DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels

Abstract

Voltage-gated ion channels share a common structure typified by peripheral, voltage sensor domains. Their S4 segments respond to alteration in membrane potential with translocation coupled to ion permeation through a central pore domain. The mechanisms of gating in these channels have been intensely studied using pioneering methods such as measurement of charge displacement across a membrane, sequencing of genes coding for voltage-gated ion channels, and the development of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using structural information from prokaryotic and eukaryotic channel proteins. One aspect of this work has been the description of the role of conserved negative countercharges in S1, S2, and S3 transmembrane segments to promote sequential salt-bridge formation with positively charged residues in S4 segments. These interactions facilitate S4 translocation through the lipid bilayer. In this review, we describe functional and computational work investigating the role of these countercharges in S4 translocation, voltage sensor domain hydration, and in diseases resulting from countercharge mutations.

Authors:
 [1];  [2]
  1. Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences
  2. Idaho State Univ., Pocatello, ID (United States). Dept. of Biological Sciences; Oregon Health and Sciences University School of Medicine, Portland, OR (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); National Institutes of Health (NIH); Idaho IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence (INBRE); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); USDOE Office of Nuclear Energy (NE)
OSTI Identifier:
1628212
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC07-05ID14517; 1R15NS093579-01A1; P20GM103408
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Frontiers in Pharmacology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 1663-9812
Publisher:
Frontiers Research Foundation
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; pharmacology & pharmacy; countercharge; crystallography; electrostatic; ion channel; molecular dynamics; channelopathy; sliding helix model; voltage sensor domain

Citation Formats

Groome, James R., and Bayless-Edwards, Landon. Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels. United States: N. p., 2020. Web. doi:10.3389/fphar.2020.00160.
Groome, James R., & Bayless-Edwards, Landon. Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels. United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00160
Groome, James R., and Bayless-Edwards, Landon. Fri . "Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels". United States. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.00160. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1628212.
@article{osti_1628212,
title = {Roles for Countercharge in the Voltage Sensor Domain of Ion Channels},
author = {Groome, James R. and Bayless-Edwards, Landon},
abstractNote = {Voltage-gated ion channels share a common structure typified by peripheral, voltage sensor domains. Their S4 segments respond to alteration in membrane potential with translocation coupled to ion permeation through a central pore domain. The mechanisms of gating in these channels have been intensely studied using pioneering methods such as measurement of charge displacement across a membrane, sequencing of genes coding for voltage-gated ion channels, and the development of all-atom molecular dynamics simulations using structural information from prokaryotic and eukaryotic channel proteins. One aspect of this work has been the description of the role of conserved negative countercharges in S1, S2, and S3 transmembrane segments to promote sequential salt-bridge formation with positively charged residues in S4 segments. These interactions facilitate S4 translocation through the lipid bilayer. In this review, we describe functional and computational work investigating the role of these countercharges in S4 translocation, voltage sensor domain hydration, and in diseases resulting from countercharge mutations.},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2020.00160},
journal = {Frontiers in Pharmacology},
number = ,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2020},
month = {Fri Feb 28 00:00:00 EST 2020}
}

Works referenced in this record:

Down-State Model of the Voltage-Sensing Domain of a Potassium Channel
journal, June 2010


X-ray structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel
journal, May 2003

  • Jiang, Youxing; Lee, Alice; Chen, Jiayun
  • Nature, Vol. 423, Issue 6935
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature01580

Role of putative voltage-sensor countercharge D4 in regulating gating properties of Ca V 1.2 and Ca V 1.3 calcium channels
journal, January 2018


Contributions of counter-charge in a potassium channel voltage-sensor domain
journal, July 2011

  • Pless, Stephan A.; Galpin, Jason D.; Niciforovic, Ana P.
  • Nature Chemical Biology, Vol. 7, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.622

Molecular model of the action potential sodium channel.
journal, January 1986

  • Guy, H. R.; Seetharamulu, P.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 83, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.83.2.508

Mechanism of Voltage Gating in Potassium Channels
journal, April 2012


Voltage-Dependent Structural Interactions in the Shaker K+ Channel
journal, January 2000

  • Tiwari-Woodruff, Seema K.; Lin, Meng-chin A.; Schulteis, Christine T.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 115, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.115.2.123

Coupled Movements in Voltage-gated Ion Channels
journal, September 2002


Structure of the human voltage-gated sodium channel Na v 1.4 in complex with β1
journal, September 2018


Gating currents in Shaker K+ channels. Implications for activation and inactivation models
journal, April 1992


Spectrum of Mutations in Long-QT Syndrome Genes: KVLQT1 , HERG , SCN5A , KCNE1 , and KCNE2
journal, September 2000


A Common Pathway for Charge Transport through Voltage-Sensing Domains
journal, February 2008


The twisted ion-permeation pathway of a resting voltage-sensing domain
journal, December 2006

  • Tombola, Francesco; Pathak, Medha M.; Gorostiza, Pau
  • Nature, Vol. 445, Issue 7127
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature05396

Inactivation of the sodium channel. II. Gating current experiments.
journal, November 1977

