Controlling martensite and pearlite formation with cooling rate and temperature control in rotary friction welding
Cooling rate and temperature control is implemented in rotary friction welding in order to obtain favorable microstructures and avoid martensite and other brittle microstructures. Limits of achievable cooling rates in friction welding are primarily determined by thermal and geometric properties such as thermal diffusivity and length. A controller limits interface temperatures during a weld preheat, changing the thermal profile, thus decreasing the cooling rate after the weld has finished. This method is demonstrated in 1045 steel. Cooling simulations, TTT diagrams, microhardness line scans, and scanning electron microscopy are used for analysis. Without temperature and cooling rate control, a martensite readily forms after a weld. With temperature and cooling rate control, martensitic transformations are avoided and a pearlitic microstructure is developed. Temperature control is a viable tool in designing post-weld microstructures within achievable cooling rate limitations.
- Research Organization:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- USDOE
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830
- OSTI ID:
- 1646633
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA--149318
- Journal Information:
- International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Journal Name: International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture Vol. 150; ISSN 0890-6955
- Publisher:
- ElsevierCopyright Statement
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
Similar Records
Interfacial microstructure and mechanical properties of rotary inertia friction welded dissimilar 422 martensitic stainless steel to 4140 low alloy steel joints
The influence of pearlite fraction on the shock properties of ferrite–pearlite steel microstructures: Insight into the effect of second-phase particles