Analysis of Neptune’s 2017 bright equatorial storm

Molter, Edward; de Pater, Imke; Luszcz-Cook, Statia; Hueso, Ricardo; Tollefson, Joshua; Alvarez, Carlos; Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín; Wong, Michael H.; Hsu, Andrew I.; Sromovsky, Lawrence A.; Fry, Patrick M.; Delcroix, Marc; Campbell, Randy; de Kleer, Katherine; Gates, Elinor; Lynam, Paul David; Ammons, S. Mark; Coy, Brandon Park; Duchene, Gaspard; Gonzales, Erica J.; Hirsch, Lea; Magnier, Eugene A.; Ragland, Sam; Rich, R. Michael; Wang, Feige

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2018.11.018

Title: Analysis of Neptune’s 2017 bright equatorial storm

Journal Article · 27 November 2018 · Icarus

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.11.018 · OSTI ID:1643764

Molter, Edward ^[1];

^[1]; Luszcz-Cook, Statia ^[2]; Hueso, Ricardo ^[3]; Tollefson, Joshua ^[1]; Alvarez, Carlos ^[4];

^[3]; Wong, Michael H. ^[1];

^[1]; Sromovsky, Lawrence A. ^[5]; Fry, Patrick M. ^[5];

^[6]; Campbell, Randy ^[4];

^[7];

^[8]; Lynam, Paul David ^[8]; Ammons, S. Mark ^[9]; Coy, Brandon Park ^[1]; Duchene, Gaspard ^[10]; Gonzales, Erica J. ^[11] more »

Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); American Museum of Natural History,New York, NY (United States)
Uiversidad del País Vasco (Spain)
W. M. Keck Observatory, Kamuela HI (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)
Société Astronomique de France (France)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Lick Observatory, Mount Hamilton, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. Grenoble Alpes/CNRS, (France)
Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA (United States)
Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (United States)
Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)

Herein we report the discovery of a large (~8500 km diameter) infrared-bright storm at Neptune’s equator in June 2017. We tracked the storm over a period of 7 months with high-cadence infrared snapshot imaging, carried out on 14 nights at the 10 m Keck II telescope and 17 nights at the Shane 120 inch reflector at Lick Observatory. The cloud feature was larger and more persistent than any equatorial clouds seen before on Neptune, remaining intermittently active from at least 10 June to 31 December 2017. Our Keck and Lick observations were augmented by very high-cadence images from the amateur community, which permitted the determination of accurate drift rates for the cloud feature. Its zonal drift speed was variable from 10 June to at least 25 July, but remained a constant 237.4 ± 0.2 m s $^{- 1}$ from 30 September until at least 15 November. The pressure of the cloud top was determined from radiative transfer calculations to be 0.3-0.6 bar; this value remained constant over the course of the observations. Multiple cloud break-up events, in which a bright cloud band wrapped around Neptune’s equator, were observed over the course of our observations. No “dark spot” vortices were seen near the equator in HST imaging on 6 and 7 October. The size and pressure of the storm are consistent with moist convection or a planetary-scale wave as the energy source of convective upwelling, but more modeling is required to determine the driver of this equatorial disturbance as well as the triggers for and dynamics of the observed cloud break-up events.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras (FEDER); Google; Keck Visiting Scholar Program; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO); National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); W. M. Keck Foundation

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1643764

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--804297; 1007286

Journal Information:: Icarus, Journal Name: Icarus Vol. 321; ISSN 0019-1035

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Ice Giant Circulation Patterns: Implications for Atmospheric Probes Fletcher, Leigh N.; de Pater, Imke; Orton, Glenn S. Space Science Reviews, Vol. 216, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-020-00646-1	journal	February 2020
Atmospheric Dynamics and Vertical Structure of Uranus and Neptune’s Weather Layers Hueso, Ricardo; Sánchez-Lavega, Agustín Space Science Reviews, Vol. 215, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-019-0618-6	journal	November 2019
Formation of a New Great Dark Spot on Neptune in 2018 Simon, A. A.; Wong, M. H.; Hsu, A. I. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl081961	journal	March 2019
Lifetimes and Occurrence Rates of Dark Vortices on Neptune from 25 Years of Hubble Space Telescope Images Hsu, Andrew I.; Wong, Michael H.; Simon, Amy A. The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab0747	journal	March 2019
Neptune's Latitudinal Variations as Viewed with ALMA Tollefson, Joshua; Pater, Imke de; Luszcz-Cook, Statia The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab1fdf	journal	June 2019
First ALMA Millimeter-wavelength Maps of Jupiter, with a Multiwavelength Study of Convection de Pater, Imke; Sault, R. J.; Moeckel, Chris The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 158, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ab3643	journal	September 2019
Neptune's Latitudinal Variations as Viewed with ALMA Tollefson, Joshua; de Pater, Imke; Luszcz-Cook, Statia arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.03384	text	January 2019

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