  • Armstrong, C. M.; Bezanilla, F.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 70, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.70.5.567

Gating-induced large aqueous volumetric remodeling and aspartate tolerance in the voltage sensor domain of Shaker K + channels
journal, July 2018

  • Díaz-Franulic, Ignacio; González-Pérez, Vivian; Moldenhauer, Hans
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806578115

Spectrum and prevalence of mutations from the first 2,500 consecutive unrelated patients referred for the FAMILION® long QT syndrome genetic test
journal, September 2009


Probing α -3 10 Transitions in a Voltage-Sensing S4 Helix
journal, September 2014

  • Kubota, Tomoya; Lacroix, Jérôme J.; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 107, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.042

Gating of single Shaker potassium channels in Drosophila muscle and in Xenopus oocytes injected with Shaker mRNA.
journal, September 1989

  • Zagotta, W. N.; Hoshi, T.; Aldrich, R. W.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 86, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.18.7243

Currents Related to Movement of the Gating Particles of the Sodium Channels
journal, April 1973

  • Armstrong, Clay M.; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Nature, Vol. 242, Issue 5398
  • DOI: 10.1038/242459a0

DHPLC analysis of potassium ion channel genes in congenital long QT syndrome
journal, October 2002

  • Jongbloed, Roselie; Marcelis, Carlo; Velter, Crool
  • Human Mutation, Vol. 20, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1002/humu.10131

Asymmetric functional contributions of acidic and aromatic side chains in sodium channel voltage-sensor domains
journal, April 2014

  • Pless, Stephan A.; Elstone, Fisal D.; Niciforovic, Ana P.
  • The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 143, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311036

Influences: The Cell Physiology Laboratory in Montemar, Chile
journal, October 2018


Striking In Vivo Phenotype of a Disease-Associated Human SCN5A Mutation Producing Minimal Changes in Vitro
journal, August 2011


Structure of the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.1 at 3.6 Å resolution
journal, August 2016

  • Wu, Jianping; Yan, Zhen; Li, Zhangqiang
  • Nature, Vol. 537, Issue 7619
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature19321

A Gating Charge Transfer Center in Voltage Sensors
journal, April 2010


Confirming an expanded spectrum of SCN2A mutations: a case series
journal, March 2014

  • Matalon, Dena; Goldberg, Ethan; Medne, Livija
  • Epileptic Disorders, Vol. 16, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1684/epd.2014.0641

Mechanisms Responsible for ω -Pore Currents in Ca v Calcium Channel Voltage-Sensing Domains
journal, October 2017

  • Monteleone, Stefania; Lieb, Andreas; Pinggera, Alexandra
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 113, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.08.010

310-Helix Conformation Facilitates the Transition of a Voltage Sensor S4 Segment toward the Down State
journal, March 2011


A Prokaryotic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
journal, December 2001


NaV1.4 DI-S4 periodic paralysis mutation R222W enhances inactivation and promotes leak current to attenuate action potentials and depolarize muscle fibers
journal, July 2018


Gating charge interactions with the S1 segment during activation of a Na+ channel voltage sensor
journal, October 2011

  • DeCaen, P. G.; Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; Scheuer, T.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116449108

A Voltage-Sensor Water Pore
journal, December 2006


Alteration of voltage-dependence of Shaker potassium channel by mutations in the S4 sequence
journal, January 1991

  • Papazian, Diane M.; Timpe, Leslie C.; Jan, Yuh Nung
  • Nature, Vol. 349, Issue 6307
  • DOI: 10.1038/349305a0

Targeted capture and sequencing for detection of mutations causing early onset epileptic encephalopathy
journal, May 2013

  • Kodera, Hirofumi; Kato, Mitsuhiro; Nord, Alex S.
  • Epilepsia, Vol. 54, Issue 7
  • DOI: 10.1111/epi.12203

Type of SCN5A mutation determines clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss-of-function sodium channelopathies
journal, March 2009


Mosaicism of a missense SCN1A mutation and Dravet syndrome in a Roma/Gypsy family
journal, June 2010

  • Azmanov, Dimitar N.; Zhelyazkova, Sashka; Dimova, Petya S.
  • Epileptic Disorders, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1684/epd.2010.0311

Initial Response of the Potassium Channel Voltage Sensor to a Transmembrane Potential
journal, February 2009

  • Treptow, Werner; Tarek, Mounir; Klein, Michael L.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja807330g

Clinical spectrum of SCN2A mutations expanding to Ohtahara syndrome
journal, August 2013


Mapping the Gating and Permeation Pathways in the Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1
journal, January 2015


Spectrum of SCN1A gene mutations associated with Dravet syndrome: analysis of 333 patients
journal, March 2008

  • Depienne, C.; Trouillard, O.; Saint-Martin, C.
  • Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 46, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.062323

Aspartate 112 is the selectivity filter of the human voltage-gated proton channel
journal, October 2011

  • Musset, Boris; Smith, Susan M. E.; Rajan, Sindhu
  • Nature, Vol. 480, Issue 7376
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10557

Genotype-phenotype associations in SCN1A-related epilepsies
journal, January 2011


