Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris
Abstract
Background Large-scale algal biofuel production has been limited, among other factors, by the availability of inorganic carbon in the culture medium at concentrations higher than achievable with atmospheric CO2. Life cycle analyses have concluded that costs associated with supplying CO2 to algal cultures are significant contributors to the overall energy consumption. Results A two-phase optimal growth and lipid accumulation scenario is presented, which (1) enhances the growth rate and (2) the triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation rate in the oleaginous Chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris strain UTEX 395, by growing the organism in the presence of low concentrations of NaHCO3 (5 mM) and controlling the pH of the system with a periodic gas sparge of 5 % CO2 (v/v). Once cultures reached the desired cell densities, which can be “fine-tuned” based on initial nutrient concentrations, cultures were switched to a lipid accumulation metabolism through the addition of 50 mM NaHCO3. This two-phase approach increased the specific growth rate of C. vulgaris by 69 % compared to cultures sparged continuously with 5 % CO2 (v/v); further, biomass productivity (g L-1 day-1) was increased by 27 %. Total biodiesel potential [assessed as total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) produced] was increased from 53.3 to 61 %more »
- Authors:
-
- Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States)
- Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States); Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
- Environmental Biotechnology Consultants, Manhattan, MT (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); National Science Foundation (NSF); Church & Dwight Co., Inc.; Environmental and Biofilm Mass Spectrometry Facility (EBMSF); MSU Thermal Biology Institute
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1626963
- Grant/Contract Number:
- EE0005993; CHE-1230632; DGE 0654336; W911NF0510255; NAG5-8807
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Biotechnology for Biofuels
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1754-6834
- Publisher:
- BioMed Central
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 09 BIOMASS FUELS; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels
Citation Formats
Lohman, Egan J., Gardner, Robert D., Pedersen, Todd, Peyton, Brent M., Cooksey, Keith E., and Gerlach, Robin. Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1186/s13068-015-0265-4.
Lohman, Egan J., Gardner, Robert D., Pedersen, Todd, Peyton, Brent M., Cooksey, Keith E., & Gerlach, Robin. Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris. United States. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0265-4
Lohman, Egan J., Gardner, Robert D., Pedersen, Todd, Peyton, Brent M., Cooksey, Keith E., and Gerlach, Robin. Thu .
"Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris". United States. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-015-0265-4. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1626963.
@article{osti_1626963,
title = {Optimized inorganic carbon regime for enhanced growth and lipid accumulation in Chlorella vulgaris},
author = {Lohman, Egan J. and Gardner, Robert D. and Pedersen, Todd and Peyton, Brent M. and Cooksey, Keith E. and Gerlach, Robin},
abstractNote = {Background Large-scale algal biofuel production has been limited, among other factors, by the availability of inorganic carbon in the culture medium at concentrations higher than achievable with atmospheric CO2. Life cycle analyses have concluded that costs associated with supplying CO2 to algal cultures are significant contributors to the overall energy consumption. Results A two-phase optimal growth and lipid accumulation scenario is presented, which (1) enhances the growth rate and (2) the triacylglyceride (TAG) accumulation rate in the oleaginous Chlorophyte Chlorella vulgaris strain UTEX 395, by growing the organism in the presence of low concentrations of NaHCO3 (5 mM) and controlling the pH of the system with a periodic gas sparge of 5 % CO2 (v/v). Once cultures reached the desired cell densities, which can be “fine-tuned” based on initial nutrient concentrations, cultures were switched to a lipid accumulation metabolism through the addition of 50 mM NaHCO3. This two-phase approach increased the specific growth rate of C. vulgaris by 69 % compared to cultures sparged continuously with 5 % CO2 (v/v); further, biomass productivity (g