The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys
Abstract
Obtaining accurate distributions of galaxy redshifts is a critical aspect of weak lensing cosmology experiments. One of the methods used to estimate and validate redshift distributions is to apply weights to a spectroscopic sample, so that their weighted photometry distribution matches the target sample. Herein, we estimate the selection bias in redshift that is introduced in this procedure. We do so by simulating the process of assembling a spectroscopic sample (including observer-assigned confidence flags) and highlight the impacts of spectroscopic target selection and redshift failures. We use the first year (Y1) weak lensing analysis in Dark Energy Survey (DES) as an example data set but the implications generalize to all similar weak lensing surveys. We find that using colour cuts that are not available to the weak lensing galaxies can introduce biases of up to Δz ~ 0.04 in the weighted mean redshift of different redshift intervals (Δz ~ 0.015 in the case most relevant to DES). To assess the impact of incompleteness in spectroscopic samples, we select only objects with high observer-defined confidence flags and compare the weighted mean redshift with the true mean. We find that the mean redshift of the DES Y1 weak lensing sample is typicallymore »
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[2];
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- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, 28040, Spain
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany, Fakultät für Physik, Universitäts-Sternwarte, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 München, Germany
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil, Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil
- The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, ACT 2601, Australia
- Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
- McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
- Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil, Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05314-970, Brazil
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- CNRS, UMR 7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, F-75014 Paris, France, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France
- Jodrell Bank Center for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, P. O. Box 2450, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
- Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, 2320 Chamberlin Hall, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706-1390, USA
- INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
- Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Center for Astrophysics |Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, P. O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA
- Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP, 05314-970, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia - LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ - 20921-400, Brazil
- George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
- Department of Physics, Brandeis University,415 South Street, Waltham MA 02453, USA
- Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey Building, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
- (
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- Contributing Org.:
- DES Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1638777
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1616311; OSTI ID: 1661213; OSTI ID: 1784539
- Report Number(s):
- arXiv:2003.10454; FERMILAB-PUB-20-106-AE; DES-2019-0498
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11359; AST-138766; AST-1536171; AC05-00OR22725; SC0019193
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 496 Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
- Publisher:
- Royal Astronomical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmology: distance scale; galaxies: distances and redshifts; galaxies: statistics; large scale structure of Universe; gravitational lensing: weak
Citation Formats
Hartley, W. G., Chang, C., Samani, S., Carnero Rosell, A., Davis, T. M., Hoyle, B., Gruen, D., Asorey, J., Gschwend, J., Lidman, C., Kuehn, K., King, A., Rau, M. M., Wechsler, R. H., DeRose, J., Hinton, S. R., Whiteway, L., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1812.
Hartley, W. G., Chang, C., Samani, S., Carnero Rosell, A., Davis, T. M., Hoyle, B., Gruen, D., Asorey, J., Gschwend, J., Lidman, C., Kuehn, K., King, A., Rau, M. M., Wechsler, R. H., DeRose, J., Hinton, S. R., Whiteway, L., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., & DES Collaboration). The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1812
Hartley, W. G., Chang, C., Samani, S., Carnero Rosell, A., Davis, T. M., Hoyle, B., Gruen, D., Asorey, J., Gschwend, J., Lidman, C., Kuehn, K., King, A., Rau, M. M., Wechsler, R. H., DeRose, J., Hinton, S. R., Whiteway, L., Abbott, T. M. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Annis, J., Avila, S., Bernstein, G. M., Bertin, E., Bridle, S. L., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Cawthon, R., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Dietrich, J. P., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuropatkin, N., Lahav, O., Lima, M., Maia, M. A. G., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Palmese, A., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Varga, T. N., Weller, J., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). Sat .
"The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1812.