Dravet syndrome: a sodium channel interneuronopathy
journal, April 2018


Evolutionary imprint of activation: The design principles of VSDs
journal, January 2014

  • Palovcak, Eugene; Delemotte, Lucie; Klein, Michael L.
  • The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 143, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311103

The Fast Component of hERG Gating Charge: An Interaction between D411 in the S1 and S4 Residues
journal, November 2017


Sodium Channel Mutations and Susceptibility to Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
journal, January 2005


Hydrophobic plug functions as a gate in voltage-gated proton channels
journal, December 2013

  • Chamberlin, A.; Qiu, F.; Rebolledo, S.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318018111

Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Kv Channel Voltage Sensor Helix in a Lipid Membrane with Applied Electric Field
journal, August 2008


The spectrum of SCN1A-related infantile epileptic encephalopathies
journal, March 2007

  • Harkin, Louise A.; McMahon, Jacinta M.; Iona, Xenia
  • Brain, Vol. 130, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm002

Voltage Sensor of Kv1.2: Structural Basis of Electromechanical Coupling
journal, August 2005


Ion Channels in Drosophila
journal, October 1988


Subunit Folding and Assembly Steps Are Interspersed during Shaker Potassium Channel Biogenesis
journal, October 1998

  • Schulteis, Christine T.; Nagaya, Naomi; Papazian, Diane M.
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 273, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26210

The Conserved Phenylalanine in the K+ Channel Voltage-Sensor Domain Creates a Barrier with Unidirectional Effects
journal, January 2013

  • Schwaiger, Christine S.; Liin, Sara I.; Elinder, Fredrik
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 104, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3827

Divergent Biophysical Defects Caused by Mutant Sodium Channels in Dilated Cardiomyopathy With Arrhythmia
journal, February 2008


Structural basis for gating charge movement in the voltage sensor of a sodium channel
journal, December 2011

  • Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; DeCaen, P. G.; Westenbroek, R. E.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118434109

Dynamics of the Kv1.2 Voltage-Gated K+ Channel in a Membrane Environment
journal, November 2007


Primary structure of Electrophorus electricus sodium channel deduced from cDNA sequence
journal, November 1984

  • Noda, Masaharu; Shimizu, Shin; Tanabe, Tsutomu
  • Nature, Vol. 312, Issue 5990
  • DOI: 10.1038/312121a0

Closing In on the Resting State of the Shaker K+ Channel
journal, October 2007


gRINN: a tool for calculation of residue interaction energies and protein energy network analysis of molecular dynamics simulations
journal, May 2018

  • Serçinoğlu, Onur; Ozbek, Pemra
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 46, Issue W1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky381

Compendium of cardiac channel mutations in 541 consecutive unrelated patients referred for long QT syndrome genetic testing
journal, May 2005


Structural parts involved in activation and inactivation of the sodium channel
journal, June 1989

  • Stühmer, Walter; Conti, Franco; Suzuki, Harukazu
  • Nature, Vol. 339, Issue 6226
  • DOI: 10.1038/339597a0

Disulfide locking a sodium channel voltage sensor reveals ion pair formation during activation
journal, September 2008

  • DeCaen, P. G.; Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; Zhao, Y.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 39
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0806486105

Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA
journal, August 1986

  • Noda, Masaharu; Ikeda, Takayuki; Suzuki, Harukazu
  • Nature, Vol. 322, Issue 6082
  • DOI: 10.1038/322826a0

Substitutions of the S4DIV R2 residue (R1451) in NaV1.4 lead to complex forms of paramyotonia congenita and periodic paralyses
journal, February 2018


SCN1A variants from bench to bedside—improved clinical prediction from functional characterization
journal, November 2019

  • Brunklaus, Andreas; Schorge, Stephanie; Smith, Alexander D.
  • Human Mutation, Vol. 41, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1002/humu.23943

Does Proton Conduction in the Voltage-Gated H + Channel hHv1 Involve Grotthuss-Like Hopping via Acidic Residues?
journal, November 2016

  • van Keulen, Siri C.; Gianti, Eleonora; Carnevale, Vincenzo
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 121, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08339

Tracking a complete voltage-sensor cycle with metal-ion bridges
journal, April 2012

  • Henrion, U.; Renhorn, J.; Borjesson, S. I.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116938109

Voltage-Sensing Residues in the S2 and S4 Segments of the Shaker K+ Channel
journal, June 1996


Sequential formation of ion pairs during activation of a sodium channel voltage sensor
journal, December 2009

  • DeCaen, Paul G.; Yarov-Yarovoy, Vladimir; Sharp, Elizabeth M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912307106

Leaky sodium channels from voltage sensor mutations in periodic paralysis, but not paramyotonia
journal, April 2011


Electrostatic interactions between transmembrane segments mediate folding of Shaker K+ channel subunits
journal, April 1997


Domain I Countercharges Limit Slow Inactivation in hNav1.4 Sodium Channels
journal, February 2019


Development of a Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Model for the Investigation of SCN5A-D1275N-Related Cardiac Sodium Channelopathy
journal, January 2017

  • Hayano, Mamoru; Makiyama, Takeru; Kamakura, Tsukasa
  • Circulation Journal, Vol. 81, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0064

