The Transcriptome of an Amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, from the Bahamas: A Window into Chordate Evolution
Abstract
Cephalochordates, the sister group of tunicates plus vertebrates, have been called “living fossils” due to their resemblance to fossil chordates from Cambrian strata. The genome of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae shares remarkable synteny with vertebrates and is free from whole-genome duplication. We performed RNA sequencing from larvae and adults of Asymmetron lucayanum, a cephalochordate distantly related to B. floridae. Comparisons of about 430 orthologous gene groups among both cephalochordates and 10 vertebrates using an echinoderm, a hemichordate, and a mollusk as outgroups showed that cephalochordates are evolving more slowly than the slowest evolving vertebrate known (the elephant shark), with A. lucayanum evolving even more slowly than B. floridae. Against this background of slow evolution, some genes, notably several involved in innate immunity, stand out as evolving relatively quickly. This may be due to the lack of an adaptive immune system and the relatively high levels of bacteria in the inshore waters cephalochordates inhabit. Molecular dating analysis including several time constraints revealed a divergence time of ~120 Ma for A. lucayanum and B. floridae. The divisions between cephalochordates and vertebrates, and that between chordates and the hemichordate plus echinoderm clade likely occurred before the Cambrian.
- Authors:
-
- Rice Univ., Houston, TX (United States). BioSciences
- Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan). Inst. of Cellular and Organismic Biology
- Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography. Marine Biology Research Division
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth and Environmental Systems Science Division
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1625337
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-05CH11231
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Genome Biology and Evolution
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 10; Journal ID: ISSN 1759-6653
- Publisher:
- Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity; amphioxus; Branchiostoma; Asymmetron; chordate evolution; transcriptome; innate immunity
Citation Formats
Yue, Jia-Xing, Yu, Jr-Kai, Putnam, Nicholas H., and Holland, Linda Z. The Transcriptome of an Amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, from the Bahamas: A Window into Chordate Evolution. United States: N. p., 2014.
Web. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu212.
Yue, Jia-Xing, Yu, Jr-Kai, Putnam, Nicholas H., & Holland, Linda Z. The Transcriptome of an Amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, from the Bahamas: A Window into Chordate Evolution. United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu212
Yue, Jia-Xing, Yu, Jr-Kai, Putnam, Nicholas H., and Holland, Linda Z. Fri .
"The Transcriptome of an Amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, from the Bahamas: A Window into Chordate Evolution". United States. https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu212. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1625337.
@article{osti_1625337,
title = {The Transcriptome of an Amphioxus, Asymmetron lucayanum, from the Bahamas: A Window into Chordate Evolution},
author = {Yue, Jia-Xing and Yu, Jr-Kai and Putnam, Nicholas H. and Holland, Linda Z.},
abstractNote = {Cephalochordates, the sister group of tunicates plus vertebrates, have been called “living fossils” due to their resemblance to fossil chordates from Cambrian strata. The genome of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae shares remarkable synteny with vertebrates and is free from whole-genome duplication. We performed RNA sequencing from larvae and adults of Asymmetron lucayanum, a cephalochordate distantly related to B. floridae. Comparisons of about 430 orthologous gene groups among both cephalochordates and 10 vertebrates using an echinoderm, a hemichordate, and a mollusk as outgroups showed that cephalochordates are evolving more slowly than the slowest evolving vertebrate known (the elephant shark), with A. lucayanum evolving even more slowly than B. floridae. Against this background of slow evolution, some genes, notably several involved in innate immunity, stand out as evolving relatively quickly. This may be due to the lack of an adaptive immune system and the relatively high levels of bacteria in the inshore waters cephalochordates inhabit. Molecular dating analysis including several time constraints revealed a divergence time of ~120 Ma for A. lucayanum and B. floridae. The divisions between cephalochordates and vertebrates, and that between chordates and the hemichordate plus echinoderm clade likely occurred before the Cambrian.},
doi = {10.1093/gbe/evu212},
journal = {Genome Biology and Evolution},
number = 10,
volume = 6,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014},
month = {Fri Sep 19 00:00:00 EDT 2014}
}
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