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Title: The Evolution of SlyA/RovA Transcription Factors from Repressors to Countersilencers in Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract

Gene duplication and subsequent evolutionary divergence have allowed conserved proteins to develop unique roles. The MarR family of transcription factors (TFs) has undergone extensive duplication and diversification in bacteria, where they act as environmentally responsive repressors of genes encoding efflux pumps that confer resistance to xenobiotics, including many antimicrobial agents. We have performed structural, functional, and genetic analyses of representative members of the SlyA/RovA lineage of MarR TFs, which retain some ancestral functions, including repression of their own expression and that of divergently transcribed multidrug efflux pumps, as well as allosteric inhibition by aromatic carboxylate compounds. However, SlyA and RovA have acquired the ability to countersilence horizontally acquired genes, which has greatly facilitated the evolution of Enterobacteriaceaeby horizontal gene transfer. SlyA/RovA TFs in different species have independently evolved novel regulatory circuits to provide the enhanced levels of expression required for their new role. Moreover, in contrast to MarR, SlyA is not responsive to copper. These observations demonstrate the ability of TFs to acquire new functions as a result of evolutionary divergence of bothcis-regulatory sequences and intransinteractions with modulatory ligands. IMPORTANCEBacteria primarily evolve via horizontal gene transfer, acquiring new traits such as virulence and antibiotic resistance in single transfer events. However,more » newly acquired genes must be integrated into existing regulatory networks to allow appropriate expression in new hosts. This is accommodated in part by the opposing mechanisms of xenogeneic silencing and countersilencing. An understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to understand the relationship between gene regulation and bacterial evolution. Here we examine the functional evolution of an important lineage of countersilencers belonging to the ancient MarR family of classical transcriptional repressors. We show that although members of the SlyA lineage retain some ancestral features associated with the MarR family, theircis-regulatory sequences have evolved significantly to support their new function. Understanding the mechanistic requirements for countersilencing is critical to understanding the pathoadaptation of emerging pathogens and also has practical applications in synthetic biology.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [6];  [6];  [7];  [8]; ORCiD logo [9];  [10]
  1. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Laboratory Medicine
  2. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Biochemistry
  3. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Biological Structure
  4. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Biochemistry Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Biological Structure
  5. Univ. of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY (United States). Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology and the Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases
  6. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Microbiology
  7. Univ. of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept.of Microbiology and Immunology; Univ. of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC (United States). Dept.of Genetics
  8. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Medicine
  9. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Laboratory Medicine; Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Microbiology
  10. Univ. of Illinois, Chicago, IL (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Cancer Institute (NCI); National Institute of General Medical Sciences
OSTI Identifier:
1626076
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-06CH11357; ACB-12002; AGM-12006
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
mBio (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: mBio (Online); Journal Volume: 10; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2150-7511
Publisher:
American Society for Microbiology
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
Microbiology; SlyA, countersilencing; evolution; gene regulation; transcription factors