Expression of Drosophila Shaker potassium channels in mammalian cells infected with recombinant vaccinia virus.
journal, October 1989

  • Leonard, R. J.; Karschin, A.; Jayashree-Aiyar, S.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 86, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.19.7629

A proton pore in a potassium channel voltage sensor reveals a focused electric field
journal, February 2004

  • Starace, Dorine M.; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6974
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature02270

Permeating disciplines: Overcoming barriers between molecular simulations and classical structure-function approaches in biological ion transport
journal, April 2018

  • Howard, Rebecca J.; Carnevale, Vincenzo; Delemotte, Lucie
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 1860, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.013

Crystal Structure of a Mammalian Voltage-Dependent Shaker Family K+ Channel
journal, August 2005


Structural basis for gating pore current in periodic paralysis
journal, May 2018


Intermediate states of the Kv1.2 voltage sensor from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
journal, March 2011

  • Delemotte, L.; Tarek, M.; Klein, M. L.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102724108

Gating pore currents and the resting state of Nav1.4 voltage sensor domains
journal, November 2012

  • Gosselin-Badaroudine, P.; Delemotte, L.; Moreau, A.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 47
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1217990109

A mutation in the human cardiac sodium channel (E161K) contributes to sick sinus syndrome, conduction disease and Brugada syndrome in two families
journal, June 2005


Protein stabilization by salt bridges: concepts, experimental approaches and clarification of some misunderstandings
journal, January 2004

  • Bosshard, Hans Rudolf; Marti, Daniel N.; Jelesarov, Ilian
  • Journal of Molecular Recognition, Vol. 17, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/jmr.657

Structure of potassium channels
journal, June 2015

  • Kuang, Qie; Purhonen, Pasi; Hebert, Hans
  • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, Vol. 72, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1948-5

Clinical, Genetic, and Biophysical Characterization of SCN5A Mutations Associated With Atrioventricular Conduction Block
journal, January 2002

  • Wang, Dao W.; Viswanathan, Prakash C.; Balser, Jeffrey R.
  • Circulation, Vol. 105, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1161/hc0302.102592

Structural basis of two-stage voltage-dependent activation in K+ channels
journal, February 2003

  • Silverman, W. R.; Roux, B.; Papazian, D. M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0636603100

Voltage sensor conformations in the open and closed states in ROSETTA structural models of K+ channels
journal, April 2006

  • Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; Baker, D.; Catterall, W. A.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602350103

Ion Channel Disorders and Sudden Cardiac Death
journal, February 2018

  • Garcia-Elias, Anna; Benito, Begoña
  • International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 19, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030692

Gating of Shaker K+ channels: II. The components of gating currents and a model of channel activation
journal, April 1994


Electrostatic interactions of S4 voltage sensor in shaker K+ channel
journal, June 1995


Molecular Interactions in the Voltage Sensor Controlling Gating Properties of Ca V Calcium Channels
journal, February 2016


Prevalence of SCN1A mutations in children with suspected Dravet syndrome and intractable childhood epilepsy
journal, December 2012


Water wires in atomistic models of the Hv1 proton channel
journal, February 2012

  • Wood, Mona L.; Schow, Eric V.; Freites, J. Alfredo
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 1818, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2011.07.045

Environment of the Gating Charges in the Kv1.2 Shaker Potassium Channel
journal, May 2006


Gating of voltage-dependent potassium channels
journal, January 2001


The Sodium Channel Voltage Sensor Slides to Rest
journal, October 2019


Expression of functional potassium channels from Shaker cDNA in Xenopus oocytes
journal, January 1988

  • Timpe, Leslie C.; Schwarz, Thomas L.; Tempel, Bruce L.
  • Nature, Vol. 331, Issue 6152
  • DOI: 10.1038/331143a0

Structure of the Na v 1.4-β1 Complex from Electric Eel
journal, July 2017


Resting-State Structure and Gating Mechanism of a Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
journal, August 2019


Modeling Membranes under a Transmembrane Potential
journal, April 2008

  • Delemotte, Lucie; Dehez, François; Treptow, Werner
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp710846y

Crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel in two potentially inactivated states
journal, May 2012

  • Payandeh, Jian; Gamal El-Din, Tamer M.; Scheuer, Todd
  • Nature, Vol. 486, Issue 7401
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature11077

N1366S mutation of human skeletal muscle sodium channel causes paramyotonia congenita: NaV1.4 defect in PMC
journal, October 2017

  • Ke, Qing; Ye, Jia; Tang, Siyang
  • The Journal of Physiology, Vol. 595, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1113/JP274877

Genetic Testing in the Long QT Syndrome: Development and Validation of an Efficient Approach to Genotyping in Clinical Practice
journal, December 2005


The complete structure of an activated open sodium channel
journal, February 2017

  • Sula, Altin; Booker, Jennifer; Ng, Leo C. T.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14205

Mechanisms for variable expressivity of inherited SCN1A mutations causing Dravet syndrome
journal, June 2010

  • Depienne, C.; Trouillard, O.; Gourfinkel-An, I.
  • Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 47, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2009.074328

