Comparison of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Batteries: Influence of Polymer Chemistry, Cation Identity, Charge Density, and Solvent on Conductivity

Ford, Hunter; Cui, Chuanchuan; Schaefer, Jennifer L.

doi:10.3390/batteries6010011

Title: Comparison of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Batteries: Influence of Polymer Chemistry, Cation Identity, Charge Density, and Solvent on Conductivity

Journal Article · 12 February 2020 · Batteries

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries6010011 · OSTI ID:1635681

Ford, Hunter ^[1]; Cui, Chuanchuan ^[1];

^[1]

Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States)

From the standpoint of material diversification and sustainability, the development of so-called “beyond lithium-ion” battery chemistries is important for the future of energy storage. Na, K, and Ca are promising as the basis for battery chemistries in that these elements are highly abundant. Here, a series of single-ion conducting polymer electrolytes (SIPEs) for Na, K, and Ca batteries are synthesized and investigated. The two classes of metal cation neutralized SIPEs compared are crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-x-styrene sulfonate (PEGDMA-SS) and poly(tetrahydrofuran) diacrylate-x-4-styrenesulfonyl (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PTHFDA-STFSI); three cation types, three charge densities, and four swelling states are examined. The impact on conductivity of all of these parameters is studied, and in conjunction with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), it is found that promoting ion dissociation and preventing the formation of dense ionic aggregates facilitates ion transport. These results indicate many of the lessons learned from the Li SIPE literature can be translated to beyond Li chemistries. At 25 °C, the best performing Na/K and Ca exchanged polymers yield active cation conductivity on the order of 10^–4 S/cm and 10^–6 S/cm, respectively, for ethylene carbonate:propylene carbonate gelled SIPEs, and 10^–5 S/cm and 10^–7 S/cm, respectively, for glyme gelled SIPEs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Society Of Schmitt Fellows; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1635681

Journal Information:: Batteries, Journal Name: Batteries Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 6; ISSN 2313-0105

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: ENGLISH

References (57)

Recent Progress in Rechargeable Potassium Batteries Hwang, Jang-Yeon; Myung, Seung-Taek; Sun, Yang-Kook Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201802938	journal	September 2018
Readiness Level of Sodium-Ion Battery Technology: A Materials Review Chen, Lin; Fiore, Michele; Wang, Ji Eun Advanced Sustainable Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.201700153	journal	January 2018
Synthesis and characterization of an acrylate-copolymer-based antistatic agent composed of a single-ion conductive polymer electrolyte Guo, Dongyang; Wang, Jiliang; Lei, Jingxin Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol. 119, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1002/app.32849	journal	September 2010
Single Alkaline-Ion (Li+, Na+) Conductors by Ion Exchange of Proton-Conducting Ionomers and Polyelectrolytes Kreuer, Klaus-Dieter; Wohlfarth, Andreas; de Araujo, Carla C. ChemPhysChem, Vol. 12, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201100506	journal	July 2011
Neutron and X-ray Scattering: Suitable Tools for Studying Ionomer Membranes Gebel, G.; Diat, O. Fuel Cells, Vol. 5, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/fuce.200400080	journal	April 2005
Ion dissociation and conduction of Nafion/modified oligo(oxyethylene) composite films Wang, Yun Pu; Feng, Han Yu; Fu, Zheng Sheng Polymers for Advanced Technologies, Vol. 2, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1002/pat.1991.220020606	journal	December 1991
Electrolytes, SEI Formation, and Binders: A Review of Nonelectrode Factors for Sodium-Ion Battery Anodes Bommier, Clement; Ji, Xiulei Small, Vol. 14, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201703576	journal	January 2018
Plasticized single conductung polyelectrolytes based on poly (AMPS) Every, H.; Forsyth, M.; MacFarlane, D. R. Ionics, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02375869	journal	January 1996
The importance of the lithium ion transference number in lithium/polymer cells Doyle, Marc; Fuller, Thomas F.; Newman, John Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 39, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)85091-7	journal	September 1994
Perfluorosulfonate-polyether based single ion conductors Benrabah, D.; Sylla, S.; Alloin, F. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 40, Issue 13-14 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(95)00173-C	journal	October 1995
Influence of the water content on the kinetics of counter-ion transport in perfluorosulphonic membranes Pourcelly, Gérald; Oikonomou, Angeliki; Gavach, Claude Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 287, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(90)87159-H	journal	July 1990
Correlation between ionic and dipolar motions in a single-ion conducting polymer P[MEO9MAM] Furukawa, T.; Yoneya, K.; Takahashi, Y. Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 45, Issue 8-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(99)00357-6	journal	January 2000
Effects of cations on ionic states of poly(oligo-oxyethylene methacrylate-co-alkali metal acrylamidocaproate) single-ion conductor Kim, Hee-Tak; Park, Jung-Ki Solid State Ionics, Vol. 98, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00099-4	journal	June 1997
Relationship between ionic conductivity of perfluorinated ionomeric membranes and nonaqueous solvent properties Doyle, Marc; Lewittes, Mark E.; Roelofs, Mark G. Journal of Membrane Science, Vol. 184, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(00)00642-6	journal	March 2001
Non-aqueous potassium-ion batteries: a review Vaalma, Christoph; Buchholz, Daniel; Passerini, Stefano Current Opinion in Electrochemistry, Vol. 9 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coelec.2018.03.031	journal	June 2018
Single-ion polymer electrolytes based on a delocalized polyanion for lithium batteries Meziane, Rachid; Bonnet, Jean-Pierre; Courty, Matthieu Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 57 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.03.074	journal	December 2011
Synthesis of Sodium Poly[4-styrenesulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide]-co-ethylacrylate] Solid Polymer Electrolytes Li, Jiaye; Zhu, Haijin; Wang, Xiaoen Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 175 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.03.075	journal	September 2015
Nafion membranes as electrolyte and separator for sodium-ion battery Cao, Chengying; Wang, Haibin; Liu, Weiwei International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 39, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.12.119	journal	September 2014
A novel calcium-ion solid polymer electrolyte based on crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate Genier, Francielli S.; Burdin, Cameron V.; Biria, Saeid Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 414 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.01.017	journal	February 2019
Study of the transport of alkali metal ions in a nonaqueous polymer electrolyte based on Nafion Sanginov, E. A.; Kayumov, R. R.; Shmygleva, L. V. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.11.017	journal	February 2017