Citation Formats

Will, W. Ryan, Brzovic, Peter, Le Trong, Isolde, Stenkamp, Ronald E., Lawrenz, Matthew B., Karlinsey, Joyce E., Navarre, William W., Main-Hester, Kara, Miller, Virginia L., Libby, Stephen J., Fang, Ferric C., and Freitag, Nancy E. The Evolution of SlyA/RovA Transcription Factors from Repressors to Countersilencers in Enterobacteriaceae. United States: N. p., 2019. Web. doi:10.1128/mbio.00009-19.
Will, W. Ryan, Brzovic, Peter, Le Trong, Isolde, Stenkamp, Ronald E., Lawrenz, Matthew B., Karlinsey, Joyce E., Navarre, William W., Main-Hester, Kara, Miller, Virginia L., Libby, Stephen J., Fang, Ferric C., & Freitag, Nancy E. The Evolution of SlyA/RovA Transcription Factors from Repressors to Countersilencers in Enterobacteriaceae. United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00009-19
Will, W. Ryan, Brzovic, Peter, Le Trong, Isolde, Stenkamp, Ronald E., Lawrenz, Matthew B., Karlinsey, Joyce E., Navarre, William W., Main-Hester, Kara, Miller, Virginia L., Libby, Stephen J., Fang, Ferric C., and Freitag, Nancy E. Tue . "The Evolution of SlyA/RovA Transcription Factors from Repressors to Countersilencers in Enterobacteriaceae". United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.00009-19. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1626076.
@article{osti_1626076,
title = {The Evolution of SlyA/RovA Transcription Factors from Repressors to Countersilencers in Enterobacteriaceae},
author = {Will, W. Ryan and Brzovic, Peter and Le Trong, Isolde and Stenkamp, Ronald E. and Lawrenz, Matthew B. and Karlinsey, Joyce E. and Navarre, William W. and Main-Hester, Kara and Miller, Virginia L. and Libby, Stephen J. and Fang, Ferric C. and Freitag, Nancy E.},
abstractNote = {Gene duplication and subsequent evolutionary divergence have allowed conserved proteins to develop unique roles. The MarR family of transcription factors (TFs) has undergone extensive duplication and diversification in bacteria, where they act as environmentally responsive repressors of genes encoding efflux pumps that confer resistance to xenobiotics, including many antimicrobial agents. We have performed structural, functional, and genetic analyses of representative members of the SlyA/RovA lineage of MarR TFs, which retain some ancestral functions, including repression of their own expression and that of divergently transcribed multidrug efflux pumps, as well as allosteric inhibition by aromatic carboxylate compounds. However, SlyA and RovA have acquired the ability to countersilence horizontally acquired genes, which has greatly facilitated the evolution of Enterobacteriaceaeby horizontal gene transfer. SlyA/RovA TFs in different species have independently evolved novel regulatory circuits to provide the enhanced levels of expression required for their new role. Moreover, in contrast to MarR, SlyA is not responsive to copper. These observations demonstrate the ability of TFs to acquire new functions as a result of evolutionary divergence of bothcis-regulatory sequences and intransinteractions with modulatory ligands. IMPORTANCEBacteria primarily evolve via horizontal gene transfer, acquiring new traits such as virulence and antibiotic resistance in single transfer events. However, newly acquired genes must be integrated into existing regulatory networks to allow appropriate expression in new hosts. This is accommodated in part by the opposing mechanisms of xenogeneic silencing and countersilencing. An understanding of these mechanisms is necessary to understand the relationship between gene regulation and bacterial evolution. Here we examine the functional evolution of an important lineage of countersilencers belonging to the ancient MarR family of classical transcriptional repressors. We show that although members of the SlyA lineage retain some ancestral features associated with the MarR family, theircis-regulatory sequences have evolved significantly to support their new function. Understanding the mechanistic requirements for countersilencing is critical to understanding the pathoadaptation of emerging pathogens and also has practical applications in synthetic biology.},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00009-19},
journal = {mBio (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 10,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Tue Mar 05 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}

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Cited by: 15 works
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Figures / Tables:

FIG 1 FIG 1: SlyA retains the ancestral functions of MarR family TFs. To determine whether SlyA is an autorepressor like other members of the MarR family, in vitro transcription (IVT) assays were performed on supercoiled template DNA containing slyA and the divergently expressed ydhI gene in the presence of increasing SlyAmore » concentrations (A). Reactions were performed with or without 2 mM sodium salicylate to determine whether SlyA is inhibited by small aromatic carboxylate compounds like other MarR TFs. To determine whether SlyA exhibits a dose-dependent response to salicylate, IVT assays were performed on ydhI in the presence of 2 μM SlyA and increasing concentrations of sodium salicylate (B). To confirm that SlyA does not function as an activator at upregulated targets, IVT assays of the model SlyA target gene, pagC, were performed in the presence of increasing concentrations of SlyA (C). All IVT data represent the mean ± SEM (n ≥ 3). Wild-type, slyA, ydhIJK, and slyA ydhIJK cultures were grown in the presence of 30 μg/ml fusaric acid, and cell density (OD600) was measured over time to determine if ydhIJK encodes a functional antimicrobial efflux pump (D). Data represent the mean (solid line) from three independent experiments, each consisting of three replicates. Dashed lines represent the SD. The control plot represents the growth curve of each strain in the absence of fusaric acid. To determine whether salicylate also inhibits SlyA countersilencing activity, pagC transcripts were quantified by qRT-PCR from early-stationary-phase (OD600 ≈2.0) cultures in minimal N-medium containing 10 μM MgCl2 in the presence or absence of 2 mM sodium salicylate (E). Transcript levels are normalized to rpoD, and data represent the mean ± SD (n ≥ 3). Asterisk indicates P = 0.05.« less

