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Title: Which practices co-deliver food security, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and combat land degradation and desertification?

Journal Article · · Global Change Biology
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14878 · OSTI ID:1625880
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [8];  [9]; ORCiD logo [10];  [11];  [12];  [13];  [14];  [15];  [16]; ORCiD logo [13];  [6];  [17]; ORCiD logo [18] more »;  [19];  [20];  [21] « less
  1. Institute of Biological &, Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen Aberdeen (United Kingdom); DOE/OSTI
  2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Joint Global Change Research Institute College Park MD (United States)
  3. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, Addis Ababa (Ethiopia)
  4. The University of the West Indies, Mona (Jamaica)
  5. Industrial Ecology Programme Department of Energy and Process Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)
  6. European Commission Joint Research Centre, Ispra (Italy)
  7. Yu. A. Izrael Institute of Global Climate and Ecology, Moscow (Russia)
  8. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD), Hanoi (Vietnam)
  9. Department of Geography Makerere University, Kampala (Uganda)
  10. Department of Human Ecology Rutgers University New Brunswick. NJ (United States)
  11. IFPRI, Washington, DC (United States)
  12. Center for Global Environmental Research National Institute for Environmental Studies Tsukuba, Ibaraki (Japan)
  13. French National Institute for Agricultural, Environment and Food Research (INRA), Paris (France)
  14. National Agricultural Technology Institute (INTA) Natural Resources Research Center (CIRN) Institute of Soils Ciudad Autónoma, de Buenos Aires (Argentina)
  15. Institute of Biological & Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen (United Kingdom)
  16. Department of Livestock and Industrial Resources, Makerere University, Kampala (Uganda)
  17. School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol (United Kingdom)
  18. Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States); Climate Focus, Berlin (Germany)
  19. NSW Department of Primary Industries DPI Agriculture Livestock Industries Centre, University of New England, Armidale NSW (Australia)
  20. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT, IMK‐IFU), Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany); Institute of Geography University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh (United Kingdom)
  21. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Atmospheric Environmental Research (KIT, IMK‐IFU), Garmisch‐Partenkirchen (Germany)

There is a clear need for transformative change in the land management and food production sectors to address the global land challenges of climate change mitigation, climate change adaptation, combatting land degradation and desertification, and delivering food security (referred to hereafter as “land challenges”). We assess the potential for 40 practices to address these land challenges and find that: Nine options deliver medium to large benefits for all four land challenges. A further two options have no global estimates for adaptation, but have medium to large benefits for all other land challenges. Five options have large mitigation potential (>3 Gt CO2eq/year) without adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Five options have moderate mitigation potential, with no adverse impacts on the other land challenges. Sixteen practices have large adaptation potential (>25 million people benefit), without adverse side effects on other land challenges. Most practices can be applied without competing for available land. However, seven options could result in competition for land. A large number of practices do not require dedicated land, including several land management options, all value chain options, and all risk management options. Four options could greatly increase competition for land if applied at a large scale, though the impact is scale and context specific, highlighting the need for safeguards to ensure that expansion of land for mitigation does not impact natural systems and food security. A number of practices, such as increased food productivity, dietary change and reduced food loss and waste, can reduce demand for land conversion, thereby potentially freeing-up land and creating opportunities for enhanced implementation of other practices, making them important components of portfolios of practices to address the combined land challenges.

Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
1625880
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1770076
Journal Information:
Global Change Biology, Journal Name: Global Change Biology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 26; ISSN 1354-1013
Publisher:
WileyCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Exploring SSP land-use dynamics using the IMAGE model: Regional and gridded scenarios of land-use change and land-based climate change mitigation journal January 2018
Sustainable intensification: What is its role in climate smart agriculture? journal October 2014
The case of urban sprawl in Spain as an active and irreversible driving force for desertification journal March 2013
Mangrove management for climate change adaptation and sustainable development in coastal zones journal July 2017
Ecological restoration across the Mediterranean Basin as viewed by practitioners other January 2016
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture without compromising food security? journal October 2017
Footprint of Research in Desertification Management in China journal July 2015
On the Long-Term Hydroclimatic Sustainability of Perennial Bioenergy Crop Expansion over the United States journal April 2017
Assessing the impact of population, income and technology on energy consumption and industrial pollutant emissions in China journal October 2015
The extent of forest in dryland biomes journal May 2017
Management influence on maize-wheat system performance, water productivity and soil biology journal September 2015
Future harvesting pressure on European forests journal October 2006
Climate Change Impacts on Global Food Security journal August 2013
Conflicting values: ecosystem services and invasive tree management journal November 2013
Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires text January 2012
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture without compromising food security? null January 2017
Food Security Politics and the Millennium Development Goals journal February 2011
Estimated Global Mortality Attributable to Smoke from Landscape Fires journal May 2012
Greenhouse gas mitigation in agriculture journal September 2007
Climate change adaptation in crop production: Beware of illusions journal July 2014
Harnessing Ecosystem-based Adaptation To Address the Social Dimensions of Climate Change journal December 2013
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions journal December 2015
Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of agricultural production systems, agricultural input efficiency, and food choice journal June 2017
Reforestation in a high-CO 2 world-Higher mitigation potential than expected, lower adaptation potential than hoped for : POTENTIAL OF REFORESTATION IN MPI-ESM journal June 2016
Global Consequences of Land Use journal July 2005
Food security and sustainable intensification journal April 2014
Simultaneously Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change and Improving Human Health and Food Security journal January 2012
Scenarios for vulnerability: opportunities and constraints in the context of climate change and disaster risk journal November 2013
Restoring Soil Quality to Mitigate Soil Degradation journal May 2015
Preventing fires and haze in Southeast Asia journal June 2016
Potential mitigation of the environmental impacts of food systems through urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) – a life cycle assessment approach journal January 2017
Greenhouse gas mitigation potential of the world’s grazing lands: Modeling soil carbon and nitrogen fluxes of mitigation practices journal September 2015
Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world journal March 2017
Implications for the science of air pollution and health journal December 2017
Global food demand and the sustainable intensification of agriculture journal November 2011
Science-based approach for credible accounting of mitigation in managed forests journal May 2018
Climate change mitigation via afforestation, reforestation and deforestation avoidance: and what about adaptation to environmental change? journal January 2009
Smallholder Agriculture and Climate Change journal October 2017
Life Cycle Assessment of Biochar Systems: Estimating the Energetic, Economic, and Climate Change Potential journal January 2010
Global Hotspots of Conflict Risk between Food Security and Biodiversity Conservation journal October 2017
Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the distribution of mobilized Al between soil solution and solid phase journal October 2006
Spatial dynamic modeling and urban land use transformation: a simulation approach to assessing the costs of urban sprawl journal November 2004
The Demand for Microinsurance: A Literature Review journal June 2017
Substitution effects of wood-based products in climate change mitigation report November 2018
Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change journal June 2012
Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images journal February 2019
Food Surplus and Its Climate Burdens text January 2016
When early warning is not enough—Lessons learned from the 2011 Somalia Famine journal December 2012
Sustainable Management of Tropical Forests Can Reduce Carbon Emissions and Stabilize Timber Production journal August 2016
Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta-analysis journal September 2016
Exploring SSP land-use dynamics using the IMAGE model: Regional and gridded scenarios of land-use change and land-based climate change mitigation journal January 2018
Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use journal August 2017
Food consumption, diet shifts and associated non-CO2 greenhouse gases from agricultural production journal August 2010
Soil Erosion: A Food and Environmental Threat journal February 2006
Biophysical and economic limits to negative CO2 emissions journal December 2015
Trade-offs of different land and bioenergy policies on the path to achieving climate targets journal October 2013
Global food security in 2050: the role of agricultural productivity and climate change journal March 2014
Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change journal August 2010
Fates of Eroded soil Organic Carbon: Mississippi Basin case Study journal December 2005
Demand side drivers of global food security journal September 2013
Climate benefits of changing diet journal February 2009
A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation journal March 2014
Strategies for feeding the world more sustainably with organic agriculture journal November 2017
Implications for the science of air pollution and health journal December 2017
The importance of reduced meat and dairy consumption for meeting stringent climate change targets journal March 2014
Forest certification—an instrument to promote sustainable forest management? journal January 2003
Agricultural diversification as an important strategy for achieving food security in Africa journal April 2018
Soil compaction in cropping systems journal June 2005
Climate risk adaptation by smallholder farmers: the roles of trees and agroforestry journal February 2014
The trouble with negative emissions journal October 2016
Negative emissions—Part 2: Costs, potentials and side effects journal May 2018
Adapting agriculture to climate change in Kenya: Household strategies and determinants journal January 2013
Sustainable biochar to mitigate global climate change journal August 2010
Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south-east Asia: GREENHOUSE GAS FLUXES FROM TROPICAL PEATLANDS journal July 2009
Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation journal January 2017
Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle journal December 2018
Effective livelihood adaptation to climate change disturbance: Scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique journal November 2008
Troubling Tradition, Community, and Self-Reliance: Reframing Expectations for Village Seed Banks journal October 2017
Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015: demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure journal September 2016
Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop-livestock systems – Corrigendum journal April 2013
Policy and institutional dimensions of the water–energy nexus journal October 2011
Early warning systems for food security in West Africa: evolution, achievements and challenges journal January 2011
Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) in drylands and beyond – where has it come from and where does it go journal January 2017
Ecological restoration of Xingu Basin headwaters: motivations, engagement, challenges and perspectives
  • Durigan, Giselda; Guerin, Natalia; da Costa, José Nicola Martorano Neves
  • Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 368, Issue 1619 https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0165
journal June 2013
Natural recovery of soil physical properties from treading damage of pastoral soils in New Zealand and Australia: A review journal June 2006
Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global forest cover journal February 2016
Land degradation and climate change: building climate resilience in agriculture journal September 2017
Synergies among climate change and biodiversity conservation measures and policies in the forest sector: A case study of Southeast Asian countries journal February 2018
Management influence on maize-wheat system performance, water productivity and soil biology journal September 2015
Federal Crop Insurance and the Disincentive to Adapt to Extreme Heat journal May 2015
Lost food, wasted resources: Global food supply chain losses and their impacts on freshwater, cropland, and fertiliser use journal November 2012
Troubling Tradition, Community, and Self-Reliance: Reframing Expectations for Village Seed Banks journal October 2017
Desertification Susceptibility Mapping Using Logistic Regression Analysis in the Djelfa Area, Algeria journal October 2017
REDD+, Adaptation, and Sustainable Forest Management: Toward Effective Polycentric Global Forest Governance journal August 2013
The role of grasslands in food security and climate change journal September 2012
Global change pressures on soils from land use and management journal December 2015
Harnessing nature to help people adapt to climate change journal June 2012
Adapting to climate change to sustain food security: Adapting to climate change to sustain food security journal June 2010
Diversification and ecosystem services for conservation agriculture: Outcomes from pastures and integrated crop–livestock systems journal March 2013
The Land-Use Consequences of Woody Biomass with More Stringent Climate Mitigation Scenarios journal January 2017
Global Consequences of Land Use journal July 2005
The extent of forest in dryland biomes journal May 2017
Farmer seed networks make a limited contribution to agriculture? Four common misconceptions journal October 2015
Food Surplus and Its Climate Burdens journal April 2016
Ecological restoration across the Mediterranean Basin as viewed by practitioners journal October 2016
Implications of higher global food prices for poverty in low-income countries 1 journal November 2008
Stabilization Wedges: Solving the Climate Problem for the Next 50 Years with Current Technologies journal August 2004
An Ex Post Evaluation of the Conservation Reserve, Federal Crop Insurance, and Other Government Programs: Program Participation and Soil Erosion text January 2003
Wet and Wonderful: The World's Largest Wetlands Are Conservation Priorities journal January 2009
Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global terrestrial carbon uptake? journal January 2013
The performance and potential of protected areas journal November 2014
Urban Sprawl and Public Health journal May 2002
Land-use futures in the shared socio-economic pathways journal January 2017
Re-framing the climate change debate in the livestock sector: mitigation and adaptation options: Mitigation and adaptation options in the livestock sector journal July 2016
The role of afforestation programme in combating desertification in Nigeria journal March 2010