@article{osti_1638777,
title = {The impact of spectroscopic incompleteness in direct calibration of redshift distributions for weak lensing surveys},
author = {Hartley, W. G. and Chang, C. and Samani, S. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Davis, T. M. and Hoyle, B. and Gruen, D. and Asorey, J. and Gschwend, J. and Lidman, C. and Kuehn, K. and King, A. and Rau, M. M. and Wechsler, R. H. and DeRose, J. and Hinton, S. R. and Whiteway, L. and Abbott, T. M. C. and Aguena, M. and Allam, S. and Annis, J. and Avila, S. and Bernstein, G. M. and Bertin, E. and Bridle, S. L. and Brooks, D. and Burke, D. L. and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Cawthon, R. and Costanzi, M. and da Costa, L. N. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Dietrich, J. P. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gutierrez, G. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kent, S. and Krause, E. and Kuropatkin, N. and Lahav, O. and Lima, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and Marshall, J. L. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Palmese, A. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Roodman, A. and Rykoff, E. S. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Soares-Santos, M. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Troxel, M. A. and Tucker, D. L. and Varga, T. N. and Weller, J. and Wilkinson, R. D. and DES Collaboration)},
abstractNote = {Obtaining accurate distributions of galaxy redshifts is a critical aspect of weak lensing cosmology experiments. One of the methods used to estimate and validate redshift distributions is to apply weights to a spectroscopic sample, so that their weighted photometry distribution matches the target sample. Herein, we estimate the selection bias in redshift that is introduced in this procedure. We do so by simulating the process of assembling a spectroscopic sample (including observer-assigned confidence flags) and highlight the impacts of spectroscopic target selection and redshift failures. We use the first year (Y1) weak lensing analysis in Dark Energy Survey (DES) as an example data set but the implications generalize to all similar weak lensing surveys. We find that using colour cuts that are not available to the weak lensing galaxies can introduce biases of up to Δz ~ 0.04 in the weighted mean redshift of different redshift intervals (Δz ~ 0.015 in the case most relevant to DES). To assess the impact of incompleteness in spectroscopic samples, we select only objects with high observer-defined confidence flags and compare the weighted mean redshift with the true mean. We find that the mean redshift of the DES Y1 weak lensing sample is typically biased at the Δz = 0.005–0.05 level after the weighting is applied. The bias we uncover can have either sign, depending on the samples and redshift interval considered. For the highest redshift bin, the bias is larger than the uncertainties in the other DES Y1 redshift calibration methods, justifying the decision of not using this method for the redshift estimations. We discuss several methods to mitigate this bias.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa1812},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 4,
volume = 496,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {2020},
month = {6}
}
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The Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS): Overview
journal, September 2007
- Scoville, N.; Aussel, H.; Brusa, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 172, Issue 1
Sample variance in photometric redshift calibration: cosmological biases and survey requirements: Sample variance in photo-z calibration
journal, April 2012
- Cunha, Carlos E.; Huterer, Dragan; Busha, Michael T.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 423, Issue 1
Studying the emergence of the red sequence through galaxy clustering: host halo masses at z > 2
journal, April 2013
- Hartley, W. G.; Almaini, O.; Mortlock, A.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 431, Issue 4
Phenotypic redshifts with self-organizing maps: A novel method to characterize redshift distributions of source galaxies for weak lensing
journal, August 2019
- Buchs, R.; Davis, C.; Gruen, D.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 1
Photometric redshifts for Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program Data Release 1
journal, October 2017
- Tanaka, Masayuki; Coupon, Jean; Hsieh, Bau-Ching
- Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan, Vol. 70, Issue SP1
Estimating redshift distributions using hierarchical logistic Gaussian processes
journal, November 2019
- Rau, Markus Michael; Wilson, Simon; Mandelbaum, Rachel
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4
THE EVOLUTION OF METALLICITY AND METALLICITY GRADIENTS FROM z = 2.7 TO 0.6 WITH KMOS 3D
journal, August 2016
- Wuyts, Eva; Wisnioski, Emily; Fossati, Matteo
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 827, Issue 1
DNF – Galaxy photometric redshift by Directional Neighbourhood Fitting
journal, April 2016
- De Vicente, J.; Sánchez, E.; Sevilla-Noarbe, I.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 459, Issue 3
Dark Energy Survey Year 1 Results: redshift distributions of the weak-lensing source galaxies
journal, April 2018
- Hoyle, B.; Gruen, D.; Bernstein, G. M.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 1
Mapping the Galaxy Color–Redshift Relation: Optimal Photometric Redshift Calibration Strategies for Cosmology Surveys
journal, October 2015
- Masters, Daniel; Capak, Peter; Stern, Daniel
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 813, Issue 1
THE FMOS-COSMOS SURVEY OF STAR-FORMING GALAXIES AT z ∼ 1.6. IV. EXCITATION STATE AND CHEMICAL ENRICHMENT OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM
journal, January 2017
- Kashino, D.; Silverman, J. D.; Sanders, D.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 835, Issue 1
The Complete Calibration of the Color–Redshift Relation (C3R2) Survey: Analysis and Data Release 2
journal, May 2019
- Masters, Daniel C.; Stern, Daniel K.; Cohen, Judith G.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Survey (VIPERS): First Data Release of 57 204 spectroscopic measurements
journal, January 2014
- Garilli, B.; Guzzo, L.; Scodeggio, M.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 562
Selection biases in empirical p(z) methods for weak lensing
journal, February 2017
- Gruen, D.; Brimioulle, F.
- Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 468, Issue 1