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SlyA Regulates Type III Secretion System (T3SS) Genes in Parallel with the T3SS Master Regulator HrpL in Dickeya dadantii 3937
journal, January 2012

  • Zou, Lifang; Zeng, Quan; Lin, Haiping
  • Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 78, Issue 8
  • DOI: 10.1128/aem.07021-11

Ferrioxamine-Mediated Iron(III) Utilization by Salmonella enterica
journal, April 1999


A Novel Autotransporter Adhesin Is Required for Efficient Colonization during Bubonic Plague
journal, October 2008

  • Lawrenz, Matthew B.; Lenz, Jonathan D.; Miller, Virginia L.
  • Infection and Immunity, Vol. 77, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1128/iai.01206-08

Comparative Analysis of the Regulation of rovA from the Pathogenic Yersiniae
journal, June 2007

  • Lawrenz, Matthew B.; Miller, Virginia L.
  • Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 189, Issue 16
  • DOI: 10.1128/jb.00528-07

H-NS Represses inv Transcription in Yersinia enterocolitica through Competition with RovA and Interaction with YmoA
journal, July 2006

  • Ellison, Damon W.; Miller, Virginia L.
  • Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 188, Issue 14
  • DOI: 10.1128/jb.00862-05

SlyA, a MarR Family Transcriptional Regulator, Is Essential for Virulence in Dickeya dadantii 3937
journal, November 2009

  • Haque, M. Manjurul; Kabir, M. Shahinur; Aini, Luqman Qurata
  • Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 191, Issue 22
  • DOI: 10.1128/jb.01205-09

Where To Begin? Mapping Transcription Start Sites Genome-Wide in Escherichia coli
journal, January 2015


Expression during Host Infection and Localization of Yersinia pestis Autotransporter Proteins
journal, August 2011

  • Lenz, J. D.; Lawrenz, M. B.; Cotter, D. G.
  • Journal of Bacteriology, Vol. 193, Issue 21
  • DOI: 10.1128/jb.05877-11

Salicylate induction of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli: activation of the mar operon and a mar-independent pathway.
journal, January 1993


Characterization of MarR, the repressor of the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) operon in Escherichia coli.
journal, June 1995


EmrR is a negative regulator of the Escherichia coli multidrug resistance pump EmrAB.
journal, January 1995


Regulation of Escherichia coli Hemolysin E Expression by H-NS and Salmonella SlyA
journal, March 2004


Phage-Mediated Acquisition of a Type III Secreted Effector Protein Boosts Growth of Salmonella by Nitrate Respiration
journal, June 2012

  • Lopez, Christopher A.; Winter, Sebastian E.; Rivera-Chávez, Fabian
  • mBio, Vol. 3, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00143-12

Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Disease Resistance
journal, September 1992


An insight into misidentification of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene sequences of Theileria spp. as Theileria annulata
journal, December 2022


Swiss-model : an automated protein homology-modeling server
text, January 2003


Works referencing / citing this record:

MarR Family Transcription Factors from Burkholderia Species: Hidden Clues to Control of Virulence-Associated Genes
journal, February 2019

  • Gupta, Ashish; Pande, Anuja; Sabrin, Afsana
  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Vol. 83, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00039-18

The MarR-Type Regulator MalR Is Involved in Stress-Responsive Cell Envelope Remodeling in Corynebacterium glutamicum
journal, May 2019


SlyA Transcriptional Regulator Is Not Directly Affected by ppGpp Levels
journal, August 2020

  • Bartoli, Julia; Viala, Julie Pamela; Bouveret, Emmanuelle
  • Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 11
  • DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01856

Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.