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Title: A Statistical Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Compact Object Merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey Galaxies

Abstract

We present a measurement of the Hubble constant H0 using the gravitational wave (GW) event GW190814, which resulted from the coalescence of a 23 M⊙ black hole with a 2.6 M⊙ compact object, as a standard siren. No compelling electromagnetic counterpart has been identified for this event, thus our analysis accounts for thousands of potential host galaxies within a statistical framework. The redshift information is obtained from the photometric redshift (photo-z) catalog from the Dark Energy Survey. The luminosity distance is provided by the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave sky map. Since this GW event has the second-smallest localization volume after GW170817, GW190814 is likely to provide the best constraint on cosmology from a single standard siren without identifying an electromagnetic counterpart. Our analysis uses photo-z probability distribution functions and corrects for photo-z biases. We also reanalyze the binary-black hole GW170814 within this updated framework. We explore how our findings impact the H0 constraints from GW170817, the only GW merger associated with a unique host galaxy. From a combination of GW190814, GW170814 and GW170817, our analysis yields H0=72.0$$_{+12}^{–8.2}$$ km s-1 Mpc-1 (68% Highest Density Interval, HDI) for a prior in H0 uniform between [20,140] km s-1 Mpc-1. The addition of GW190814 and GW170814 to GW170817 improves the 68% HDI from GW170817 alone by ~18%, showing how well-localized mergers without counterparts can provide a significant contribution to standard siren measurements, provided that a complete galaxy catalog is available at the location of the event.

Authors:
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Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Lab. (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO); Centro de Excelencia; European Research Council (ERC)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1638663
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1784509
Report Number(s):
arXiv:2006.14961; FERMILAB-PUB-20-216-AE; DES-2020-0548
Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213; oai:inspirehep.net:1803378; TRN: US2201799
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11359; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-88861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; 240672; 291329; 306478; CE110001020; SC0019193
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online); Journal Volume: 900; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2041-8213
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; cosmology; gravitational waves

