Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets

Dror, Jeff A.; Elor, Gilly; McGehee, Robert

doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2020)134

Title: Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets

Abstract

Absorption of fermionic dark matter leads to a range of distinct and novel signatures at dark matter direct detection and neutrino experiments. We study the possible signals from fermionic absorption by nuclear targets, which we divide into two classes of four Fermi operators: neutral and charged current. In the neutral current signal, dark matter is absorbed by a target nucleus and a neutrino is emitted. This results in a characteristically different nuclear recoil energy spectrum from that of elastic scattering. The charged current channel leads to induced β decays in isotopes which are stable in vacuum as well as shifts of the kinematic endpoint of β spectra in unstable isotopes. To confirm the possibility of observing these signals in light of other constraints, we introduce UV completions of example higher dimensional operators that lead to fermionic absorption signals and study their phenomenology. Most prominently, dark matter which exhibits fermionic absorption signals is necessarily unstable leading to stringent bounds from indirect detection searches. Nevertheless, we find a large viable parameter space in which dark matter is sufficiently long lived and detectable in current and future experiments.

Authors:

Dror, Jeff A. ^[1]; Elor, Gilly ^[2];

^[3]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: 2020-02-24

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1631632

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1774035

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0011637

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2020; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479

Publisher:: Springer Berlin

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; Beyond Standard Model; Effective Field Theories

Citation Formats


                    Dror, Jeff A., Elor, Gilly, and McGehee, Robert. Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets.  United States: N. p., 2020. 
Web.  doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2020)134.

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                    Dror, Jeff A., Elor, Gilly, & McGehee, Robert. Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2020)134

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                    Dror, Jeff A., Elor, Gilly, and McGehee, Robert. Mon .  
"Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2020)134.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1631632.

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@article{osti_1631632,

  title        = {Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets},

  author       = {Dror, Jeff A. and Elor, Gilly and McGehee, Robert},

  abstractNote = {Absorption of fermionic dark matter leads to a range of distinct and novel signatures at dark matter direct detection and neutrino experiments. We study the possible signals from fermionic absorption by nuclear targets, which we divide into two classes of four Fermi operators: neutral and charged current. In the neutral current signal, dark matter is absorbed by a target nucleus and a neutrino is emitted. This results in a characteristically different nuclear recoil energy spectrum from that of elastic scattering. The charged current channel leads to induced β decays in isotopes which are stable in vacuum as well as shifts of the kinematic endpoint of β spectra in unstable isotopes. To confirm the possibility of observing these signals in light of other constraints, we introduce UV completions of example higher dimensional operators that lead to fermionic absorption signals and study their phenomenology. Most prominently, dark matter which exhibits fermionic absorption signals is necessarily unstable leading to stringent bounds from indirect detection searches. Nevertheless, we find a large viable parameter space in which dark matter is sufficiently long lived and detectable in current and future experiments.},

  doi          = {10.1007/JHEP02(2020)134},

  journal      = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 2020,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2020},

  month        = {2}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Figure 1: Most constraining decays for χ in the neutral current model (left) and charged current model (right).

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Prospects for detecting supernova neutrino flavor oscillations

Journal Article Fuller, G M ; Haxton, W C ; McLaughlin, G C - Physical Review, D

The neutrinos from a type II supernova provide perhaps our best opportunity to probe cosmologically interesting muon and/or tauon neutrino masses. This is because matter enhanced neutrino oscillations can lead to an anomalously hot {nu}{sub e} spectrum, and thus to enhanced charged current cross sections in terrestrial detectors. Two recently proposed supernova neutrino observatories, OMNIS and LAND, will detect neutrons spalled from target nuclei by neutral and charged current neutrino interactions. As this signal is not flavor specific, it is not immediately clear whether a convincing neutrino oscillation signal can be extracted from such experiments. To address this issue wemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.085005

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Title: Absorption of fermionic dark matter by nuclear targets

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Figures / Tables:

Origins of hidden sector dark matter II: collider physics journal, March 2011

Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons journal, November 1936

Detectability of Light Dark Matter with Superfluid Helium journal, September 2016

The KATRIN neutrino mass experiment conference, August 2013

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays and cabibbo universality journal, December 1975

Review of mathematics, numerical factors, and corrections for dark matter experiments based on elastic nuclear recoil journal, December 1996

Improved search for heavy neutrinos in the decay π → e ν journal, April 2018

Origins of hidden sector dark matter I: cosmology journal, March 2011

Detecting superlight dark matter with Fermi-degenerate materials journal, August 2016

Phase-space mass bound for fermionic dark matter from dwarf spheroidal galaxies journal, January 2018

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation journal, December 2003

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation journal, December 2003

Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter journal, March 2010

Detection of light dark matter with optical phonons in polar materials journal, October 2018

Secluded WIMP dark matter journal, April 2008

Directional detection of dark matter with two-dimensional targets journal, September 2017

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations journal, July 2014

Semiconductor probes of light dark matter journal, November 2012

New Constraints on Light Vectors Coupled to Anomalous Currents journal, October 2017

New physics searches in nuclear and neutron β decay journal, January 2019

New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs journal, June 2019

Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter with semiconductor targets journal, May 2016

