Ichikawa, T.; Gunn, J. E.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 111
The HectoMAP Cluster Survey. II. X-Ray Clusters
journal, March 2018
- Sohn, Jubee; Chon, Gayoung; Böhringer, Hans
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
A sample of 1959 massive galaxy clusters at high redshifts
journal, September 2018
- Wen, Z. L.; Han, J. L.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3
Mass calibration of the CODEX cluster sample using SPIDERS spectroscopy – II. The X-ray luminosity–mass relation
journal, April 2020
- Capasso, R.; Mohr, J. J.; Saro, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 494, Issue 2
The Eleventh and Twelfth data Releases of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: Final data from Sdss-Iii
journal, July 2015
- Alam, Shadab; Albareti, Franco D.; Prieto, Carlos Allende
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 219, Issue 1
The dark Energy Camera
journal, October 2015
- Flaugher, B.; Diehl, H. T.; Honscheid, K.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 150, Issue 5
The 16th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Surveys: First Release from the APOGEE-2 Southern Survey and Full Release of eBOSS Spectra
journal, June 2020
- Ahumada, Romina; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andrés
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 249, Issue 1
Dark matter halo properties from galaxy–galaxy lensing★
journal, May 2013
- Brimioulle, F.; Seitz, S.; Lerchster, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 432, Issue 2
The cosmological analysis of X-ray cluster surveys - II. Application of the CR-HR method to the XMM archive: X-CLASS: catalogue construction and analysis
journal, May 2012
- Clerc, N.; Sadibekova, T.; Pierre, M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 423, Issue 4
Photometric Response Functions of the Sloan Digital sky Survey Imager
journal, March 2010
- Doi, Mamoru; Tanaka, Masayuki; Fukugita, Masataka
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 139, Issue 4
The ROSAT ‐ESO Flux‐limited X‐Ray (REFLEX) Galaxy Cluster Survey. IV. The X‐Ray Luminosity Function
journal, February 2002
- Bohringer, H.; Collins, C. A.; Guzzo, L.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 566, Issue 1
HICOSMO: cosmology with a complete sample of galaxy clusters – II. Cosmological results
journal, June 2017
- Schellenberger, G.; Reiprich, T. H.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 2
THE CHANDRA SOURCE CATALOG
journal, June 2010
- Evans, Ian N.; Primini, Francis A.; Glotfelty, Kenny J.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 189, Issue 1
The Mass Function of an X‐Ray Flux–limited Sample of Galaxy Clusters
journal, March 2002
- Reiprich, Thomas H.; Bohringer, Hans
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 567, Issue 2
The X-CLASS−redMaPPer galaxy cluster comparison: I. Identification procedures
journal, November 2014
- Sadibekova, T.; Pierrre, M.; Clerc, N.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 571
CHANDRA CLUSTER COSMOLOGY PROJECT III: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER CONSTRAINTS
journal, February 2009
- Vikhlinin, A.; Kravtsov, A. V.; Burenin, R. A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 692, Issue 2
The REFLEX galaxy cluster survey: VIII. Spectroscopic observations and optical atlas,
journal, February 2009
- Guzzo, L.; Schuecker, P.; Böhringer, H.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 499, Issue 2
Astropy: A community Python package for astronomy
journal, September 2013
- Robitaille, Thomas P.; Tollerud, Erik J.; Greenfield, Perry
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 558
A New Method For Galaxy Cluster Detection. I. The Algorithm
journal, October 2000
- Gladders, Michael D.; Yee, H. K. C.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 120, Issue 4
Weak lensing mass map and peak statistics in Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Stripe 82 survey
journal, June 2014
- Shan, HuanYuan; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Comparat, Johan
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 442, Issue 3
CODEX clusters: Survey, catalog, and cosmology of the X-ray luminosity function
journal, June 2020
- Finoguenov, A.; Rykoff, E.; Clerc, N.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 638
The X-Ray Cluster Normalization of the Matter Power Spectrum
journal, February 2009
- Henry, J. Patrick; Evrard, August E.; Hoekstra, Henk
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 691, Issue 2
Gone after one orbit: How cluster environments quench galaxies
journal, July 2019
- Lotz, Marcel; Remus, Rhea-Silvia; Dolag, Klaus
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 4
The extended ROSAT-ESO Flux-Limited X-ray Galaxy Cluster Survey (REFLEX II): VII. The mass function of galaxy clusters
journal, December 2017
- Böhringer, Hans; Chon, Gayoung; Fukugita, Masataka
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 608
The XXL Survey: XX. The 365 cluster catalogue★★★
journal, November 2018
- Adami, C.; Giles, P.; Koulouridis, E.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 620
Evolution and clustering of rich clusters
journal, September 1986
- Kaiser, Nick
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 222, Issue 2
A new RASS galaxy cluster catalogue with low contamination extending to z ∼ 1 in the DES overlap region
journal, May 2019
- Klein, M.; Grandis, S.; Mohr, J. J.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 1
The XMM Large-Scale Structure survey: the X-ray pipeline and survey selection function
journal, October 2006
- Pacaud, F.; Pierre, M.; Refregier, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 372, Issue 2
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: Quenching of Star Formation in Clusters I. Transition Galaxies
journal, March 2019
- Owers, Matt S.; Hudson, Michael J.; Oman, Kyle A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
Einstein Observatory Images of Clusters of Galaxies
journal, January 1999
- Jones, C.; Forman, W.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 511, Issue 1
An analytic expression for the luminosity function for galaxies.
