Leveraging Sequential Doping of Semiconducting Polymers to Enable Functionally Graded Materials for Organic Thermoelectrics
Abstract
With the ability to modulate electronic properties through molecular doping coupled with ease in processability, semiconducting polymers are at the forefront in enabling organic thermoelectric devices for thermal energy management. In contrast to uniform thermoelectric material properties, an alternative route focuses on functionally graded materials (FGMs) where one spatially controls and optimizes transport properties across the length of a thermoelectric material. While primarily studied in the context of inorganic materials, the concept of FGMs for organic thermoelectrics has not been explored. Herein, we introduce how molecular doping of semiconducting polymers enables spatial compositional control of thin-film FGMs. Specifically, we utilize sequential vapor doping of poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl) thieno [3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT) with the small molecule acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) to fabricate the simplest form of FGMs – double- segmented thin films. The two thin-film segments are of equal length (7.5 mm), but each set to different doping levels. Our study focuses on understanding the thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, α, and electronic conductivity, σ) and structural properties (through X-ray scattering, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) within and across the two segments. We observe the presence of a small diffuse interfacial region of 0.5 – 1 mm between the two segments where the doping level andmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[1];
[1];
[2];
[3]
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States)
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1630076
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; DMR-1420709
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Macromolecules
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 53; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0024-9297
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; functionally graded materials; molecular doping; organic thermoelectrics; semiconducting polymers; sequential doping
Citation Formats
Ma, Tengzhou, Dong, Ban Xuan, Grocke, Garrett L., Strzalka, Joseph, and Patel, Shrayesh N. Leveraging Sequential Doping of Semiconducting Polymers to Enable Functionally Graded Materials for Organic Thermoelectrics. United States: N. p., 2020.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00402.
Ma, Tengzhou, Dong, Ban Xuan, Grocke, Garrett L., Strzalka, Joseph, & Patel, Shrayesh N. Leveraging Sequential Doping of Semiconducting Polymers to Enable Functionally Graded Materials for Organic Thermoelectrics. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00402
Ma, Tengzhou, Dong, Ban Xuan, Grocke, Garrett L., Strzalka, Joseph, and Patel, Shrayesh N. Tue .
"Leveraging Sequential Doping of Semiconducting Polymers to Enable Functionally Graded Materials for Organic Thermoelectrics". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00402. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1630076.
@article{osti_1630076,
title = {Leveraging Sequential Doping of Semiconducting Polymers to Enable Functionally Graded Materials for Organic Thermoelectrics},
author = {Ma, Tengzhou and Dong, Ban Xuan and Grocke, Garrett L. and Strzalka, Joseph and Patel, Shrayesh N.},
abstractNote = {With the ability to modulate electronic properties through molecular doping coupled with ease in processability, semiconducting polymers are at the forefront in enabling organic thermoelectric devices for thermal energy management. In contrast to uniform thermoelectric material properties, an alternative route focuses on functionally graded materials (FGMs) where one spatially controls and optimizes transport properties across the length of a thermoelectric material. While primarily studied in the context of inorganic materials, the concept of FGMs for organic thermoelectrics has not been explored. Herein, we introduce how molecular doping of semiconducting polymers enables spatial compositional control of thin-film FGMs. Specifically, we utilize sequential vapor doping of poly[2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophen-2-yl) thieno [3,2-b]thiophene] (PBTTT) with the small molecule acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) to fabricate the simplest form of FGMs – double- segmented thin films. The two thin-film segments are of equal length (7.5 mm), but each set to different doping levels. Our study focuses on understanding the thermoelectric properties (Seebeck coefficient, α, and electronic conductivity, σ) and structural properties (through X-ray scattering, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) within and across the two segments. We observe the presence of a small diffuse interfacial region of 0.5 – 1 mm between the two segments where the doping level and transport properties vary continuously. Despite the diffuse interface, the measured effective Seebeck coefficient (αeff) across the two segments is simply the average of α within each segment. Importantly, this experimental result is consistent with reported mathematical models describing αeff in graded thermoelectric materials. Finally, our results demonstrate the facile fabrication and characterization of functionally graded organic thermoelectric materials, providing guidelines for further development on more complex FGMs.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00402},
journal = {Macromolecules},
number = 8,
volume = 53,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020},
month = {Tue Apr 07 00:00:00 EDT 2020}
}
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