Optical waveguiding by atomic entanglement in multilevel atom arrays
Abstract
The optical properties of subwavelength arrays of atoms or other quantum emitters have attracted significant interest recently. For example, the strong constructive or destructive interference of emitted light enables arrays to function as nearly perfect mirrors, support topological edge states, and allow for exponentially better quantum memories. In these proposals, the assumed atomic structure was simple, consisting of a unique electronic ground state. Within linear optics, the system is then equivalent to a periodic array of classical dielectric particles, whose periodicity supports the emergence of guided modes. However, it has not been known whether such phenomena persist in the presence of hyperfine structure, as exhibited by most quantum emitters. Here, we show that waveguiding can arise from rich atomic entanglement as a quantum many-body effect and elucidate the necessary conditions. Our work represents a significant step forward in understanding collective effects in arrays of atoms with realistic electronic structure.
- Authors:
-
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States)
- California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
- Barcelona Inst. of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona (Spain); Inst. Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08015 Barcelona (Spain)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States); Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Programmable Quantum Materials (Pro-QM)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Ministry of Economic Affairs and Digital Transformation of Spain (MINECO); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities; State Research Agency; European Regional Development Fund (ERDF); Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya; European Research Council (ERC); Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca; US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research (ONR); US Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1625047
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0019443; 2017 SGR 1334; N00014-16-1-2399; N00014-15-1-2761; FA9550-16-1-0323
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 116; Journal Issue: 51; Journal ID: ISSN 0027-8424
- Publisher:
- National Academy of Sciences
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS; science & technology - other topics; quantum optics; atomic physics; collective phenomena
Citation Formats
Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, Kimble, H. J., and Chang, Darrick E. Optical waveguiding by atomic entanglement in multilevel atom arrays. United States: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1073/pnas.1911467116.
Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, Kimble, H. J., & Chang, Darrick E. Optical waveguiding by atomic entanglement in multilevel atom arrays. United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911467116
Asenjo-Garcia, Ana, Kimble, H. J., and Chang, Darrick E. Tue .
"Optical waveguiding by atomic entanglement in multilevel atom arrays". United States. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911467116. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1625047.
@article{osti_1625047,
title = {Optical waveguiding by atomic entanglement in multilevel atom arrays},
author = {Asenjo-Garcia, Ana and Kimble, H. J. and Chang, Darrick E.},
abstractNote = {The optical properties of subwavelength arrays of atoms or other quantum emitters have attracted significant interest recently. For example, the strong constructive or destructive interference of emitted light enables arrays to function as nearly perfect mirrors, support topological edge states, and allow for exponentially better quantum memories. In these proposals, the assumed atomic structure was simple, consisting of a unique electronic ground state. Within linear optics, the system is then equivalent to a periodic array of classical dielectric particles, whose periodicity supports the emergence of guided modes. However, it has not been known whether such phenomena persist in the presence of hyperfine structure, as exhibited by most quantum emitters. Here, we show that waveguiding can arise from rich atomic entanglement as a quantum many-body effect and elucidate the necessary conditions. Our work represents a significant step forward in understanding collective effects in arrays of atoms with realistic electronic structure.},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1911467116},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
number = 51,
volume = 116,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2019},
month = {Tue Nov 26 00:00:00 EST 2019}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 27 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:
Fig. 1: Illustration of the breakdown of the 2-level atom picture of dipole–dipole interactions, due to atomic hyperfine structure. (A) Illustration of photon-mediated interactions between two 2-level atoms, with unique ground and excited states. (B) Schematic of a 1D array of multilevel atoms extended along the z direction. The atomsmore »
All figures and tables
(6 total)
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Magnetic Sensitivity Beyond the Projection Noise Limit by Spin Squeezing
journal, December 2012
- Sewell, R. J.; Koschorreck, M.; Napolitano, M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 109, Issue 25
Controlled manipulation of light by cooperative response of atoms in an optical lattice
text, January 2011
- Jenkins, Stewart D.; Ruostekoski, Janne
- arXiv
Cavity QED with atomic mirrors
journal, June 2012
- Chang, D. E.; Jiang, L.; Gorshkov, A. V.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 6
Cooperative Resonances in Light Scattering from Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays
journal, March 2017
- Shahmoon, Ephraim; Wild, Dominik S.; Lukin, Mikhail D.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 11
Superradiance: An essay on the theory of collective spontaneous emission
journal, December 1982
- Gross, M.; Haroche, S.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 93, Issue 5
Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles
journal, April 2010
- Hammerer, Klemens; Sørensen, Anders S.; Polzik, Eugene S.
- Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 82, Issue 2
Population mixing due to dipole-dipole interactions in a one-dimensional array of multilevel atoms
journal, September 2018
- Munro, E.; Asenjo-Garcia, A.; Lin, Y.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 98, Issue 3
Cooperative resonances in light scattering from two-dimensional atomic arrays
text, January 2016
- Shahmoon, Ephraim; Wild, Dominik S.; Lukin, Mikhail D.
- arXiv
Coherent light scattering from a two-dimensional Mott insulator
text, January 2011
- Weitenberg, Christof; Schauß, Peter; Fukuhara, Takeshi
- arXiv
Controlled manipulation of light by cooperative response of atoms in an optical lattice
journal, September 2012
- Jenkins, Stewart D.; Ruostekoski, Janne
- Physical Review A, Vol. 86, Issue 3
Cooperative ordering in lattices of interacting two-level dipoles
journal, December 2015
- Bettles, Robert J.; Gardiner, Simon A.; Adams, Charles S.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 92, Issue 6
Photon storage in -type optically dense atomic media. II. Free-space model
journal, September 2007
- Gorshkov, Alexey V.; André, Axel; Lukin, Mikhail D.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 76, Issue 3
Rabi oscillation in a quantum cavity: Markovian and non-Markovian dynamics
journal, February 2016
- Guimond, Pierre-Olivier; Roulet, Alexandre; Le, Huy Nguyen
- Physical Review A, Vol. 93, Issue 2
Protected State Enhanced Quantum Metrology with Interacting Two-Level Ensembles
journal, September 2013
- Ostermann, Laurin; Ritsch, Helmut; Genes, Claudiu
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 111, Issue 12
Critical open-system dynamics in a one-dimensional optical-lattice clock
journal, February 2019
- Henriet, Loïc; Douglas, James S.; Chang, Darrick E.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 2
Free-space photonic quantum link and chiral quantum optics
journal, October 2018
- Grankin, A.; Guimond, P. O.; Vasilyev, D. V.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 98, Issue 4
Rapid Production of Many-Body Entanglement in Spin-1 Atoms via Cavity Output Photon Counting
journal, March 2019
- Masson, Stuart J.; Parkins, Scott
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 10
Subradiance via Entanglement in Atoms with Several Independent Decay Channels
journal, April 2017
- Hebenstreit, Martin; Kraus, Barbara; Ostermann, Laurin
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 14
Implementation of Cavity Squeezing of a Collective Atomic Spin
journal, February 2010
- Leroux, Ian D.; Schleier-Smith, Monika H.; Vuletić, Vladan
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 7
Detection of multipartite entanglement in the vicinity of symmetric Dicke states
text, January 2005
- Toth, Geza
- arXiv
Storing light with subradiant correlations in arrays of atoms
text, January 2016
- Facchinetti, G.; Jenkins, S. D.; Ruostekoski, J.
- arXiv
Quantum Noise Limited and Entanglement-Assisted Magnetometry
conference, January 2010
- Jensen, Kasper; Wasilewski, Wojciech; Krauter, Hanna
- Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010
Tunable two-dimensional arrays of single Rydberg atoms for realizing quantum Ising models
journal, June 2016
- Labuhn, Henning; Barredo, Daniel; Ravets, Sylvain
- Nature, Vol. 534, Issue 7609
Optimization of photon storage fidelity in ordered atomic arrays
journal, August 2018
- Manzoni, M. T.; Moreno-Cardoner, M.; Asenjo-Garcia, A.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 20, Issue 8
Measurement noise 100 times lower than the quantum-projection limit using entangled atoms
journal, January 2016
- Hosten, Onur; Engelsen, Nils J.; Krishnakumar, Rajiv
- Nature, Vol. 529, Issue 7587
Universal quantum computation in waveguide QED using decoherence free subspaces
journal, April 2016
- Paulisch, V.; Kimble, H. J.; González-Tudela, A.