In Search of a Consensus Model of the Resting State of a Voltage-Sensing Domain
journal, December 2011


S4-based voltage sensors have three major conformations
journal, September 2008

  • Villalba-Galea, C. A.; Sandtner, W.; Starace, D. M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807387105

S1–S3 counter charges in the voltage sensor module of a mammalian sodium channel regulate fast inactivation
journal, April 2013

  • Groome, James R.; Winston, Vern
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 141, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210935

R1 in the Shaker S4 occupies the gating charge transfer center in the resting state
journal, July 2011

  • Lin, Meng-chin A.; Hsieh, Jui-Yi; Mock, Allan F.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 138, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201110642

Genotype-phenotype relationship in Brugada syndrome: electrocardiographic features differentiate SCN5A-related patients from non–SCN5A-related patients
journal, July 2002

  • Smits, Jeroen P. P.; Eckardt, Lars; Probst, Vincent
  • Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 40, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01962-9

Structure-based assessment of disease-related mutations in human voltage-gated sodium channels
journal, February 2017


SCN2A mutation in a Chinese boy with infantile spasm - response to Modified Atkins Diet
journal, August 2015


Free-energy landscape of ion-channel voltage-sensor–domain activation
journal, December 2014

  • Delemotte, Lucie; Kasimova, Marina A.; Klein, Michael L.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416959112

The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel
journal, July 2011

  • Payandeh, Jian; Scheuer, Todd; Zheng, Ning
  • Nature, Vol. 475, Issue 7356
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10238

Recurrent De Novo Mutations of SCN1A in Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
journal, February 2006


Tracking Voltage-dependent Conformational Changes in Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channel during Activation
journal, October 2002

  • Chanda, Baron; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.20028679

A transgenic zebrafish model of a human cardiac sodium channel mutation exhibits bradycardia, conduction-system abnormalities and early death
journal, August 2013

  • Huttner, Inken G.; Trivedi, Gunjan; Jacoby, Arie
  • Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Vol. 61
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.06.005

Molecular Models of Voltage Sensing
journal, September 2002

  • Gandhi, Chris S.; Isacoff, Ehud Y.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.20028678

Voltage-gated sodium channels at 60: structure, function and pathophysiology: Voltage-gated sodium channels
journal, April 2012


Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel
journal, May 2012


On the opening of voltage-gated ion channels
journal, September 2007


Voltage-Sensing Arginines in a Potassium Channel Permeate and Occlude Cation-Selective Pores
journal, February 2005


Atomic structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel in a lipid membrane-like environment
journal, November 2007

  • Long, Stephen B.; Tao, Xiao; Campbell, Ernest B.
  • Nature, Vol. 450, Issue 7168
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature06265

Interactions Between Charged Residues in the Transmembrane Segments of the Voltage-sensing Domain in the hERG Channel
journal, October 2005


Voltage-gated calcium channels: Their discovery, function and importance as drug targets
journal, January 2018


Loss-of-function mutations in SCN4A cause severe foetal hypokinesia or ‘classical’ congenital myopathy
journal, December 2015

  • Zaharieva, Irina T.; Thor, Michael G.; Oates, Emily C.
  • Brain, Vol. 139, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv352

An emerging consensus on voltage-dependent gating from computational modeling and molecular dynamics simulations
journal, November 2012

  • Vargas, Ernesto; Yarov-Yarovoy, Vladimir; Khalili-Araghi, Fatemeh
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 140, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210873

A gating charge interaction required for late slow inactivation of the bacterial sodium channel NavAb
journal, August 2013

  • Gamal El-Din, Tamer M.; Martinez, Gilbert Q.; Payandeh, Jian
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 142, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311012

A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
journal, August 1952


Conformational Changes and Slow Dynamics through Microsecond Polarized Atomistic Molecular Simulation of an Integral Kv1.2 Ion Channel
journal, February 2009


Negative Charges in the Transmembrane Domains of the HERG K Channel Are Involved in the Activation- and Deactivation-gating Processes
journal, May 2003

  • Liu, Jie; Zhang, Mei; Jiang, Min
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 121, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.200308788

Membrane Protein Structure, Function, and Dynamics: a Perspective from Experiments and Theory
journal, June 2015

  • Cournia, Zoe; Allen, Toby W.; Andricioaei, Ioan
  • The Journal of Membrane Biology, Vol. 248, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/s00232-015-9802-0

Functional heterogeneity of the four voltage sensors of a human L-type calcium channel
journal, December 2014

  • Pantazis, Antonios; Savalli, Nicoletta; Sigg, Daniel
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411127112

Cloning of genomic and complementary DNA from Shaker, a putative potassium channel gene from Drosophila
journal, August 1987


Moving gating charges through the gating pore in a Kv channel voltage sensor
journal, April 2014

  • Lacroix, J. J.; Hyde, H. C.; Campos, F. V.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1406161111

The activated state of a sodium channel voltage sensor in a membrane environment
journal, March 2010

  • Chakrapani, S.; Sompornpisut, P.; Intharathep, P.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 107, Issue 12
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0914109107

