Search Menu
DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Search Scholarly Publications

Title: Relationship between Composition and Toxicity of Motor Vehicle Emission Samples

Journal Article · · Environmental Health Perspectives
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.6976 · OSTI ID:1627113
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [1]
  1. Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
  2. Statoil Research Centre, Trondheim (Norway)
  3. Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV (United States)
  4. Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX (United States)
  5. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations

In this study we investigated the statistical relationship between particle and semivolatile organic chemical constituents in gasoline and diesel vehicle exhaust samples, and toxicity as measured by inflammation and tissue damage in rat lungs and mutagenicity in bacteria. Exhaust samples were collected from “normal” and “high-emitting” gasoline and diesel light-duty vehicles. We employed a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least-squares regression (PLS; also known as projection to latent structures) to evaluate the relationships between chemical composition of vehicle exhaust and toxicity. The PLS analysis revealed the chemical constituents covarying most strongly with toxicity and produced models predicting the relative toxicity of the samples with good accuracy. The specific nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons important for mutagenicity were the same chemicals that have been implicated by decades of bioassay-directed fractionation. These chemicals were not related to lung toxicity, which was associated with organic carbon and select organic compounds that are present in lubricating oil. The results demonstrate the utility of the PCA/PLS approach for evaluating composition–response relationships in complex mixture exposures and also provide a starting point for confirming causality and determining the mechanisms of the lung effects. Key words: diesel exhaust, gasoline exhaust, hopane, mutagenicity, PAHs, particulate matter health effects, principal component analysis, semivolatile organic carbon, sterane, toxicity of motor vehicle emissions.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office
Grant/Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
1627113
Journal Information:
Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 112, Issue 15; ISSN 0091-6765
Publisher:
National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (44)

Mutagenicity and in Vivo Toxicity of Combined Particulate and Semivolatile Organic Fractions of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Emissions journal December 2002
Source Apportionment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in an Underground Mine journal April 2003
Distance-Weighted Traffic Density in Proximity to a Home Is a Risk Factor for Leukemia and Other Childhood Cancers journal February 2000
Comparison of IMPROVE and NIOSH Carbon Measurements journal January 2001
Formation of nitroarenes during ambient high-volume sampling journal April 1988
Activation and detoxification of 1, 8-dinitropyrene by mammalian hepatic fractions in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay journal January 1990
Influence of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Diesel Fuels and Exhaust Emissions on Biological Effects of Particle Extracts:  A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Ten Diesel Fuels journal January 1996
Respiratory response of guinea pigs to oil mists journal August 1979
Health effects of air pollution: The struggle for context journal October 2003
Effects of the Inhalation of Diesel Exhaust, Kanto loam Dust, or Diesel Exhaust Without Particles on Immune Responses in mice Exposed to Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica) Pollen journal January 2001
Hierarchical multiblock PLS and PC models for easier model interpretation and as an alternative to variable selection journal September 1996
Intratracheal Instillation as an Exposure Technique for the Evaluation of Respiratory Tract Toxicity: Uses and Limitations journal May 2000
In Vitro Relative Toxicity Screening of Combined Particulate and semivolatile Organic Fractions of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Emissions journal January 2003
Comparing the predictive accuracy of models using a simple randomization test journal November 1994
Sources of genotoxicity and cancer risk in ambient air journal January 1992
The Collinearity Problem in Linear Regression. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) Approach to Generalized Inverses journal September 1984
Source Apportionment of PM 2.5 at an Urban IMPROVE Site in Seattle, Washington journal November 2003
Emission Rates and Comparative Chemical Composition from Selected In-Use Diesel and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles journal September 2004
Urban traffic and pollutant exposure related to respiratory outcomes and atopy in a large sample of children journal June 2003
Inhalation of concentrated ambient air particles exacerbates myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. journal April 2003
Cross-Validatory Estimation of the Number of Components in Factor and Principal Components Models journal November 1978
Motor Vehicle Exhaust and Chronic Respiratory Symptoms in Children Living near Freeways journal August 1997
Living Near a Main Road and the Risk of Wheezing Illness in Children journal December 2001
Toxicological evaluation of complex mixtures by pattern recognition: correlating chemical fingerprints to mutagenicity. journal December 2002
The role of particulate pollutants in pulmonary inflammation and asthma: evidence for the involvement of organic chemicals and oxidative stress journal January 2001
Resolution of GC-MS Data of Complex PAC Mixtures and Regression Modeling of Mutagenicity by PLS journal June 2001
Sources of fine organic aerosol. 2. Noncatalyst and catalyst-equipped automobiles and heavy-duty diesel trucks journal April 1993
Health effects of air pollution: The struggle for context journal October 2003
Analysis of mixture data with partial least squares journal April 1992
Model building in chemistry, a unified approach journal January 1989
Receptor modeling application framework for particle source apportionment journal December 2002
Resolution of GC-MS Data of Complex PAC Mixtures and Regression Modeling of Mutagenicity by PLS journal June 2001
Influence of Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Diesel Fuels and Exhaust Emissions on Biological Effects of Particle Extracts:  A Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Ten Diesel Fuels journal January 1996
Effects of the Inhalation of Diesel Exhaust, Kanto loam Dust, or Diesel Exhaust Without Particles on Immune Responses in mice Exposed to Japanese Cedar (Cryptomeria Japonica) Pollen journal January 2001
Source Apportionment of Airborne Fine Particulate Matter in an Underground Mine journal April 2003
In Vitro Relative Toxicity Screening of Combined Particulate and semivolatile Organic Fractions of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Emissions journal January 2003
Subchronic Inhalation Exposures to Aerosols of Three Petroleum Lubricants journal January 2001
Respiratory response of guinea pigs to oil mists journal August 1979
Activation and detoxification of 1, 8-dinitropyrene by mammalian hepatic fractions in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay journal January 1990
Mutagenicity and in Vivo Toxicity of Combined Particulate and Semivolatile Organic Fractions of Gasoline and Diesel Engine Emissions journal December 2002
Sources of genotoxicity and cancer risk in ambient air journal January 1992
Urban traffic and pollutant exposure related to respiratory outcomes and atopy in a large sample of children journal June 2003
Toxicological evaluation of complex mixtures by pattern recognition: correlating chemical fingerprints to mutagenicity. journal December 2002
Inhalation of concentrated ambient air particles exacerbates myocardial ischemia in conscious dogs. journal April 2003

Cited By (9)

Correlation of in Vitro Cytokine Responses with the Chemical Composition of Soil-Derived Particulate Matter journal March 2006
Modelling of organic aerosols over Europe (2002–2007) using a volatility basis set (VBS) framework: application of different assumptions regarding the formation of secondary organic aerosol journal January 2012
Alternative Testing Methods for Predicting Health Risk from Environmental Exposures journal August 2014
Health Effects of Airborne Particulate Matter: Do We Know Enough to Consider Regulating Specific Particle Types or Sources? journal January 2007
Composition of Diesel Particles Influences Acute Pulmonary Toxicity: An Experimental Study in MICE journal January 2008
Health Effects of Organic Aerosols journal January 2008
Ultrafine particles from diesel vehicle emissions at different driving cycles induce differential vascular pro-inflammatory responses: Implication of chemical components and NF-κB signaling journal March 2010
Correlation of in Vitro Cytokine Responses with the Chemical Composition of Soil-Derived Particulate Matter journal March 2006
Alternative Testing Methods for Predicting Health Risk from Environmental Exposures journal August 2014

Similar Records

Related Subjects

54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES