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Title: Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti

Abstract

Recycling human waste for beneficial use has been practiced for millennia. Aerobic (thermophilic) composting of sewage sludge has been shown to reduce populations of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate both Ascaris eggs and culturable Escherichia coli in raw waste, but there is still a question about the fate of most fecal bacteria when raw material is composted directly. This study undertook a comprehensive microbial community analysis of composting material at various stages collected over 6 months at two composting facilities in Haiti. The fecal microbiota signal was monitored using a high-density DNA microarray (PhyloChip). Thermophilic composting altered the bacterial community structure of the starting material. Typical fecal bacteria classified in the following groups were present in at least half the starting material samples, yet were reduced below detection in finished compost: Prevotella and Erysipelotrichaceae (100% reduction of initial presence), Ruminococcaceae (98–99%), Lachnospiraceae (83–94%, primarily unclassified taxa remained), Escherichia and Shigella (100%). Opportunistic pathogens were reduced below the level of detection in the final product with the exception of Clostridium tetani, which could have survived in a spore state or been reintroduced late in the outdoor maturation process. Conversely, thermotolerant or thermophilic Actinomycetes and Firmicutes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus, Geobacillus) typicallymore » found in compost increased substantially during the thermophilic stage. This community DNA-based assessment of the fate of human fecal microbiota during thermophilic composting will help optimize this process as a sanitation solution in areas where infrastructure and resources are limited.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [3];  [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1];
  1. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Earth and Environmental Sciences Area. Ecology Dept.
  2. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group
  3. Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods, Port-au-Prince (Haiti)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division
OSTI Identifier:
1627825
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
PLoS ONE
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1932-6203
Publisher:
Public Library of Science
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Science & Technology - Other Topics

Citation Formats

Piceno, Yvette M., Pecora-Black, Gabrielle, Kramer, Sasha, Roy, Monika, Reid, Francine C., Dubinsky, Eric A., Andersen, Gary L., and Shin, Jae-Ho. Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0177626.
Piceno, Yvette M., Pecora-Black, Gabrielle, Kramer, Sasha, Roy, Monika, Reid, Francine C., Dubinsky, Eric A., Andersen, Gary L., & Shin, Jae-Ho. Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti. United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177626
Piceno, Yvette M., Pecora-Black, Gabrielle, Kramer, Sasha, Roy, Monika, Reid, Francine C., Dubinsky, Eric A., Andersen, Gary L., and Shin, Jae-Ho. Thu . "Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti". United States. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177626. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1627825.
@article{osti_1627825,
title = {Bacterial community structure transformed after thermophilically composting human waste in Haiti},
author = {Piceno, Yvette M. and Pecora-Black, Gabrielle and Kramer, Sasha and Roy, Monika and Reid, Francine C. and Dubinsky, Eric A. and Andersen, Gary L. and Shin, Jae-Ho},
abstractNote = {Recycling human waste for beneficial use has been practiced for millennia. Aerobic (thermophilic) composting of sewage sludge has been shown to reduce populations of opportunistically pathogenic bacteria and to inactivate both Ascaris eggs and culturable Escherichia coli in raw waste, but there is still a question about the fate of most fecal bacteria when raw material is composted directly. This study undertook a comprehensive microbial community analysis of composting material at various stages collected over 6 months at two composting facilities in Haiti. The fecal microbiota signal was monitored using a high-density DNA microarray (PhyloChip). Thermophilic composting altered the bacterial community structure of the starting material. Typical fecal bacteria classified in the following groups were present in at least half the starting material samples, yet were reduced below detection in finished compost: Prevotella and Erysipelotrichaceae (100% reduction of initial presence), Ruminococcaceae (98–99%), Lachnospiraceae (83–94%, primarily unclassified taxa remained), Escherichia and Shigella (100%). Opportunistic pathogens were reduced below the level of detection in the final product with the exception of Clostridium tetani, which could have survived in a spore state or been reintroduced late in the outdoor maturation process. Conversely, thermotolerant or thermophilic Actinomycetes and Firmicutes (e.g., Thermobifida, Bacillus, Geobacillus) typically found in compost increased substantially during the thermophilic stage. This community DNA-based assessment of the fate of human fecal microbiota during thermophilic composting will help optimize this process as a sanitation solution in areas where infrastructure and resources are limited.},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0177626},
journal = {PLoS ONE},
number = 6,
volume = 12,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Jun 01 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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