journal, January 1976
- Schechter, P.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 203
Mass estimation in the outer regions of galaxy clusters
journal, November 1999
- Diaferio, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 309, Issue 3
Chandra centres for COSMOS X-ray galaxy groups: differences in stellar properties between central dominant and offset brightest group galaxies
journal, November 2018
- Gozaliasl, Ghassem; Finoguenov, Alexis; Tanaka, Masayuki
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 3
X-ray galaxy clusters abundance and mass temperature scaling
journal, October 2015
- Ilić, Stéphane; Blanchard, Alain; Douspis, Marian
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 582
The Eighth data Release of the Sloan Digital sky Survey: First data from Sdss-Iii
journal, March 2011
- Aihara, Hiroaki; Allende Prieto, Carlos; An, Deokkeun
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 193, Issue 2
Stellar mass–halo mass relation for the brightest central galaxies of X-ray clusters since z ∼ 0.65
journal, November 2019
- Erfanianfar, G.; Finoguenov, A.; Furnell, K.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 631
Exploring relations between BCG and cluster properties in the SPectroscopic IDentification of eROSITA Sources survey from 0.05
journal, June 2018
- Furnell, Kate E.; Collins, Chris A.; Kelvin, Lee S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 4
A Spectroscopic Census of X-Ray Systems in the COSMOS Field
journal, August 2019
- Sohn, Jubee; Geller, Margaret J.; Zahid, H. Jabran
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2
The XXL Survey: XXVIII. Galaxy luminosity functions of the XXL-N clusters
journal, November 2018
- Ricci, M.; Benoist, C.; Maurogordato, S.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 620
firefly (Fitting IteRativEly For Likelihood analYsis): a full spectral fitting code
journal, September 2017
- Wilkinson, David M.; Maraston, Claudia; Goddard, Daniel
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 472, Issue 4
The final SDSS-IV/SPIDERS X-ray point source spectroscopic catalogue
journal, April 2020
- Comparat, J.; Merloni, A.; Dwelly, T.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 636
The first XMM-Newton slew survey catalogue: XMMSL1
journal, January 2008
- Saxton, R. D.; Read, A. M.; Esquej, P.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 480, Issue 2
Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Early Data Release
journal, January 2002
- Stoughton, Chris; Lupton, Robert H.; Bernardi, Mariangela
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 123, Issue 1
SPIDERS: selection of spectroscopic targets using AGN candidates detected in all-sky X-ray surveys
journal, April 2017
- Dwelly, T.; Salvato, M.; Merloni, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 469, Issue 1
Overview of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys
journal, April 2019
- Dey, Arjun; Schlegel, David J.; Lang, Dustin
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 5
Robust Optical Richness Estimation with Reduced Scatter
journal, February 2012
- Rykoff, E. S.; Koester, B. P.; Rozo, E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 746, Issue 2
The Canada–France Imaging Survey: First Results from the u-Band Component
journal, October 2017
- Ibata, Rodrigo A.; McConnachie, Alan; Cuillandre, Jean-Charles
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 848, Issue 2
Stellar population synthesis at the resolution of 2003
journal, October 2003
- Bruzual, G.; Charlot, S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 344, Issue 4
The Distribution of Rich Clusters of Galaxies.
journal, March 1957
- Abell, George O.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 3
Why are some galaxy clusters underluminous?: The very low concentration of the CL2015 mass profile
journal, September 2019
- Andreon, S.; Moretti, A.; Trinchieri, G.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 630
Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment
journal, January 2007
- Hunter, John D.
- Computing in Science & Engineering, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Finding counterparts for all-sky X-ray surveys with Nway: a Bayesian algorithm for cross-matching multiple catalogues
journal, October 2017
- Salvato, M.; Buchner, J.; Budavári, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 4
The VLT Survey Telescope ATLAS
journal, June 2015
- Shanks, T.; Metcalfe, N.; Chehade, B.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 451, Issue 4
The fourth data release of the Kilo-Degree Survey: ugri imaging and nine-band optical-IR photometry over 1000 square degrees
journal, April 2019
- Kuijken, K.; Heymans, C.; Dvornik, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 625
SPIDERS: the spectroscopic follow-up of X-ray-selected clusters of galaxies in SDSS-IV
journal, September 2016
- Clerc, N.; Merloni, A.; Zhang, Y. -Y.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 463, Issue 4
The 2.5 m Telescope of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
journal, April 2006
- Gunn, James E.; Siegmund, Walter A.; Mannery, Edward J.
- The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 131, Issue 4
The observed growth of massive galaxy clusters - I. Statistical methods and cosmological constraints: Cluster growth: methods and cosmology
journal, July 2010
- Mantz, A.; Allen, S. W.; Rapetti, D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
A multicomponent matched filter cluster confirmation tool for eROSITA: initial application to the RASS and DES-SV data sets
journal, November 2017
- Klein, M.; Mohr, J. J.; Desai, S.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 474, Issue 3
The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory
journal, December 2017
- Albareti, Franco D.; Prieto, Carlos Allende; Almeida, Andres
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 233, Issue 2
The ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy cluster survey: V. The cluster catalogue
journal, September 2004
- Böhringer, H.; Schuecker, P.; Guzzo, L.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 425, Issue 1
Cosmology with XMM galaxy clusters: the X-CLASS/GROND catalogue and photometric redshifts
journal, February 2017
- Ridl, J.; Clerc, N.; Sadibekova, T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 1