Radiation damage from energetic particles at GRad-level of SiO fibers of the Large Hadron Collider ATLAS Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)
Abstract
Core SiO2 quartz fibers of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ATLAS Zero-degree Calorimeter (ZDC) are expected to experience integrated doses of a few giga-Rad (Grad) at their closest position to the LHC beam. An array of fibers was irradiated with 200 MeV protons and spallation-generated mixed spectra (primarily fast neutrons) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Linac. Specifically, 1 mm- and 2 mm-diameter quartz (GE 124) rods of 50 mm length were exposed to direct 200 MeV protons leading to peak integrated dose of 28 Grad ( 0.28 GGy). Exposure of 1 mm-diameter SiO2 fibers to a neutron flux was also achieved in the spallation field generated by 128 MeV protons. In the post-irradiation analysis, the quartz fiber transmittance was evaluated as a function of the absorbed dose. Significant degradation of the transmittance and increased radiation damage of the material were observed. Microscopic evaluation of the fibers revealed extensive micro-structural damage and irradiation-induced defects. The measurements revealed that a threshold fluence ( 2.6 1016 p/cm2) or dose of 10 Grad (0.1 GGy) appears to exist beyond which light transmittance drops below 10%. Also observed is that fiber transmittance loss increased drastically with SiO2 fiber diameter (1 mm vs. 2 mm diameter). This is attributed, in part, to the earlier lateral leakage from the 1 mm fiber of knock-on electrons and primary protons implying that more damage-inducing protons travel within the bulk of the 50 mm long 2-mm fibers. While Monte Carlo simulations performed tend to support such assumption, future experiments and sensitivity studies are envisioned to address the fiber diameter influence on degradation.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1640261
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1657466
- Report Number(s):
- FERMILAB-PUB-20-440-AD
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; S016890022030841X; 164444; PII: S016890022030841X
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Journal Volume: 980 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Country of Publication:
- Netherlands
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Quartz fibers; Radiation damage; Energetic protons; Fast neutrons; Transmittance
Citation Formats
Simos, N., Atoian, G., Bolotnikov, A., Sprouster, D., Tricoli, A., Medvedev, D., Palmer, M., Asner, D., Charitonidis, N., Mokhov, N., and Kotsina, Z. Radiation damage from energetic particles at GRad-level of SiO 2 fibers of the Large Hadron Collider ATLAS Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC). Netherlands: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1016/j.nima.2020.164444.
Simos, N., Atoian, G., Bolotnikov, A., Sprouster, D., Tricoli, A., Medvedev, D., Palmer, M., Asner, D., Charitonidis, N., Mokhov, N., & Kotsina, Z. Radiation damage from energetic particles at GRad-level of SiO 2 fibers of the Large Hadron Collider ATLAS Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC). Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164444
Simos, N., Atoian, G., Bolotnikov, A., Sprouster, D., Tricoli, A., Medvedev, D., Palmer, M., Asner, D., Charitonidis, N., Mokhov, N., and Kotsina, Z. Sun .
"Radiation damage from energetic particles at GRad-level of SiO 2 fibers of the Large Hadron Collider ATLAS Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)". Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2020.164444.
@article{osti_1640261,
title = {Radiation damage from energetic particles at GRad-level of SiO 2 fibers of the Large Hadron Collider ATLAS Zero-Degree Calorimeter (ZDC)},
author = {Simos, N. and Atoian, G. and Bolotnikov, A. and Sprouster, D. and Tricoli, A. and Medvedev, D. and Palmer, M. and Asner, D. and Charitonidis, N. and Mokhov, N. and Kotsina, Z.},
abstractNote = {Core SiO2 quartz fibers of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) ATLAS Zero-degree Calorimeter (ZDC) are expected to experience integrated doses of a few giga-Rad (Grad) at their closest position to the LHC beam. An array of fibers was irradiated with 200 MeV protons and spallation-generated mixed spectra (primarily fast neutrons) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) Linac. Specifically, 1 mm- and 2 mm-diameter quartz (GE 124) rods of 50 mm length were exposed to direct 200 MeV protons leading to peak integrated dose of ~28 Grad (~0.28 GGy). Exposure of 1 mm-diameter SiO2 fibers to a neutron flux was also achieved in the spallation field generated by 128 MeV protons. In the post-irradiation analysis, the quartz fiber transmittance was evaluated as a function of the absorbed dose. Significant degradation of the transmittance and increased radiation damage of the material were observed. Microscopic evaluation of the fibers revealed extensive micro-structural damage and irradiation-induced defects. The measurements revealed that a threshold fluence (~2.6 1016 p/cm2) or dose of ~10 Grad (0.1 GGy) appears to exist beyond which light transmittance drops below 10%. Also observed is that fiber transmittance loss increased drastically with SiO2 fiber diameter (1 mm vs. 2 mm diameter). This is attributed, in part, to the earlier lateral leakage from the 1 mm fiber of knock-on electrons and primary protons implying that more damage-inducing protons travel within the bulk of the 50 mm long 2-mm fibers. While Monte Carlo simulations performed tend to support such assumption, future experiments and sensitivity studies are envisioned to address the fiber diameter influence on degradation.},
doi = {10.1016/j.nima.2020.164444},
journal = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},
number = C,
volume = 980,
place = {Netherlands},
year = {Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Sun Nov 01 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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