Self-interacting dark matter journal, October 1992

Excited states of 154Gd journal, August 1968

First Direct Detection Limits on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from XENON10 journal, July 2012

Some investigations on the decay of60Co journal, April 1968

Superconducting Detectors for Superlight Dark Matter journal, January 2016

(In)direct detection of boosted dark matter journal, October 2014

Neutrino mass calorimetric searches in the MARE experiment journal, August 2012

Codecaying Dark Matter journal, November 2016

Possible capture of keV sterile neutrino dark matter on radioactive β-decaying nuclei journal, January 2011

Mechanism for Thermal Relic Dark Matter of Strongly Interacting Massive Particles journal, October 2014

Sub-GeV dark matter detection with electron recoils in carbon nanotubes journal, January 2018

Semi-empirical calculation of quenching factors for scintillators: new results journal, January 2014

Role of sterile neutrino warm dark matter in rhenium and tritium beta decays journal, January 2013

Direct detection of light dark matter and solar neutrinos via color center production in crystals journal, July 2018

New Limits on Fundamental Weak-Interaction Parameters from Superallowed β Decay journal, March 2005

Results and future plans for the KamLAND-Zen experiment journal, September 2017

Novel Search for Heavy ν Mixing from the β + Decay of K 38 m Confined in an Atom Trap journal, January 2003

Phases of cannibal dark matter journal, December 2016

Development of a low level - low background beta-particle spectrometer journal, January 1992

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays journal, April 1973

Model for Thermal Relic Dark Matter of Strongly Interacting Massive Particles journal, July 2015

Proposed experiments to detect keV-range sterile neutrinos using energy-momentum reconstruction of beta decay or K-capture events journal, May 2019

The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation journal, December 2012

The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation journal, December 2012

The KATRIN neutrino mass experiment journal, November 2010

Elastically Decoupling Dark Matter journal, June 2016

Detecting non-relativistic cosmic neutrinos by capture on tritium: phenomenology and physics potential journal, August 2014

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays: A critical survey with tests of CVC and the standard model journal, March 1990

MeV neutrino dark matter: relic density, lepton flavour violation and electron recoil journal, November 2019

From eV to EeV: Neutrino cross sections across energy scales journal, September 2012

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations text, January 2014

Searching for low-mass dark matter particles with a massive Ge bolometer operated above ground journal, April 2019

DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS journal, March 2018

Precise measurement of 14C beta spectrum by using a wall-less proportional counter journal, July 2000

Constraining light dark matter with diffuse X-ray and gamma-ray observations journal, November 2013

Secluded WIMP Dark Matter text, January 2007

The KATRIN Neutrino Mass Experiment text, January 2008

Possible Capture of keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter on Radioactive beta-decaying Nuclei text, January 2010

Origins of Hidden Sector Dark Matter I: Cosmology text, January 2010

First Direct Detection Limits on sub-GeV Dark Matter from XENON10 text, January 2012

Semi-empirical calculation of quenching factors for scintillators: new results text, January 2013

Detecting non-relativistic cosmic neutrinos by capture on tritium: phenomenology and physics potential text, January 2014

Elastically Decoupling Dark Matter text, January 2015

Co-Decaying Dark Matter text, January 2016

Proposed experiments to detect keV range sterile neutrinos using energy-momentum reconstruction of beta decay or K-capture events preprint, January 2016

DarkSide-20k: A 20 Tonne Two-Phase LAr TPC for Direct Dark Matter Detection at LNGS text, January 2017

New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs text, January 2019

MeV neutrino dark matter: Relic density, lepton flavour violation and electron recoil text, January 2019

Direct detection of light dark matter and solar neutrinos via color center production in crystals journal, July 2018

(In)direct detection of boosted dark matter journal, October 2014

Theory of the Fermi Interaction journal, January 1958

Weak capture of protons by protons journal, August 1998

Interplay of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches in the effective field theory approach journal, January 2019

Hidden GeV-Scale Interactions of Quarks journal, August 2014

Origins of hidden sector dark matter II: collider physics
journal, March 2011

Folgerungen aus der Diracschen Theorie des Positrons
journal, November 1936

Detectability of Light Dark Matter with Superfluid Helium
journal, September 2016

The KATRIN neutrino mass experiment
conference, August 2013

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays and cabibbo universality
journal, December 1975

Review of mathematics, numerical factors, and corrections for dark matter experiments based on elastic nuclear recoil
journal, December 1996

Improved search for heavy neutrinos in the decay $π \to e ν$
journal, April 2018

Origins of hidden sector dark matter I: cosmology
journal, March 2011

Detecting superlight dark matter with Fermi-degenerate materials
journal, August 2016

Phase-space mass bound for fermionic dark matter from dwarf spheroidal galaxies
journal, January 2018

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2003

The Ame2003 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2003

Freeze-in production of FIMP dark matter
journal, March 2010

Detection of light dark matter with optical phonons in polar materials
journal, October 2018

Secluded WIMP dark matter
journal, April 2008

Directional detection of dark matter with two-dimensional targets
journal, September 2017

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations
journal, July 2014

Semiconductor probes of light dark matter
journal, November 2012

New Constraints on Light Vectors Coupled to Anomalous Currents
journal, October 2017

New physics searches in nuclear and neutron $β$ decay
journal, January 2019

New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs
journal, June 2019

Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter with semiconductor targets
journal, May 2016

Self-interacting dark matter
journal, October 1992

Excited states of 154Gd
journal, August 1968

First Direct Detection Limits on Sub-GeV Dark Matter from XENON10
journal, July 2012

Some investigations on the decay of60Co
journal, April 1968

Superconducting Detectors for Superlight Dark Matter
journal, January 2016

(In)direct detection of boosted dark matter
journal, October 2014

Neutrino mass calorimetric searches in the MARE experiment
journal, August 2012

Codecaying Dark Matter
journal, November 2016

Possible capture of keV sterile neutrino dark matter on radioactive β-decaying nuclei
journal, January 2011

Mechanism for Thermal Relic Dark Matter of Strongly Interacting Massive Particles
journal, October 2014

Sub-GeV dark matter detection with electron recoils in carbon nanotubes
journal, January 2018

Semi-empirical calculation of quenching factors for scintillators: new results
journal, January 2014

Role of sterile neutrino warm dark matter in rhenium and tritium beta decays
journal, January 2013

Direct detection of light dark matter and solar neutrinos via color center production in crystals
journal, July 2018

New Limits on Fundamental Weak-Interaction Parameters from Superallowed $β$ Decay
journal, March 2005

Results and future plans for the KamLAND-Zen experiment
journal, September 2017

Novel Search for Heavy $ν$ Mixing from the $β^{+}$ Decay of ${}^{38 m}K$ Confined in an Atom Trap
journal, January 2003

Phases of cannibal dark matter
journal, December 2016

Development of a low level - low background beta-particle spectrometer
journal, January 1992

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays
journal, April 1973

Model for Thermal Relic Dark Matter of Strongly Interacting Massive Particles
journal, July 2015

Proposed experiments to detect keV-range sterile neutrinos using energy-momentum reconstruction of beta decay or K-capture events
journal, May 2019

The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2012

The Ame2012 atomic mass evaluation
journal, December 2012

The KATRIN neutrino mass experiment
journal, November 2010

Elastically Decoupling Dark Matter
journal, June 2016

Detecting non-relativistic cosmic neutrinos by capture on tritium: phenomenology and physics potential
journal, August 2014

Superallowed 0+ → 0+ nuclear β-decays: A critical survey with tests of CVC and the standard model
journal, March 1990

MeV neutrino dark matter: relic density, lepton flavour violation and electron recoil
journal, November 2019

From eV to EeV: Neutrino cross sections across energy scales
journal, September 2012

The automated computation of tree-level and next-to-leading order differential cross sections, and their matching to parton shower simulations
text, January 2014

Searching for low-mass dark matter particles with a massive Ge bolometer operated above ground
journal, April 2019

DarkSide-20k: A 20 tonne two-phase LAr TPC for direct dark matter detection at LNGS
journal, March 2018

Precise measurement of 14C beta spectrum by using a wall-less proportional counter
journal, July 2000

Constraining light dark matter with diffuse X-ray and gamma-ray observations
journal, November 2013

Secluded WIMP Dark Matter
text, January 2007

The KATRIN Neutrino Mass Experiment
text, January 2008

Possible Capture of keV Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter on Radioactive beta-decaying Nuclei
text, January 2010

Origins of Hidden Sector Dark Matter I: Cosmology
text, January 2010

First Direct Detection Limits on sub-GeV Dark Matter from XENON10
text, January 2012

Semi-empirical calculation of quenching factors for scintillators: new results
text, January 2013

Detecting non-relativistic cosmic neutrinos by capture on tritium: phenomenology and physics potential
text, January 2014

Elastically Decoupling Dark Matter
text, January 2015

Co-Decaying Dark Matter
text, January 2016

Proposed experiments to detect keV range sterile neutrinos using energy-momentum reconstruction of beta decay or K-capture events
preprint, January 2016

DarkSide-20k: A 20 Tonne Two-Phase LAr TPC for Direct Dark Matter Detection at LNGS
text, January 2017

New mass bound on fermionic dark matter from a combined analysis of classical dSphs
text, January 2019

MeV neutrino dark matter: Relic density, lepton flavour violation and electron recoil
text, January 2019

Direct detection of light dark matter and solar neutrinos via color center production in crystals
journal, July 2018

(In)direct detection of boosted dark matter
journal, October 2014

Theory of the Fermi Interaction
journal, January 1958

Weak capture of protons by protons
journal, August 1998

Interplay of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches in the effective field theory approach
journal, January 2019

Hidden GeV-Scale Interactions of Quarks
journal, August 2014

Hidden MeV-Scale Dark Matter in Neutrino Detectors
text, January 2009

Semi-empirical calculation of quenching factors for ions in scintillators
text, January 2009

Direct Detection of Sub-GeV Dark Matter
text, January 2011

Constraining Light Dark Matter with Diffuse X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Observations
text, January 2013