Design Principles to Govern Electrode Fabrication for the Lithium Trivanadate Cathode

Mayilvahanan, Karthik; Brady, Nicholas; McCarthy, Alison H.; Wang, Lei; Marschilok, Amy C.; Takeuchi, Kenneth; Takeuchi, Esther; West, Alan C.

doi:10.1149/1945-7111/ab91c8

Title: Design Principles to Govern Electrode Fabrication for the Lithium Trivanadate Cathode

Journal Article · 27 May 2020 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ab91c8 · OSTI ID:1635101

Mayilvahanan, Karthik ^[1]; Brady, Nicholas ^[1];

^[2]; Wang, Lei ^[3]; Marschilok, Amy C. ^[4]; Takeuchi, Kenneth ^[2];

^[4];

^[1]

Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

A full depth of discharge mathematical model for the lithium trivanadate cathode, considering lithiation of the layered α-phase, phase change, and lithiation of the rock-salt like β-phase at lower potentials, is developed. The coupled electrode-scale and crystal-scale model is fit to electrochemical data, and additionally validated with operando EDXRD. There is good agreement between the simulated and measured spatial variation of the volume fraction of the β-phase. This mathematical model is used to guide electrode fabrication, accounting for both ionic and electronic transport effects. Values of three design parameters—electrode thickness, porosity, and volume fraction of conductor—are identified, and the sensitivity of the energy density to these design parameters is quantified. The model is also used to investigate electrode design to create electrodes that deliver the maximum achievable energy density under the constraint that the α to β-phase transition is avoided, since phase change has been demonstrated to reduce cycle life. The energy density sacrificed to avoid phase change decreases at higher discharge rates, but the target values for electrode fabrication remain the same as those when optimizing the electrode for the full depth of discharge.

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Research Organization:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Mesoscale Transport Properties (m2mt); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1635101

Report Number(s):: BNL--216088-2020-JAAM

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online), Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Online) Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 167; ISSN 1945-7111

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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