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 4
Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays
journal, November 2016
- Endres, Manuel; Bernien, Hannes; Keesling, Alexander
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6315
Atom-light interactions in quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures: A Green's-function perspective
journal, March 2017
- Asenjo-Garcia, A.; Hood, J. D.; Chang, D. E.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Guiding optical modes in chains of dielectric particles
journal, January 2007
- Blaustein, Gail S.; Gozman, Michael I.; Samoylova, Olga
- Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 25
Quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms
journal, July 2012
- Peyronel, Thibault; Firstenberg, Ofer; Liang, Qi-Yu
- Nature, Vol. 488, Issue 7409
Quantum interface between light and atomic ensembles
text, January 2008
- Hammerer, K.; Sorensen, A. S.; Polzik, E. S.
- arXiv
Light speed reduction to 17 metres per second in an ultracold atomic gas
journal, February 1999
- Hau, Lene Vestergaard; Harris, S. E.; Dutton, Zachary
- Nature, Vol. 397, Issue 6720
Critical open-system dynamics in a one-dimensional optical lattice clock
text, January 2018
- Henriet, Loïc; Douglas, James S.; Chang, Darrick E.
- arXiv
Probing the Superfluid-to-Mott Insulator Transition at the Single-Atom Level
journal, June 2010
- Bakr, W. S.; Peng, A.; Tai, M. E.
- Science, Vol. 329, Issue 5991
Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator
journal, November 2017
- Bernien, Hannes; Schwartz, Sylvain; Keesling, Alexander
- Nature, Vol. 551, Issue 7682
Magnetic sensitivity beyond the projection noise limit by spin squeezing
text, January 2011
- Sewell, R. J.; Koschorreck, M.; Napolitano, M.
- arXiv
Rapid production of uniformly-filled arrays of neutral atoms
text, January 2015
- Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.
- arXiv
Single-Photon Transistor Mediated by Interstate Rydberg Interactions
journal, July 2014
- Gorniaczyk, H.; Tresp, C.; Schmidt, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 5
Multiphoton-scattering theory and generalized master equations
journal, November 2015
- Shi, Tao; Chang, Darrick E.; Cirac, J. Ignacio
- Physical Review A, Vol. 92, Issue 5
Breakdown of the Few-Level Approximation in Collective Systems
conference, January 2007
- Evers, Jörg; Kiffner, Martin; Keitel, Christoph H.
- Conference on Coherence and Quantum Optics
Reduced spin measurement back-action for a phase sensitivity ten times beyond the standard quantum limit
journal, July 2014
- Bohnet, J. G.; Cox, K. C.; Norcia, M. A.
- Nature Photonics, Vol. 8, Issue 9
Defect-free assembly of 2D clusters of more than 100 single-atom quantum systems
text, January 2019
- de Mello, Daniel Ohl; Schäffner, Dominik; Werkmann, Jan
- arXiv
Quantum Noise Limited and Entanglement-Assisted Magnetometry
journal, March 2010
- Wasilewski, W.; Jensen, K.; Krauter, H.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 13
Optimization of photon storage fidelity in ordered atomic arrays
text, January 2017
- Manzoni, M. T.; Moreno-Cardoner, M.; Asenjo-Garcia, A.
- arXiv
Metastability and directional emission characteristics of excitons in 1D optical lattices
journal, April 2010
- Zoubi, H.; Ritsch, H.
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 90, Issue 2
Breakdown of the few-level approximation in collective systems
text, January 2006
- Kiffner, M.; Evers, J.; Keitel, C. H.
- arXiv
Entanglement detection in the vicinity of arbitrary Dicke states
text, January 2011
- Duan, L. -M.
