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Title: A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters

Abstract

We use imaging from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey to characterize the dynamical state of 288 galaxy clusters at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 detected in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect survey (SPT-SZ). We examine spatial offsets between the position of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the centre of the gas distribution as traced by the SPT-SZ centroid and by the X-ray centroid/peak position from Chandra and XMM data. We show that the radial distribution of offsets provides no evidence that SPT SZ-selected cluster samples include a higher fraction of mergers than X-ray-selected cluster samples. We use the offsets to classify the dynamical state of the clusters, selecting the 43 most disturbed clusters, with half of those at z ≳ 0.5, a region seldom explored previously. We find that Schechter function fits to the galaxy population in disturbed clusters and relaxed clusters differ at z > 0.55 but not at lower redshifts. Disturbed clusters at z > 0.55 have steeper faint-end slopes and brighter characteristic magnitudes. Within the same redshift range, we find that the BCGs in relaxed clusters tend to be brighter than the BCGs in disturbed samples, while in agreementmore » in the lower redshift bin. Possible explanations includes a higher merger rate, and a more efficient dynamical friction at high redshift. The red-sequence population is less affected by the cluster dynamical state than the general galaxy population.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [4];  [6];  [7];  [4];  [3];  [5];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16] more »;  [17];  [18];  [14];  [19];  [20];  [21];  [22];  [23];  [24];  [25];  [26];  [21];  [27];  [14];  [18];  [28];  [29];  [14];  [30];  [24];  [6];  [15];  [29];  [31];  [22];  [26];  [14];  [32];  [33];  [34];  [35];  [36];  [18];  [13];  [37];  [26];  [38];  [39];  [22];  [40];  [26];  [41];  [39];  [19];  [19];  [21];  [14];  [42];  [24];  [21];  [43];  [44];  [45];  [46];  [42];  [47];  [3];  [1];  [4];  [48] « less
  1. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
  2. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Gemini Observatory, NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile
  3. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany
  4. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Pevensey Building, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
  5. Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
  6. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA, Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
  7. Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany, Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy
  8. Astronomy Unit, Department of Physics, University of Trieste, via Tiepolo 11, I-34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy, INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy
  9. The Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
  10. Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University, PO Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  11. Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Juan Cisternas 1200, La Serena, 1720236, Chile
  12. Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Luisenstr 37, D-80333 Munich, Germany
  13. Departamento de Física Matemática, Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 66318, São Paulo, SP 05314-970, Brazil, Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
  14. Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA
  15. Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
  16. Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
  17. CNRS, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, F-75014 Paris, France
  18. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
  19. Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University, PO Box 2450, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
  20. Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova University Centre, SE 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
  21. Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 40 - 28040 Madrid, Spain
  22. Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  23. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
  24. Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), E-08034 Barcelona, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain
  25. INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143 Trieste, Italy, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, I-34014 Trieste, Italy
  26. Laboratório Interinstitucional de e-Astronomia – LIneA, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil, Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal. José Cristino 77, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil
  27. Department of Physics, IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Telangana 502285, India
  28. Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
  29. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA, Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  30. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
  31. Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  32. Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK, Département de Physique Théorique and Center for Astroparticle Physics, Université de Genève, 24 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
  33. School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
  34. Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
  35. Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
  36. Australian Astronomical Optics, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia, Lowell Observatory, 1400 Mars Hill Rd, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA
  37. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
  38. Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
  39. Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
  40. Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain
  41. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA, Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
  42. Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
  43. School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
  44. Physics Department, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
  45. Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
  46. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, 1205 West Clark St, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
  47. Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
  48. (
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); National Science Foundation (NSF); ERC-StG; FARE-MIUR; Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO); European Research Council (ERC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR)
Contributing Org.:
DES Collaboration
OSTI Identifier:
1630223
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1618065; OSTI ID: 1638051; OSTI ID: 1659586; OSTI ID: 1784906
Report Number(s):
arXiv:2004.01721; DES-2017-0323; FERMILAB-PUB-20-097-AE
Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0010107; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-76SF00515; 716762; 240672; 291329; 306478; R165SBKTMA; AST-1138766; AST-1536171; AYA2015-71825; ESP2015-66861; FPA2015-68048; SEV-2016-0588; SEV-2016-0597; MDM-2015-0509; FP7/2007-2013; SC0019193; AC05-00OR22725
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal Volume: 495 Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0035-8711
Publisher:
Royal Astronomical Society
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; Galaxies; galaxy evolution; luminosity function; mass function; galaxy clusters

