DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study

Abstract

LaB6 has been a material of interest for decades due to its thermionic emission, plasmonic properties, and low work function, and researchers continue to discover new properties even now. In order to meet growing interest in customizing these properties, it is important to gain better control over the system and a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of LaB6 crystal growth and formation. Traditional synthetic methods require very high temperatures, at which point crystallization happens too quickly to be readily studied. Our discovery that LaB6 may be made using lower temperatures has made it possible to slow down crystal formation enough for lattice growth to be observed. Here, we report an in situ diffraction study of the reaction between LaCl3 and NaBH4 . In observing the evolution of the (1 1 1), (1 1 0), and (2 0 0) lattice planes of LaB6, we have discovered that the Cl of LaCl3 has a strong influence on crystal formation, and that excess Cl, temperature and heating rate may all be used as tools to control the LaB6 final product.

Authors:
; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of Workforce Development for Teachers & Scientists (WDTS); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS)
OSTI Identifier:
1630948
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1434032
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of Crystal Growth
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of Crystal Growth Journal Volume: 486 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0022-0248
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
Netherlands
Language:
English
Subject:
37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; A1. X-ray diffraction; B1. Nanostructures; B1. Halides; B1. Inorganic compounds; B1. Hexaborides

Citation Formats

Mattox, Tracy M., Groome, Chloe, Doran, Andrew, Beavers, Christine M., and Urban, Jeffrey J. Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study. Netherlands: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.01.013.
Mattox, Tracy M., Groome, Chloe, Doran, Andrew, Beavers, Christine M., & Urban, Jeffrey J. Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study. Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.01.013
Mattox, Tracy M., Groome, Chloe, Doran, Andrew, Beavers, Christine M., and Urban, Jeffrey J. Thu . "Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study". Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.01.013.
@article{osti_1630948,
title = {Chloride influence on the formation of lanthanum hexaboride: An in-situ diffraction study},
author = {Mattox, Tracy M. and Groome, Chloe and Doran, Andrew and Beavers, Christine M. and Urban, Jeffrey J.},
abstractNote = {LaB6 has been a material of interest for decades due to its thermionic emission, plasmonic properties, and low work function, and researchers continue to discover new properties even now. In order to meet growing interest in customizing these properties, it is important to gain better control over the system and a better understanding of the fundamental mechanism of LaB6 crystal growth and formation. Traditional synthetic methods require very high temperatures, at which point crystallization happens too quickly to be readily studied. Our discovery that LaB6 may be made using lower temperatures has made it possible to slow down crystal formation enough for lattice growth to be observed. Here, we report an in situ diffraction study of the reaction between LaCl3 and NaBH4 . In observing the evolution of the (1 1 1), (1 1 0), and (2 0 0) lattice planes of LaB6, we have discovered that the Cl of LaCl3 has a strong influence on crystal formation, and that excess Cl, temperature and heating rate may all be used as tools to control the LaB6 final product.},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.01.013},
journal = {Journal of Crystal Growth},
number = C,
volume = 486,
place = {Netherlands},
year = {Thu Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Mar 01 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2018.01.013

Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 6 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Works referenced in this record:

Synthesis and properties of nanostructured dense LaB6 cathodes by arc plasma and reactive spark plasma sintering
journal, September 2010


Origins of high visible light transparency and solar heat-shielding performance in LaB 6
journal, July 2012

  • Xiao, Lihua; Su, Yuchang; Zhou, Xiaozhong
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4733386

A solid-state reaction route to prepare LaB6 nanocrystals in vacuum
journal, September 2011


Lanthanum Hexaboride Nanoobelisks
journal, December 2007

  • Brewer, Joseph Reese; Deo, Nirmalendu; Morris Wang, Y.
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 26
  • DOI: 10.1021/cm702315x

A low-temperature route for the synthesis of nanocrystalline LaB6
journal, February 2008


Anion-mediated negative thermal expansion in lanthanum hexaboride
journal, October 2017


Effects of Nanoparticle Shape and Size on Optical Properties of LaB6
journal, October 2015


Influence of negative lattice expansion and metamagnetic transition on magnetic entropy change in the compound LaFe11.4Si1.6
journal, June 2001

  • Hu, Feng-xia; Shen, Bao-gen; Sun, Ji-rong
  • Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 78, Issue 23
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1375836

Solar radiation shielding properties of transparent LaB6 filters through experimental and first-principles calculation methods
journal, September 2016


Arc plasma synthesized LaB6 nanocrystallite film on various substrates as a field emitter
journal, November 2009

  • Late, Dattatray J.; Karmakar, Soumen; More, Mahendra A.
  • Journal of Nanoparticle Research, Vol. 12, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1007/s11051-009-9798-4

Effects of Size and Structural Defects on the Vibrational Properties of Lanthanum Hexaboride Nanocrystals
journal, May 2017


Negative Thermal Expansion in ZrW 2 O 8 and HfW 2 O 8
journal, January 1996

  • Evans, J. S. O.; Mary, T. A.; Vogt, T.
  • Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 8, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1021/cm9602959

Boride Cathodes
journal, March 1951

  • Lafferty, J. M.
  • Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.1699946

Single-Crystalline LaB 6 Nanowires
journal, March 2005

  • Zhang, Han; Zhang, Qi; Tang, Jie
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 127, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja043512c

Structural Relationship between Negative Thermal Expansion and Quartic Anharmonicity of Cubic ScF 3
journal, November 2011


Evolution of Vibrational Properties in Lanthanum Hexaboride Nanocrystals
journal, February 2016

  • Mattox, Tracy M.; Chockkalingam, Shruthi; Roh, Inwhan
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b12680

Compact low power infrared tube furnace for in situ X-ray powder diffraction
journal, January 2017

  • Doran, A.; Schlicker, L.; Beavers, C. M.
  • Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 88, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1063/1.4973561

Field Emission of Electrons from Single LaB6 Nanowires
journal, January 2006


Low Temperature Synthesis and Surface Plasmon Resonance of Colloidal Lanthanum Hexaboride (LaB 6 ) Nanocrystals
journal, September 2015


Synthesis and X-ray structure of an organolanthanum complex [(ButCp)3LaClLi(THF)3]
journal, November 1994


DIOPTAS : a program for reduction of two-dimensional X-ray diffraction data and data exploration
journal, May 2015


The formation of calcium and certain rare-earth hexaboride single crystals
journal, November 1971


Tunable transmission light in nanocrystalline La1−xEuxB6
journal, January 2015


Lattice Strain and Lattice Expansion of Nanoparticles of MgAl 2 O 4 as a Function of Particle Size
journal, June 2007

  • George, K. C.; Kurien, Siby; Mathew, Jose
  • Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2007.760

Analytical and structural analysis of the lanthanum-deficient lanthanum hexaboride
journal, April 1984

  • McKelvy, Michael J.; Eyring, L.; Storms, E. K.
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 88, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1021/j150653a024

Features of the real structure of lanthanum hexaboride single crystals
journal, March 1995


Growth and design of LaB 6 microcrystals by aluminum melt reaction method
journal, January 2013

  • Pengting, Li; Chong, Li; Jinfeng, Nie
  • CrystEngComm, Vol. 15, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1039/C2CE26568K