The role of soil organic matter in maintaining the productivity and yield stability of cereals in China journal January 2009
Effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids on the distribution of mobilized Al between soil solution and solid phase journal October 2006
Managing food price risks and instability in a liberalizing market environment: Overview and policy options journal August 2006
Spatial dynamic modeling and urban land use transformation: a simulation approach to assessing the costs of urban sprawl journal November 2004
Assessing the Impact of Land Conversion to Urban Use on Soils with Different Productivity Levels in the USA journal March 2001
Examining the changing profile of undernutrition in the context of food price rises and greater inequality journal January 2016
Estimation of maize evapotranspiration using extreme learning machine and generalized regression neural network on the China Loess Plateau journal August 2016
Greenhouse gas mitigation by agricultural intensification journal June 2010
The Impact of Agricultural Soil Erosion on the Global Carbon Cycle journal October 2007
Importance of Animals in Agricultural Sustainability and Food Security journal May 2015
Land degradation is contextual journal January 2002
Animals and the zoogeochemistry of the carbon cycle journal December 2018
Budgets of soil erosion and deposition for sediments and sedimentary organic carbon across the conterminous United States journal September 2001
Crop Insurance, Disaster Payments, and Land Use Change: The Effect of Sodsaver on Incentives for Grassland Conversion journal May 2011
Greenhouse gas fluxes from tropical peatlands in south-east Asia: GREENHOUSE GAS FLUXES FROM TROPICAL PEATLANDS journal July 2009
Traditional seed and exchange systems cement social relations and provide a safety net: A case study from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa journal August 2017
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture without compromising food security? journal October 2017
The Demand for Microinsurance: A Literature Review journal June 2017
Sustainability of social–ecological systems under conservation projects: Lessons from a biodiversity hotspot in western China journal February 2013
Grazing effects on soil physical properties and the consequences for pastures: a review journal January 2001
Reducing climate risk for micro-insurance providers in Africa: A case study of Ethiopia journal February 2009
Development, global change and traditional food security in Pacific Island countries journal October 2014
Biophysical climate impacts of recent changes in global forest cover journal February 2016
Global Tree Cover and Biomass Carbon on Agricultural Land: The contribution of agroforestry to global and national carbon budgets journal July 2016
Agricultural Productivity Changes Induced by the Sloping Land Conversion Program: An Analysis of Wuqi County in the Loess Plateau Region journal December 2009
Human appropriation of land for food: The role of diet journal November 2016
Carbon Dioxide and Methane Fluxes in Drained Tropical peat Before and After Hydrological Restoration journal December 2008
Migration as an Adaptation to Climate Change journal March 2006
Assessing potential desertification environmental impact in life cycle assessment: Part 1: Methodological aspects journal October 2009
Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils: a review: Soil carbon dynamics in saline and sodic soils journal December 2009
Animating the Carbon Cycle journal September 2013
The impact of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration in European forests and forest soils journal July 2006
The impact of nitrogen deposition on carbon sequestration by European forests and heathlands journal September 2009
By 2050 the Mitigation Effects of EU Forests Could Nearly Double through Climate Smart Forestry journal December 2017
Land, farming, livelihoods, and poverty: Rethinking the links in the Rural South journal January 2006
Trade-offs and synergies between carbon storage and livelihood benefits from forest commons journal October 2009
Controlled traffic farming effects on soil emissions of nitrous oxide and methane journal March 2018
Diversification Strategies and Adaptation Deficit: Evidence from Rural Communities in Niger journal January 2018
Estimating Global “Blue Carbon” Emissions from Conversion and Degradation of Vegetated Coastal Ecosystems journal September 2012
Mapping the world's degraded lands journal February 2015
A comparative global assessment of potential negative emissions technologies journal November 2012
Food Security Politics and the Millennium Development Goals journal February 2011
Restoring natural forests is the best way to remove atmospheric carbon journal April 2019
A role for tropical forests in stabilizing atmospheric CO2 journal November 2015
Adapting to Climate Change by Improving Water Productivity of Soils in dry Areas journal February 2011
Tropical forests are a net carbon source based on aboveground measurements of gain and loss journal September 2017
The economic potential of bioenergy for climate change mitigation with special attention given to implications for the land system journal July 2011
The Role of Wood Material for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation journal July 2006
The global tree restoration potential journal July 2019
Global Air Quality and Health Co-benefits of Mitigating Near-Term Climate Change through Methane and Black Carbon Emission Controls journal June 2012
Human appropriation of land for food: The role of diet journal November 2016
Global projections of future cropland expansion to 2050 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage journal October 2018
Climate change adaptation in mixed crop–livestock systems in developing countries journal July 2014
Does forest expansion mitigate the risk of desertification? Exploring soil degradation and land-use changes in a Mediterranean country journal September 2014
Using REDD+ Policy to Facilitate Climate Adaptation at the Local Level: Synergies and Challenges in Vietnam journal December 2016

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