Citation Formats

Palmese, A., deVicente, J., Pereira, M. S., Annis, J., Hartley, W., Herner, K., Soares-Santos, M., Crocce, M., Huterer, D., Magaña Hernandez, I., Garcia, A., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gschwend, J., Holz, D. E., Kessler, R., Lahav, O., Morgan, R., Nicolaou, C., Conselice, C., Foley, R. J., Gill, M. S., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C., Costanzi, M., Costa, L. da, Davis, T. M., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Estrada, J., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lin, H., Maia, M. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, J. Allyn., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Wilkinson, R. D., and Zuntz, J. A Statistical Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Compact Object Merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey Galaxies. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/abaeff.
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Palmese, A., deVicente, J., Pereira, M. S., Annis, J., Hartley, W., Herner, K., Soares-Santos, M., Crocce, M., Huterer, D., Magaña Hernandez, I., Garcia, A., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gschwend, J., Holz, D. E., Kessler, R., Lahav, O., Morgan, R., Nicolaou, C., Conselice, C., Foley, R. J., Gill, M. S., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C., Costanzi, M., Costa, L. da, Davis, T. M., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Estrada, J., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lin, H., Maia, M. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, J. Allyn., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Wilkinson, R. D., & Zuntz, J. A Statistical Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Compact Object Merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey Galaxies. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abaeff
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Palmese, A., deVicente, J., Pereira, M. S., Annis, J., Hartley, W., Herner, K., Soares-Santos, M., Crocce, M., Huterer, D., Magaña Hernandez, I., Garcia, A., Garcia-Bellido, J., Gschwend, J., Holz, D. E., Kessler, R., Lahav, O., Morgan, R., Nicolaou, C., Conselice, C., Foley, R. J., Gill, M. S., Abbott, T. C., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bechtol, K., Bertin, E., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Kind, M. Carrasco, Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Chang, C., Costanzi, M., Costa, L. da, Davis, T. M., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Drlica-Wagner, A., Estrada, J., Everett, S., Evrard, A. E., Fernandez, E., Finley, D. A., Flaugher, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gerdes, D. W., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kent, S., Krause, E., Kuehn, K., Lin, H., Maia, M. G., March, M., Marshall, J. L., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Sako, M., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, J. Allyn., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Tarle, G., Troxel, M. A., Tucker, D. L., Walker, A. R., Wester, W., Wilkinson, R. D., and Zuntz, J. Mon . "A Statistical Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Compact Object Merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey Galaxies". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abaeff. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1638663.
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@article{osti_1638663,
title = {A Statistical Standard Siren Measurement of the Hubble Constant from the LIGO/Virgo Gravitational Wave Compact Object Merger GW190814 and Dark Energy Survey Galaxies},
author = {Palmese, A. and deVicente, J. and Pereira, M. S. and Annis, J. and Hartley, W. and Herner, K. and Soares-Santos, M. and Crocce, M. and Huterer, D. and Magaña Hernandez, I. and Garcia, A. and Garcia-Bellido, J. and Gschwend, J. and Holz, D. E. and Kessler, R. and Lahav, O. and Morgan, R. and Nicolaou, C. and Conselice, C. and Foley, R. J. and Gill, M. S. and Abbott, T. C. and Aguena, M. and Allam, S. and Avila, S. and Bechtol, K. and Bertin, E. and Bhargava, S. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Burke, D. L. and Kind, M. Carrasco and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Chang, C. and Costanzi, M. and Costa, L. da and Davis, T. M. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Drlica-Wagner, A. and Estrada, J. and Everett, S. and Evrard, A. E. and Fernandez, E. and Finley, D. A. and Flaugher, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and Gaztanaga, E. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gruen, D. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gutierrez, G. and Hinton, S. R. and Hollowood, D. L. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kent, S. and Krause, E. and Kuehn, K. and Lin, H. and Maia, M. G. and March, M. and Marshall, J. L. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. C. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Roodman, A. and Sako, M. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, J. Allyn. and Smith, M. and Suchyta, E. and Tarle, G. and Troxel, M. A. and Tucker, D. L. and Walker, A. R. and Wester, W. and Wilkinson, R. D. and Zuntz, J.},
abstractNote = {We present a measurement of the Hubble constant H0 using the gravitational wave (GW) event GW190814, which resulted from the coalescence of a 23 M⊙ black hole with a 2.6 M⊙ compact object, as a standard siren. No compelling electromagnetic counterpart has been identified for this event, thus our analysis accounts for thousands of potential host galaxies within a statistical framework. The redshift information is obtained from the photometric redshift (photo-z) catalog from the Dark Energy Survey. The luminosity distance is provided by the LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave sky map. Since this GW event has the second-smallest localization volume after GW170817, GW190814 is likely to provide the best constraint on cosmology from a single standard siren without identifying an electromagnetic counterpart. Our analysis uses photo-z probability distribution functions and corrects for photo-z biases. We also reanalyze the binary-black hole GW170814 within this updated framework. We explore how our findings impact the H0 constraints from GW170817, the only GW merger associated with a unique host galaxy. From a combination of GW190814, GW170814 and GW170817, our analysis yields H0=72.0$_{+12}^{–8.2}$ km s-1 Mpc-1 (68% Highest Density Interval, HDI) for a prior in H0 uniform between [20,140] km s-1 Mpc-1. The addition of GW190814 and GW170814 to GW170817 improves the 68% HDI from GW170817 alone by ~18%, showing how well-localized mergers without counterparts can provide a significant contribution to standard siren measurements, provided that a complete galaxy catalog is available at the location of the event.},
doi = {10.3847/2041-8213/abaeff},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal. Letters (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 900,
place = {United States},
year = {2020},
month = {9}
}
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https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abaeff
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Left: LIGO/Virgo GW dark standard sirens analyzed in this paper, where the shaded regions represent the 90% CI localization from the sky maps. For GW190814, the localization comes from the LALInference sky map. The blue contour represents the DES footprint. Top right: Difference between several inferred redshift distributionsmore » dN/dz and the distribution (dN/dz)com for a uniform-number-density case with H0 = 70 km s−1 Mpc−1. This difference is shown to highlight the presence of overdensities and underdensities in the dN/dz distribution. The redshifts have been inferred with the DNF method using DES photometry. The redshift range shown is the one relevant for an H0 prior extending out to 140 km s−1 Mpc−1. The dotted line represents the distribution obtained when considering the mean photo–z value of each galaxy as provided by DNF. The pink curve is given by Monte Carlo (MC) sampling the photo-z PDF for each galaxy, assuming that this is a Gaussian centered on the mean value (from the dotted line) with standard deviation given by the 1σ uncertainty provided by DNF. The blue solid curve is a sum of the full, non-Gaussian, redshift PDFs of each galaxy, and is used in our final results. Bottom right: DNF photo-z bias ∆z = 〈zsp〉− 〈zph〉 in bins of photo-z measured on a validation sample of ∼ 140,000 galaxies with spectroscopic data in the DES footprint. The photo-z estimator used to compute the bias is the mean DNF PDF value.« less
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Large Magellanic Cloud Cepheid Standards Provide a 1% Foundation for the Determination of the Hubble Constant and Stronger Evidence for Physics beyond ΛCDM
journal, May 2019

  • Riess, Adam G.; Casertano, Stefano; Yuan, Wenlong
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab1422

A Galaxy-targeted Search for the Optical Counterpart of the Candidate NS–BH Merger S190814bv with Magellan
journal, October 2019

  • Gomez, S.; Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4ad5

The impact of peculiar velocities on the estimation of the Hubble constant from gravitational wave standard sirens
journal, April 2020

  • Nicolaou, Constantina; Lahav, Ofer; Lemos, Pablo
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 495, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa1120

Correction: Cosmology at a crossroads
journal, May 2017

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
journal, October 2017

Photometric Redshift Error Estimators
journal, December 2008

  • Oyaizu, Hiroaki; Lima, Marcos; Cunha, Carlos E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 689, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1086/592591

Precision of Hubble constant derived using black hole binary absolute distances and statistical redshift information
journal, February 2008

GW170814: A Three-Detector Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Coalescence
journal, October 2017

Measurement of Hubble constant with stellar-mass binary black holes
journal, November 2017

Environmental dependence of the galaxy stellar mass function in the Dark Energy Survey Science Verification Data
journal, November 2016

  • Etherington, J.; Thomas, D.; Maraston, C.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stw3069
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