Citation Formats

Zenteno, A., Hernández-Lang, D., Klein, M., Vergara Cervantes, C., Hollowood, D. L., Bhargava, S., Palmese, A., Strazzullo, V., Romer, A. K., Mohr, J. J., Jeltema, T., Saro, A., Lidman, C., Gruen, D., Ojeda, V., Katzenberger, A., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bayliss, M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capasso, R., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gonzalez, J. R., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., McDonald, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters. United Kingdom: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1157.
Zenteno, A., Hernández-Lang, D., Klein, M., Vergara Cervantes, C., Hollowood, D. L., Bhargava, S., Palmese, A., Strazzullo, V., Romer, A. K., Mohr, J. J., Jeltema, T., Saro, A., Lidman, C., Gruen, D., Ojeda, V., Katzenberger, A., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bayliss, M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capasso, R., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gonzalez, J. R., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., McDonald, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., Wilkinson, R. D., & DES Collaboration). A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1157
Zenteno, A., Hernández-Lang, D., Klein, M., Vergara Cervantes, C., Hollowood, D. L., Bhargava, S., Palmese, A., Strazzullo, V., Romer, A. K., Mohr, J. J., Jeltema, T., Saro, A., Lidman, C., Gruen, D., Ojeda, V., Katzenberger, A., Aguena, M., Allam, S., Avila, S., Bayliss, M., Bertin, E., Brooks, D., Buckley-Geer, E., Burke, D. L., Capasso, R., Carnero Rosell, A., Carrasco Kind, M., Carretero, J., Castander, F. J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., De Vicente, J., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Eifler, T. F., Evrard, A. E., Flaugher, B., Floyd, B., Fosalba, P., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gerdes, D. W., Gonzalez, J. R., Gruendl, R. A., Gschwend, J., Gutierrez, G., Hartley, W. G., Hinton, S. R., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lahav, O., Lima, M., McDonald, M., Maia, M. A. G., March, M., Melchior, P., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Ogando, R. L. C., Paz-Chinchón, F., Plazas, A. A., Roodman, A., Rykoff, E. S., Sanchez, E., Scarpine, V., Schubnell, M., Serrano, S., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Soares-Santos, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Thomas, D., Varga, T. N., Walker, A. R., Wilkinson, R. D., and DES Collaboration). Mon . "A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1157.
@article{osti_1630223,
title = {A joint SZ–X-ray–optical analysis of the dynamical state of 288 massive galaxy clusters},
author = {Zenteno, A. and Hernández-Lang, D. and Klein, M. and Vergara Cervantes, C. and Hollowood, D. L. and Bhargava, S. and Palmese, A. and Strazzullo, V. and Romer, A. K. and Mohr, J. J. and Jeltema, T. and Saro, A. and Lidman, C. and Gruen, D. and Ojeda, V. and Katzenberger, A. and Aguena, M. and Allam, S. and Avila, S. and Bayliss, M. and Bertin, E. and Brooks, D. and Buckley-Geer, E. and Burke, D. L. and Capasso, R. and Carnero Rosell, A. and Carrasco Kind, M. and Carretero, J. and Castander, F. J. and Costanzi, M. and da Costa, L. N. and De Vicente, J. and Desai, S. and Diehl, H. T. and Doel, P. and Eifler, T. F. and Evrard, A. E. and Flaugher, B. and Floyd, B. and Fosalba, P. and Frieman, J. and García-Bellido, J. and Gerdes, D. W. and Gonzalez, J. R. and Gruendl, R. A. and Gschwend, J. and Gutierrez, G. and Hartley, W. G. and Hinton, S. R. and Honscheid, K. and James, D. J. and Kuehn, K. and Lahav, O. and Lima, M. and McDonald, M. and Maia, M. A. G. and March, M. and Melchior, P. and Menanteau, F. and Miquel, R. and Ogando, R. L. C. and Paz-Chinchón, F. and Plazas, A. A. and Roodman, A. and Rykoff, E. S. and Sanchez, E. and Scarpine, V. and Schubnell, M. and Serrano, S. and Sevilla-Noarbe, I. and Smith, M. and Soares-Santos, M. and Suchyta, E. and Swanson, M. E. C. and Tarle, G. and Thomas, D. and Varga, T. N. and Walker, A. R. and Wilkinson, R. D. and DES Collaboration)},
abstractNote = {We use imaging from the first three years of the Dark Energy Survey to characterize the dynamical state of 288 galaxy clusters at 0.1 ≲ z ≲ 0.9 detected in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) effect survey (SPT-SZ). We examine spatial offsets between the position of the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the centre of the gas distribution as traced by the SPT-SZ centroid and by the X-ray centroid/peak position from Chandra and XMM data. We show that the radial distribution of offsets provides no evidence that SPT SZ-selected cluster samples include a higher fraction of mergers than X-ray-selected cluster samples. We use the offsets to classify the dynamical state of the clusters, selecting the 43 most disturbed clusters, with half of those at z ≳ 0.5, a region seldom explored previously. We find that Schechter function fits to the galaxy population in disturbed clusters and relaxed clusters differ at z > 0.55 but not at lower redshifts. Disturbed clusters at z > 0.55 have steeper faint-end slopes and brighter characteristic magnitudes. Within the same redshift range, we find that the BCGs in relaxed clusters tend to be brighter than the BCGs in disturbed samples, while in agreement in the lower redshift bin. Possible explanations includes a higher merger rate, and a more efficient dynamical friction at high redshift. The red-sequence population is less affected by the cluster dynamical state than the general galaxy population.},
doi = {10.1093/mnras/staa1157},
journal = {Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society},
number = 1,
volume = 495,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Mon May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Mon May 04 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}

Journal Article:
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https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1157

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Galaxy Merger Fractions in Two Clusters at $z\sim 2$ Using the Hubble Space Telescope
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Shocking Tails in the Major Merger Abell 2744
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