Dynamic Processes of CO2 Storage in the Field: 1. Multiscale and Multipath Channeling of CO2 Flow in the Hierarchical Fluvial Reservoir at Cranfield, Mississippi

Zhou, Quanlin; Yang, Xianjin; Zhang, Rui; Hosseini, Seyyed A.; Ajo‐Franklin, Jonathan B.; Freifeld, Barry M.; Daley, Thomas M.; Hovorka, Susan D.

doi:10.1029/2019WR025688

Title: Dynamic Processes of CO₂ Storage in the Field: 1. Multiscale and Multipath Channeling of CO₂ Flow in the Hierarchical Fluvial Reservoir at Cranfield, Mississippi

Journal Article · 28 November 2019 · Water Resources Research

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR025688 · OSTI ID:1630812

Zhou, Quanlin ^[1]; Yang, Xianjin ^[2]; Zhang, Rui ^[3]; Hosseini, Seyyed A. ^[4]; Ajo‐Franklin, Jonathan B. ^[5]; Freifeld, Barry M. ^[1]; Daley, Thomas M. ^[1]; Hovorka, Susan D. ^[4]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Louisiana, Lafayette, LA (United States)
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States)

A consistent picture of dynamic channeling, invasion, spreading, and breakthrough (CISB) of supercritical CO₂ in the hierarchical fluvial reservoir at Cranfield, Mississippi is presented after 10 years of integration and analysis of complementary field monitoring and characterization data. The dynamic CISB with small-scale CO ₂-flow channels in the F1-F2-F3 cross section (F1, F2, and F3 are one injection and two monitoring wells) was imaged by daily electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and time-lapse crosswell seismic surveys. One, three, and four CO₂ flow channels logged at F1, F2, and F3, respectively, were dynamically connected with strong temporal variations in CO₂ saturation during 221 days of drainage with injection rate doubling twice and 81 days of imbibition. Three intermediate-scale CO ₂flow channels (with highest CO₂ saturation) normal to the cross section were ERT-imaged during late-time drainage. A large-scale, sinuous fluvial CO ₂flow channel was imaged by repeat surface seismic survey at the end of the imbibition. The fluvial sandstone channel sinuously bypasses the F1-F2-F3 cross section in a point bar, but the channel is connected to the cross section through an intermediate-scale sandstone channel, forming a complicated flow channel network. The multiscale flow channel network (in the fluvial channel-point bar system) revealed from the observed CISB enables us to consistently interpret the hydrological monitoring data of three tracer tests, each conducted during an injection rate step, and preinjection hydraulic-thermal-tracer tests. Finally, this interpretation of the CISB and flow channel network can guide future modeling and data inversion to best understand the effects of natural heterogeneity on CO₂ storage efficiency and residual trapping.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; AC02-05CH11231; AC02‐05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1630812

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1602316

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-775404; 968117

Journal Information:: Water Resources Research, Vol. 56, Issue 2; ISSN 0043-1397

Publisher:: American Geophysical Union (AGU)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 9 works

Citation information provided by
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natural heterogeneity
joint inversion

Title: Dynamic Processes of CO2 Storage in the Field: 1. Multiscale and Multipath Channeling of CO2 Flow in the Hierarchical Fluvial Reservoir at Cranfield, Mississippi

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Title: Dynamic Processes of CO₂ Storage in the Field: 1. Multiscale and Multipath Channeling of CO₂ Flow in the Hierarchical Fluvial Reservoir at Cranfield, Mississippi