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Title: The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems

Abstract

Increased energy demand has led to plans for building many new dams in the western Amazon, mostly in the Andean region. Historical data and mechanistic scenarios are used to examine potential impacts above and below six of the largest dams planned for the region, including reductions in downstream sediment and nutrient supplies, changes in downstream flood pulse, changes in upstream and downstream fish yields, reservoir siltation, greenhouse gas emissions and mercury contamination. Together, these six dams are predicted to reduce the supply of sediments, phosphorus and nitrogen from the Andean region by 69, 67 and 57% and to the entire Amazon basin by 64, 51 and 23%, respectively. These large reductions in sediment and nutrient supplies will have major impacts on channel geomorphology, floodplain fertility and aquatic productivity. These effects will be greatest near the dams and extend to the lowland floodplains. Attenuation of the downstream flood pulse is expected to alter the survival, phenology and growth of floodplain vegetation and reduce fish yields below the dams. Reservoir filling times due to siltation are predicted to vary from 106–6240 years, affecting the storage performance of some dams. Total CO2 equivalent carbon emission from 4 Andean dams was expected to averagemore » 10 Tg y-1 during the first 30 years of operation, resulting in a MegaWatt weighted Carbon Emission Factor of 0.139 tons C MWhr-1. Mercury contamination in fish and local human populations is expected to increase both above and below the dams creating significant health risks. Reservoir fish yields will compensate some downstream losses, but increased mercury contamination could offset these benefits.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [5];  [6];  [7]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. National Inst. for Amazon Research, Manaus (Brazil). Environmental Dynamica Dept.
  2. Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Bren School of Environmental Science and Management
  3. Emilio Goeldi Museum of Para, Belem (Brazil)
  4. Wildlife Conservation Socitey, New York, NY (United States)
  5. Federal Univ. of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre (Brazil). Inst. of Hydraulic Research
  6. Chico Mendes Inst. for Biodiversity Conservation, Manaus (Brazil). National Center for Research and Conservation of Amazon Biodiversity
  7. Univ. of Konstanz (Germany). Dept. of Biology
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Bren School of Environmental Science and Management
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1627835
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0010620
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS ONE
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Science & Technology - Other Topics

Citation Formats

Forsberg, Bruce R., Melack, John M., Dunne, Thomas, Barthem, Ronaldo B., Goulding, Michael, Paiva, Rodrigo C. D., Sorribas, Mino V., Silva, Urbano L., and Weisser, Sabine. The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182254.
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Forsberg, Bruce R., Melack, John M., Dunne, Thomas, Barthem, Ronaldo B., Goulding, Michael, Paiva, Rodrigo C. D., Sorribas, Mino V., Silva, Urbano L., & Weisser, Sabine. The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182254
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Forsberg, Bruce R., Melack, John M., Dunne, Thomas, Barthem, Ronaldo B., Goulding, Michael, Paiva, Rodrigo C. D., Sorribas, Mino V., Silva, Urbano L., and Weisser, Sabine. Wed . "The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182254. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1627835.
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@article{osti_1627835,
title = {The potential impact of new Andean dams on Amazon fluvial ecosystems},
author = {Forsberg, Bruce R. and Melack, John M. and Dunne, Thomas and Barthem, Ronaldo B. and Goulding, Michael and Paiva, Rodrigo C. D. and Sorribas, Mino V. and Silva, Urbano L. and Weisser, Sabine},
abstractNote = {Increased energy demand has led to plans for building many new dams in the western Amazon, mostly in the Andean region. Historical data and mechanistic scenarios are used to examine potential impacts above and below six of the largest dams planned for the region, including reductions in downstream sediment and nutrient supplies, changes in downstream flood pulse, changes in upstream and downstream fish yields, reservoir siltation, greenhouse gas emissions and mercury contamination. Together, these six dams are predicted to reduce the supply of sediments, phosphorus and nitrogen from the Andean region by 69, 67 and 57% and to the entire Amazon basin by 64, 51 and 23%, respectively. These large reductions in sediment and nutrient supplies will have major impacts on channel geomorphology, floodplain fertility and aquatic productivity. These effects will be greatest near the dams and extend to the lowland floodplains. Attenuation of the downstream flood pulse is expected to alter the survival, phenology and growth of floodplain vegetation and reduce fish yields below the dams. Reservoir filling times due to siltation are predicted to vary from 106–6240 years, affecting the storage performance of some dams. Total CO2 equivalent carbon emission from 4 Andean dams was expected to average 10 Tg y-1 during the first 30 years of operation, resulting in a MegaWatt weighted Carbon Emission Factor of 0.139 tons C MWhr-1. Mercury contamination in fish and local human populations is expected to increase both above and below the dams creating significant health risks. Reservoir fish yields will compensate some downstream losses, but increased mercury contamination could offset these benefits.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0182254},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 8,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Wed Aug 23 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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    • Damme, Paul A. Van; Córdova-Clavijo, Leslie; Baigún, Claudio
    • Neotropical Ichthyology, Vol. 17, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190118