Single ion conducting sodium ion batteries enabled by a sodium ion exchanged poly(bis(4-carbonyl benzene sulfonyl)imide-co-2,5-diamino benzesulfonic acid) polymer electrolyte Pan, Qiyun; Li, Zhong; Zhang, Wenchao Solid State Ionics, Vol. 300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2016.12.001	journal	February 2017
A novel single-ion conducting gel polymer electrolyte based on polymeric sodium tartaric acid borate for elevated-temperature sodium metal batteries Wang, Peng; Zhang, Huanrui; Chai, Jingchao Solid State Ionics, Vol. 337 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2019.04.022	journal	September 2019
Achievements, Challenges, and Prospects of Calcium Batteries Arroyo-de Dompablo, M. Elena; Ponrouch, Alexandre; Johansson, Patrik Chemical Reviews https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00339	journal	October 2019
Ion States and Transport in Styrenesulfonate Methacrylic PEO ₉ Random Copolymer Ionomers Wang, Jing-Han Helen; Yang, Cathy Han-Chang; Masser, Hanqing Macromolecules, Vol. 48, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01524	journal	September 2015
Universal Relationship between Conductivity and Solvation-Site Connectivity in Ether-Based Polymer Electrolytes Pesko, Danielle M.; Webb, Michael A.; Jung, Yukyung Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00851	journal	July 2016
Linear Viscoelasticity and Cation Conduction in Polyurethane Sulfonate Ionomers with Ions in the Soft Segment–Single Phase Systems Wang, Shih-Wa; Colby, Ralph H. Macromolecules, Vol. 51, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02509	journal	March 2018
Optimizing Ion Transport in Polyether-Based Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries Zheng, Qi; Pesko, Danielle M.; Savoie, Brett M. Macromolecules, Vol. 51, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.7b02706	journal	April 2018
Cross-Linked Ionomer Gel Separators for Polysulfide Shuttle Mitigation in Magnesium–Sulfur Batteries: Elucidation of Structure–Property Relationships Ford, Hunter O.; Merrill, Laura C.; He, Peng Macromolecules, Vol. 51, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01717	journal	October 2018
Periodic Polyethylene Sulfonates from Polyesterification: Bulk and Nanoparticle Morphologies and Ionic Conductivities Rank, Christina; Yan, Lu; Mecking, Stefan Macromolecules, Vol. 52, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01762	journal	October 2019
Application of Single-Ion Conducting Gel Polymer Electrolytes in Magnesium Batteries Merrill, Laura C.; Ford, Hunter O.; Schaefer, Jennifer L. ACS Applied Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsaem.9b00991	journal	August 2019
A Solid Polymer Electrolyte from Cross-Linked Polytetrahydrofuran for Calcium Ion Conduction Wang, Jiayue; Genier, Francielli S.; Li, Hansheng ACS Applied Polymer Materials, Vol. 1, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.9b00371	journal	May 2019
Systematic Computational and Experimental Investigation of Lithium-Ion Transport Mechanisms in Polyester-Based Polymer Electrolytes Webb, Michael A.; Jung, Yukyung; Pesko, Danielle M. ACS Central Science, Vol. 1, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.5b00195	journal	July 2015
Promising Routes to a High Li ⁺ Transference Number Electrolyte for Lithium Ion Batteries Diederichsen, Kyle M.; McShane, Eric J.; McCloskey, Bryan D. ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00792	journal	October 2017
Enhanced Li ⁺ Conduction within Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes via Reduced Cation–Polymer Interaction Ford, Hunter O.; Park, Bumjun; Jiang, Jizhou ACS Materials Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialslett.9b00510	journal	February 2020
Understanding Side Reactions in K–O ₂ Batteries for Improved Cycle Life Ren, Xiaodi; Lau, Kah Chun; Yu, Mingzhe ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 6, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/am505351s	journal	October 2014
Synthesis and electrical response of single-ion conducting network polymers based on sodium poly(tetraalkoxyaluminates) Doan, Kate E.; Ratner, M. A.; Shriver, D. F. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00015a012	journal	May 1991
Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(Ethylene Glycol)-Based Single-Ion Conductors Dou, Shichen; Zhang, Shihai; Klein, Robert J. Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm0603699	journal	September 2006
Ionic radii in aqueous solutions Marcus, Yizhak Chemical Reviews, Vol. 88, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00090a003	journal	December 1988
A Study of the Hydration of the Alkali Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution Mähler, Johan; Persson, Ingmar Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 51, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic2018693	journal	December 2011
Ionic Aggregate Structure in Ionomer Melts: Effect of Molecular Architecture on Aggregates and the Ionomer Peak Hall, Lisa M.; Seitz, Michelle E.; Winey, Karen I. Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 134, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja209142b	journal	December 2011