Multiple pore conformations driven by asynchronous movements of voltage sensors in a eukaryotic sodium channel
journal, January 2013

  • Goldschen-Ohm, Marcel P.; Capes, Deborah L.; Oelstrom, Kevin M.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2356

Metal Bridge in S4 Segment Supports Helix Transition in Shaker Channel
journal, February 2020

  • Bassetto, Carlos A. Z.; Carvalho-de-Souza, João Luis; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 118, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.035

Sodium Channel Mutations and Susceptibility to Heart Failure and Atrial Fibrillation
journal, January 2005


Protein stabilization by salt bridges: concepts, experimental approaches and clarification of some misunderstandings
journal, January 2004

  • Bosshard, Hans Rudolf; Marti, Daniel N.; Jelesarov, Ilian
  • Journal of Molecular Recognition, Vol. 17, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1002/jmr.657

Interactions Between Charged Residues in the Transmembrane Segments of the Voltage-sensing Domain in the hERG Channel
journal, October 2005


Voltage Sensing in Membranes: From Macroscopic Currents to Molecular Motions
journal, May 2015


Structure-based assessment of disease-related mutations in human voltage-gated sodium channels
journal, February 2017


Potassium channels expressed from rat brain cDNA have delayed rectifier properties
journal, December 1988


Electrostatic interactions of S4 voltage sensor in shaker K+ channel
journal, June 1995


Permeating disciplines: Overcoming barriers between molecular simulations and classical structure-function approaches in biological ion transport
journal, April 2018

  • Howard, Rebecca J.; Carnevale, Vincenzo; Delemotte, Lucie
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes, Vol. 1860, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.12.013

Calculation of the Gating Charge for the Kv1.2 Voltage-Activated Potassium Channel
journal, May 2010

  • Khalili-Araghi, Fatemeh; Jogini, Vishwanath; Yarov-Yarovoy, Vladimir
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 98, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.02.056

Down-State Model of the Voltage-Sensing Domain of a Potassium Channel
journal, June 2010


R1 in the Shaker S4 Occupies the Gating Charge Transfer Center in the Resting State
journal, February 2011


310-Helix Conformation Facilitates the Transition of a Voltage Sensor S4 Segment toward the Down State
journal, March 2011


The Conserved Phenylalanine in the K+ Channel Voltage-Sensor Domain Creates a Barrier with Unidirectional Effects
journal, January 2013

  • Schwaiger, Christine S.; Liin, Sara I.; Elinder, Fredrik
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 104, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.11.3827

Probing α -3 10 Transitions in a Voltage-Sensing S4 Helix
journal, September 2014

  • Kubota, Tomoya; Lacroix, Jérôme J.; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 107, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.07.042

The Fast Component of hERG Gating Charge: An Interaction between D411 in the S1 and S4 Residues
journal, November 2017


Domain I Countercharges Limit Slow Inactivation in hNav1.4 Sodium Channels
journal, February 2019


Metal Bridge in S4 Segment Supports Helix Transition in Shaker Channel
journal, February 2020

  • Bassetto, Carlos A. Z.; Carvalho-de-Souza, João Luis; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Biophysical Journal, Vol. 118, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.08.035

Structure of the Na v 1.4-β1 Complex from Electric Eel
journal, July 2017


Resting-State Structure and Gating Mechanism of a Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel
journal, August 2019


Dravet syndrome: a sodium channel interneuronopathy
journal, April 2018


Compendium of cardiac channel mutations in 541 consecutive unrelated patients referred for long QT syndrome genetic testing
journal, May 2005


Type of SCN5A mutation determines clinical severity and degree of conduction slowing in loss-of-function sodium channelopathies
journal, March 2009


Mapping the Gating and Permeation Pathways in the Voltage-Gated Proton Channel Hv1
journal, January 2015


Voltage-Sensing Arginines in a Potassium Channel Permeate and Occlude Cation-Selective Pores
journal, February 2005


Focused Electric Field across the Voltage Sensor of Potassium Channels
journal, October 2005


Closing In on the Resting State of the Shaker K+ Channel
journal, October 2007


A Common Pathway for Charge Transport through Voltage-Sensing Domains
journal, February 2008


Recurrent De Novo Mutations of SCN1A in Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy
journal, February 2006


On the opening of voltage-gated ion channels
journal, September 2007


The Sodium Channel Voltage Sensor Slides to Rest
journal, October 2019


A mutation in the human cardiac sodium channel (E161K) contributes to sick sinus syndrome, conduction disease and Brugada syndrome in two families
journal, June 2005


Enhanced closed-state inactivation of mutant cardiac sodium channels (SCN5A N1541D and R1632C) through different mechanisms
journal, May 2019

  • Dharmawan, Tommy; Nakajima, Tadashi; Iizuka, Takashi
  • Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, Vol. 130
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.03.023

S4 mutations alter gating currents of Shaker K channels
journal, February 1994


Genotype-phenotype relationship in Brugada syndrome: electrocardiographic features differentiate SCN5A-related patients from non–SCN5A-related patients
journal, July 2002

  • Smits, Jeroen P. P.; Eckardt, Lars; Probst, Vincent
  • Journal of the American College of Cardiology, Vol. 40, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01962-9

Voltage-Sensing Residues in the S2 and S4 Segments of the Shaker K+ Channel
journal, June 1996


Initial Response of the Potassium Channel Voltage Sensor to a Transmembrane Potential
journal, February 2009

  • Treptow, Werner; Tarek, Mounir; Klein, Michael L.
  • Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 131, Issue 6
  • DOI: 10.1021/ja807330g

Modeling Membranes under a Transmembrane Potential
journal, April 2008

  • Delemotte, Lucie; Dehez, François; Treptow, Werner
  • The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 112, Issue 18
  • DOI: 10.1021/jp710846y

Currents Related to Movement of the Gating Particles of the Sodium Channels
journal, April 1973

  • Armstrong, Clay M.; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • Nature, Vol. 242, Issue 5398
  • DOI: 10.1038/242459a0

Expression of functional sodium channels from cloned cDNA
journal, August 1986

  • Noda, Masaharu; Ikeda, Takayuki; Suzuki, Harukazu
  • Nature, Vol. 322, Issue 6082
  • DOI: 10.1038/322826a0

The twisted ion-permeation pathway of a resting voltage-sensing domain
journal, December 2006

  • Tombola, Francesco; Pathak, Medha M.; Gorostiza, Pau
  • Nature, Vol. 445, Issue 7127
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature05396

Atomic structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel in a lipid membrane-like environment
journal, November 2007

  • Long, Stephen B.; Tao, Xiao; Campbell, Ernest B.
  • Nature, Vol. 450, Issue 7168
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature06265

The crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel
journal, July 2011

  • Payandeh, Jian; Scheuer, Todd; Zheng, Ning
  • Nature, Vol. 475, Issue 7356
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature10238

Crystal structure of an orthologue of the NaChBac voltage-gated sodium channel
journal, May 2012


Crystal structure of a voltage-gated sodium channel in two potentially inactivated states
journal, May 2012

  • Payandeh, Jian; Gamal El-Din, Tamer M.; Scheuer, Todd
  • Nature, Vol. 486, Issue 7401
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature11077

Structure of the voltage-gated calcium channel Cav1.1 at 3.6 Å resolution
journal, August 2016

  • Wu, Jianping; Yan, Zhen; Li, Zhangqiang
  • Nature, Vol. 537, Issue 7619
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature19321

Contributions of counter-charge in a potassium channel voltage-sensor domain
journal, July 2011

  • Pless, Stephan A.; Galpin, Jason D.; Niciforovic, Ana P.
  • Nature Chemical Biology, Vol. 7, Issue 9
  • DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.622

Multiple pore conformations driven by asynchronous movements of voltage sensors in a eukaryotic sodium channel
journal, January 2013

  • Goldschen-Ohm, Marcel P.; Capes, Deborah L.; Oelstrom, Kevin M.
  • Nature Communications, Vol. 4, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2356

NaV1.4 DI-S4 periodic paralysis mutation R222W enhances inactivation and promotes leak current to attenuate action potentials and depolarize muscle fibers
journal, July 2018


Genetic analysis of ion channel dysfunction in Drosophila
journal, March 2000


Voltage sensor conformations in the open and closed states in ROSETTA structural models of K+ channels
journal, April 2006

  • Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; Baker, D.; Catterall, W. A.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 103, Issue 19
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602350103

Structural basis of two-stage voltage-dependent activation in K+ channels
journal, February 2003

  • Silverman, W. R.; Roux, B.; Papazian, D. M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0636603100

S4-based voltage sensors have three major conformations
journal, September 2008

  • Villalba-Galea, C. A.; Sandtner, W.; Starace, D. M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0807387105

Sequential formation of ion pairs during activation of a sodium channel voltage sensor
journal, December 2009

  • DeCaen, Paul G.; Yarov-Yarovoy, Vladimir; Sharp, Elizabeth M.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912307106

Intermediate states of the Kv1.2 voltage sensor from atomistic molecular dynamics simulations
journal, March 2011

  • Delemotte, L.; Tarek, M.; Klein, M. L.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 15
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1102724108

Gating charge interactions with the S1 segment during activation of a Na+ channel voltage sensor
journal, October 2011

  • DeCaen, P. G.; Yarov-Yarovoy, V.; Scheuer, T.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 46
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116449108

Tracking a complete voltage-sensor cycle with metal-ion bridges
journal, April 2012

  • Henrion, U.; Renhorn, J.; Borjesson, S. I.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1116938109

Hydrophobic plug functions as a gate in voltage-gated proton channels
journal, December 2013

  • Chamberlin, A.; Qiu, F.; Rebolledo, S.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318018111

Functional heterogeneity of the four voltage sensors of a human L-type calcium channel
journal, December 2014

  • Pantazis, Antonios; Savalli, Nicoletta; Sigg, Daniel
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 51
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1411127112

Free-energy landscape of ion-channel voltage-sensor–domain activation
journal, December 2014

  • Delemotte, Lucie; Kasimova, Marina A.; Klein, Michael L.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1416959112