L-1 day-1) was increased by 27 %. Total biodiesel potential [assessed as total fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) produced] was increased from 53.3 to 61 % (FAME biomass-1) under the optimized conditions; biodiesel productivity (g FAME L-1 day-1) was increased by 7.7 %. A bicarbonate salt screen revealed that American Chemical Society (ACS) and industrial grade NaHCO3 induced the highest TAG accumulation (% w/w), whereas Na2CO3 did not induce significant TAG accumulation. NH4HCO3 had a negative effect on cell health presumably due to ammonia toxicity. The raw, unrefined form of trona, NaHCO3∙Na2CO3 (sodium sesquicarbonate) induced TAG accumulation, albeit to a slightly lower extent than the more refined forms of sodium bicarbonate. Conclusions The strategic addition of sodium bicarbonate was found to enhance growth and lipid accumulation rates in cultures of C. vulgaris, when compared to traditional culturing strategies, which rely on continuously sparging algal cultures with elevated concentrations of CO2(g). This work presents a two-phased, improved photoautotrophic growth and lipid accumulation approach, which may result in an overall increase in algal biofuel productivity.},
doi = {10.1186/s13068-015-0265-4},
journal = {Biotechnology for Biofuels},
number = 1,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Thu Jun 11 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}
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Life-cycle analysis on biodiesel production from microalgae: Water footprint and nutrients balance
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Biodiesel production by simultaneous extraction and conversion of total lipids from microalgae, cyanobacteria, and wild mixed-cultures
journal, February 2011
- Wahlen, Bradley D.; Willis, Robert M.; Seefeldt, Lance C.
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 3
An efficient system for carbonation of high-rate algae pond water to enhance CO2 mass transfer
journal, February 2011
- Putt, Ron; Singh, Manjinder; Chinnasamy, Senthil
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 3
Bicarbonate-based Integrated Carbon Capture and Algae Production System with alkalihalophilic cyanobacterium
journal, April 2013
- Chi, Zhanyou; Xie, Yuxiao; Elloy, Farah
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 133
Pilot-scale data provide enhanced estimates of the life cycle energy and emissions profile of algae biofuels produced via hydrothermal liquefaction
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Aquatic phototrophs: efficient alternatives to land-based crops for biofuels
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An efficient and scalable extraction and quantification method for algal derived biofuel
journal, September 2013
- Lohman, Egan J.; Gardner, Robert D.; Halverson, Luke
- Journal of Microbiological Methods, Vol. 94, Issue 3
Biodiesel from microalgae beats bioethanol
journal, March 2008
- Chisti, Yusuf
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Efficiency of the CO2-concentrating mechanism of diatoms
journal, February 2011
- Hopkinson, B. M.; Dupont, C. L.; Allen, A. E.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 108, Issue 10
Induction of CO2 and Bicarbonate Transport in the Green Alga Chlorella ellipsoidea (I. Time Course of Induction of the Two Systems)
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Triglyceride Accumulation and Fatty Acid Profile Changes in Chlorella (Chlorophyta) during High pH-Induced Cell Cycle Inhibition
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- Guckert, James B.; Cooksey, Keith E.
- Journal of Phycology, Vol. 26, Issue 1, p. 72-79
Trichosarcina polymorpha Gen. et Sp. Nov.
journal, March 1965
- Nichols, H. Wayne; Bold, Harold C.
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Carbon Concentrating Mechanisms in Eukaryotic Marine Phytoplankton
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- Reinfelder, John R.
- Annual Review of Marine Science, Vol. 3, Issue 1
CO 2 CONCENTRATING MECHANISMS IN ALGAE: Mechanisms, Environmental Modulation, and Evolution
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- Giordano, Mario; Beardall, John; Raven, John A.
- Annual Review of Plant Biology, Vol. 56, Issue 1
LC-PUFA-Enriched Oil Production by Microalgae: Accumulation of Lipid and Triacylglycerols Containing n-3 LC-PUFA Is Triggered by Nitrogen Limitation and Inorganic Carbon Availability in the Marine Haptophyte Pavlova lutheri
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