    Can dams be designed for sustainability?
    journal, December 2017

    Upstream dam impacts on gilded catfish Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) in the Bolivian Amazon
    journal, January 2019

    • Damme, Paul A. Van; Córdova-Clavijo, Leslie; Baigún, Claudio
    • Neotropical Ichthyology, Vol. 17, Issue 4
    • DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20190118

    An index concentration method for suspended load monitoring in large rivers of the Amazonian foreland
    journal, January 2019

    • Santini, William; Camenen, Benoît; Le Coz, Jérôme
    • Earth Surface Dynamics, Vol. 7, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.5194/esurf-7-515-2019

    Ecosystem-based management of Amazon fisheries and wetlands
    journal, October 2018

    • Goulding, Michael; Venticinque, Eduardo; Ribeiro, Mauro L. de B.
    • Fish and Fisheries, Vol. 20, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1111/faf.12328

    Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of Amazon hydropower with strategic dam planning
    journal, September 2019

    • Almeida, Rafael M.; Shi, Qinru; Gomes-Selman, Jonathan M.
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12179-5

    Decline of Fine Suspended Sediments in the Madeira River Basin (2003–2017)
    journal, March 2019

    • Ayes Rivera, Irma; Armijos Cardenas, Elisa; Espinoza-Villar, Raúl
    • Water, Vol. 11, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.3390/w11030514

    Trophic state index validation based on the phytoplankton functional group approach in Amazon floodplain lakes
    journal, July 2019

    Shedding light on the migratory patterns of the Amazonian goliath catfish, Brachyplatystoma platynemum , using otolith 87 Sr/ 86 Sr analyses
    journal, January 2019

    • Hauser, Marília; Doria, Carolina R. C.; Santos, Roberto V.
    • Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Vol. 29, Issue 3
    • DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3046

    Fragmentation of Andes-to-Amazon connectivity by hydropower dams
    text, January 2018

    • Anderson, Elizabeth P.; Jenkins, Clinton N.; Heilpern, Sebastian Arnold
    • Columbia University
    • DOI: 10.7916/d8tj03p6

    Sustainable hydropower in the 21st century
    journal, November 2018

    • Moran, Emilio F.; Lopez, Maria Claudia; Moore, Nathan
    • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 47
    • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809426115

    Delfines de río: especies indicadoras del estado de salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos de la Amazonia y la Orinoquia
    journal, July 2019

    • Trujillo-González, Fernando; Mosquera-Guerra, Federico; Franco, Nicole
    • Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Vol. 43, Issue 167
    • DOI: 10.18257/raccefyn.765

    Anthropogenic stresses on the world’s big rivers
    journal, December 2018

    Reducing greenhouse gas emissions of Amazon hydropower with strategic dam planning
    journal, September 2019

    • Almeida, Rafael M.; Shi, Qinru; Gomes-Selman, Jonathan M.
    • Nature Communications, Vol. 10, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12179-5

    Limnological effects of a large Amazonian run-of-river dam on the main river and drowned tributary valleys
    journal, November 2019

    Sustainable hydropower in the 21st century
    journal, November 2018

    • Moran, Emilio F.; Lopez, Maria Claudia; Moore, Nathan
    • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, Issue 47
    • DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1809426115
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