Gyroid and Other Ordered Morphologies in Single-Ion Conducting Polymers and Their Impact on Ion Conductivity Yan, Lu; Rank, Christina; Mecking, Stefan Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 142, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.9b09701	journal	December 2019
Distinct Difference in Ionic Transport Behavior in Polymer Electrolytes Depending on the Matrix Polymers and Incorporated Salts Seki, Shiro; Susan, Md. Abu Bin Hasan; Kaneko, Taketo The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 109, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp045328j	journal	March 2005
Temperature Dependence of Ion Transport: The Compensated Arrhenius Equation Petrowsky, Matt; Frech, Roger The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 113, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp810095g	journal	April 2009
Long-range inhomogeneities in sulfonated polystyrene ionomers Li, Yingjie; Peiffer, Dennis G.; Chu, Benjamin Macromolecules, Vol. 26, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00067a042	journal	July 1993
Single-ion conduction in poly[(oligo(oxyethylene)methacrylate)-co-(alkali-metal methacrylates)] Tsuchida, Eishun; Ohno, Hiroyuki; Kobayashi, Norihisa Macromolecules, Vol. 21, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00179a020	journal	January 1988
Microstructure of ionomers: interpretation of small-angle x-ray scattering data Yarusso, David J.; Cooper, Stuart L. Macromolecules, Vol. 16, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00246a013	journal	December 1983
Does Ion Aggregation Impact Polymer Dynamics and Conductivity in PEO-Based Single Ion Conductors? Sinha, Kokonad; Maranas, Janna Macromolecules, Vol. 47, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma401856z	journal	April 2014
Interpretation of the Small-Angle X-ray Scattering from Swollen and Oriented Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes Elliott, J. A.; Hanna, S.; Elliott, A. M. S. Macromolecules, Vol. 33, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/ma991113+	journal	May 2000
Single-ion BAB triblock copolymers as highly efficient electrolytes for lithium-metal batteries Bouchet, Renaud; Maria, Sébastien; Meziane, Rachid Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3602	journal	March 2013
Decoupled ion conduction in poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid) homopolymers Noor, Siti Aminah Mohd; Sun, Jiazeng; MacFarlane, Douglas R. J. Mater. Chem. A, Vol. 2, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA03998J	journal	January 2014
Degradation and stabilization of lithium cobalt oxide in aqueous electrolytes Ramanujapuram, Anirudh; Gordon, Daniel; Magasinski, Alexandre Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00093B	journal	January 2016
Electrolyte design strategies and research progress for room-temperature sodium-ion batteries Che, Haiying; Chen, Suli; Xie, Yingying Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1039/C7EE00524E	journal	January 2017
Hierarchical structural designs of ion exchange membranes for flow batteries Yue, Xiujun; He, Qian; Lim, Hee-Dae Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TA11974K	journal	January 2019
Sodium-ion batteries using ion exchange membranes as electrolytes and separators Cao, Chengying; Liu, Weiwei; Tan, Lei Chemical Communications, Vol. 49, Issue 100 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc47549b	journal	January 2013
Cation only conduction in new polymer–SiO2 nanohybrids: Na+ electrolytes Villaluenga, Irune; Bogle, Xavier; Greenbaum, Steve Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 1, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta11290j	journal	January 2013
Modeling electrode polarization in dielectric spectroscopy: Ion mobility and mobile ion concentration of single-ion polymer electrolytes Klein, Robert J.; Zhang, Shihai; Dou, Shichen The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2186638	journal	April 2006
Ion Transport in Solvent-Free, Crosslinked, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Post-Lithium Ion Batteries Elmore, Clay; Seidler, Morgan; Ford, Hunter Batteries, Vol. 4, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries4020028	journal	June 2018

Similar Records

Synthesis of anion receptor grafted siloxane polymers and the ionic conductivity studies of polymer-salt complexes

Journal Article · 1999 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:345379

Lee, H S; Yang, X Q; Xiang, C; +3 more

Ionic conductivity and electrochemical characterization of novel microporous composite polymer electrolytes

Journal Article · 1999 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society · OSTI ID:20013029

Xu, W; Siow, K S; Gao, Z; +1 more

Poly(ethylene oxide)-silicate intercalation materials

Journal Article · · Chemistry of Materials; (United States) · OSTI ID:6838571

Aranda, P; Ruiz-Hitzky, E

Related Subjects

X-ray scattering
25 ENERGY STORAGE
battery
calcium
conductivity
energy storage
polymer electrolyte
potassium
single-ion conducting
sodium

Title: Comparison of Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolytes for Sodium, Potassium, and Calcium Batteries: Influence of Polymer Chemistry, Cation Identity, Charge Density, and Solvent on Conductivity

Citation Formats

References (57)

Similar Records

Related Subjects