On the role of water density fluctuations in the inhibition of a proton channel
journal, December 2016

  • Gianti, Eleonora; Delemotte, Lucie; Klein, Michael L.
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, Issue 52
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609964114

Gating-induced large aqueous volumetric remodeling and aspartate tolerance in the voltage sensor domain of Shaker K + channels
journal, July 2018

  • Díaz-Franulic, Ignacio; González-Pérez, Vivian; Moldenhauer, Hans
  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 32
  • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806578115

Subunit Folding and Assembly Steps Are Interspersed during Shaker Potassium Channel Biogenesis
journal, October 1998

  • Schulteis, Christine T.; Nagaya, Naomi; Papazian, Diane M.
  • Journal of Biological Chemistry, Vol. 273, Issue 40
  • DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.40.26210

Role of putative voltage-sensor countercharge D4 in regulating gating properties of Ca V 1.2 and Ca V 1.3 calcium channels
journal, January 2018


Coupled Movements in Voltage-gated Ion Channels
journal, September 2002


Molecular Models of Voltage Sensing
journal, September 2002

  • Gandhi, Chris S.; Isacoff, Ehud Y.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.20028678

Tracking Voltage-dependent Conformational Changes in Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channel during Activation
journal, October 2002

  • Chanda, Baron; Bezanilla, Francisco
  • The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 120, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.20028679

S1–S3 counter charges in the voltage sensor module of a mammalian sodium channel regulate fast inactivation
journal, April 2013

  • Groome, James R.; Winston, Vern
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 141, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201210935

A gating charge interaction required for late slow inactivation of the bacterial sodium channel NavAb
journal, August 2013

  • Gamal El-Din, Tamer M.; Martinez, Gilbert Q.; Payandeh, Jian
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 142, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311012

Asymmetric functional contributions of acidic and aromatic side chains in sodium channel voltage-sensor domains
journal, April 2014

  • Pless, Stephan A.; Elstone, Fisal D.; Niciforovic, Ana P.
  • The Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 143, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311036

Divining the design principles of voltage sensors
journal, January 2014

  • Toombes, Gilman E. S.; Swartz, Kenton J.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 143, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201411162

Influences: The Cell Physiology Laboratory in Montemar, Chile
journal, October 2018


Inactivation of the sodium channel. II. Gating current experiments.
journal, November 1977

  • Armstrong, C. M.; Bezanilla, F.
  • Journal of General Physiology, Vol. 70, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1085/jgp.70.5.567

gRINN: a tool for calculation of residue interaction energies and protein energy network analysis of molecular dynamics simulations
journal, May 2018

  • Serçinoğlu, Onur; Ozbek, Pemra
  • Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 46, Issue W1
  • DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky381

A quantitative description of membrane current and its application to conduction and excitation in nerve
journal, August 1952


A Gating Charge Transfer Center in Voltage Sensors
journal, April 2010


Spectrum of SCN1A gene mutations associated with Dravet syndrome: analysis of 333 patients
journal, March 2008

  • Depienne, C.; Trouillard, O.; Saint-Martin, C.
  • Journal of Medical Genetics, Vol. 46, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.062323

Ion Channels in Drosophila
journal, October 1988


The Voltage Sensor in Voltage-Dependent Ion Channels
journal, January 2000


Spectrum of Mutations in Long-QT Syndrome Genes: KVLQT1 , HERG , SCN5A , KCNE1 , and KCNE2
journal, September 2000


A Cardiac Sodium Channel Mutation Cosegregates With a Rare Connexin40 Genotype in Familial Atrial Standstill
journal, January 2003


Genetics of Sudden Cardiac Death
journal, June 2015


Clinical, Genetic, and Biophysical Characterization of SCN5A Mutations Associated With Atrioventricular Conduction Block
journal, January 2002

  • Wang, Dao W.; Viswanathan, Prakash C.; Balser, Jeffrey R.
  • Circulation, Vol. 105, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1161/hc0302.102592

A missense mutation in the Kv1.1 voltage-gated potassium channel–encoding gene KCNA1 is linked to human autosomal dominant hypomagnesemia
journal, April 2009

  • Glaudemans, Bob; van der Wijst, Jenny; Scola, Rosana H.
  • Journal of Clinical Investigation, Vol. 119, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1172/jci36948

De novo mutations of voltage-gated sodium channel  II gene SCN2A in intractable epilepsies
journal, September 2009


Cardiac Sodium Channel Disease Modeling Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
journal, January 2017


Dynamics of the Kv1.2 Voltage-Gated K+ Channel in a Membrane Environment
journal, November 2007


Mosaicism of a missense SCN1A mutation and Dravet syndrome in a Roma/Gypsy family
journal, June 2010

  • Azmanov, Dimitar N.; Zhelyazkova, Sashka; Dimova, Petya S.
  • Epileptic Disorders, Vol. 12, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1684/epd.2010.0311

Confirming an expanded spectrum of SCN2A mutations: a case series
journal, March 2014

  • Matalon, Dena; Goldberg, Ethan; Medne, Livija
  • Epileptic Disorders, Vol. 16, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1684/epd.2014.0641