- arXiv
Subradiance and entanglement in atoms with several independent decay channels
text, January 2017
- Hebenstreit, Martin; Kraus, Barbara; Ostermann, Laurin
- arXiv
A quantum gas microscope for detecting single atoms in a Hubbard-regime optical lattice
journal, November 2009
- Bakr, Waseem S.; Gillen, Jonathon I.; Peng, Amy
- Nature, Vol. 462, Issue 7269
Rapid Production of Uniformly Filled Arrays of Neutral Atoms
journal, August 2015
- Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 115, Issue 7
Defect-Free Assembly of 2D Clusters of More Than 100 Single-Atom Quantum Systems
journal, May 2019
- Ohl de Mello, Daniel; Schäffner, Dominik; Werkmann, Jan
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 20
Topological properties of a dense atomic lattice gas
text, January 2017
- Bettles, Robert J.; Minář, Jiří; Lesanovsky, Igor
- arXiv
Coherent Light Scattering from a Two-Dimensional Mott Insulator
journal, May 2011
- Weitenberg, Christof; Schauß, Peter; Fukuhara, Takeshi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 21
Detection of multipartite entanglement in the vicinity of symmetric Dicke states
journal, January 2007
- Tóth, Géza
- Journal of the Optical Society of America B, Vol. 24, Issue 2
Subradiance in Multiply Excited States of Dipole-Coupled V-Type Atoms
preprint, January 2019
- Holzinger, Raphael; Ostermann, Laurin; Ritsch, Helmut
- arXiv
An atom-by-atom assembler of defect-free arbitrary two-dimensional atomic arrays
journal, November 2016
- Barredo, Daniel; de Léséleuc, Sylvain; Lienhard, Vincent
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6315
Implementation of Cavity Squeezing of a Collective Atomic Spin
text, January 2009
- Leroux, Ian D.; Schleier-Smith, Monika H.; Vuletić, Vladan
- arXiv
Selective protected state preparation of coupled dissipative quantum emitters
journal, November 2015
- Plankensteiner, D.; Ostermann, L.; Ritsch, H.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Subradiance in multiply excited states of dipole-coupled V-type atoms
journal, November 2019
- Holzinger, Raphael; Ostermann, Laurin; Ritsch, Helmut
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 128, Issue 4
Synthetic three-dimensional atomic structures assembled atom by atom
journal, September 2018
- Barredo, Daniel; Lienhard, Vincent; de Léséleuc, Sylvain
- Nature, Vol. 561, Issue 7721
Waveguide sub-wavelength structures: a review of principles and applications: Waveguide sub-wavelength structures
journal, September 2014
- Halir, Robert; Bock, Przemek J.; Cheben, Pavel
- Laser & Photonics Reviews, Vol. 9, Issue 1
Cooperative Ordering in Lattices of Interacting Two-Level Dipoles
text, January 2014
- Bettles, Robert J.; Gardiner, Simon A.; Adams, Charles S.
- arXiv
'Free-Space' Photonic Quantum Link and Chiral Quantum Optics
text, January 2018
- Grankin, A.; Guimond, P. O.; Vasilyev, D. V.
- arXiv
Subradiant Bell States in Distant Atomic Arrays
journal, March 2019
- Guimond, P. -O.; Grankin, A.; Vasilyev, D. V.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 9
Quantum nonlinear optics with single photons enabled by strongly interacting atoms
journal, July 2012
- Peyronel, Thibault; Firstenberg, Ofer; Liang, Qi-Yu
- Nature, Vol. 488, Issue 7409
Tunable two-dimensional arrays of single Rydberg atoms for realizing quantum Ising models
journal, June 2016
- Labuhn, Henning; Barredo, Daniel; Ravets, Sylvain
- Nature, Vol. 534, Issue 7609
Green-function approach to the radiation-field quantization for homogeneous and inhomogeneous Kramers-Kronig dielectrics
journal, March 1996
- Gruner, T.; Welsch, D. -G.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 53, Issue 3
Geometry-dependent dynamics of two -type atoms via vacuum-induced coherences
journal, February 2006
- