Thermodynamic analysis of a novel fossil-fuel–free energy storage system with a trans-critical carbon dioxide cycle and heat pump

Hao, Yinping; He, Qing; Liu, Wenyi; Pan, Lehua; Oldenburg, Curtis M.

doi:10.1002/er.5130

Title: Thermodynamic analysis of a novel fossil-fuel–free energy storage system with a trans-critical carbon dioxide cycle and heat pump

Journal Article · 16 January 2020 · International Journal of Energy Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5130 · OSTI ID:1631621

^[1]; He, Qing ^[2]; Liu, Wenyi ^[2]; Pan, Lehua ^[3]; Oldenburg, Curtis M. ^[3]

North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing (China); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
North China Electric Power Univ., Beijing (China)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

This paper presents and analyzes a novel fossil-fuel–free trans-critical energy storage system that uses CO₂ as the working fluid in a closed loop shuttled between two saline aquifers or caverns at different depths: one a low-pressure reservoir and the other a high-pressure reservoir. Thermal energy storage and a heat pump are adopted to eliminate the need for external natural gas for heating the CO₂ entering the energy recovery turbines. We carefully analyze the energy storage and recovery processes to reveal the actual efficiency of the system. We also highlight thermodynamic and sensitivity analyses of the performance of this fossil-fuel–free trans-critical energy storage system based on a steady-state mathematical method. It is found that the fossil-fuel–free trans-critical CO₂ energy storage system has good comprehensive thermodynamic performance. The exergy efficiency, round-trip efficiency, and energy storage efficiency are 67.89%, 66%, and 58.41%, and the energy generated of per unit storage volume is 2.12 kW·h/m³, and the main contribution to exergy destruction is the turbine reheater, from which we can quantify how performance can be improved. Finally, with a higher energy storage and recovery pressure and lower pressure in the low-pressure reservoir, this novel system shows promising performance.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Key Research and Development Program of China; USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1631621

Journal Information:: International Journal of Energy Research, Journal Name: International Journal of Energy Research Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 44; ISSN 0363-907X; ISSN 1099-114X

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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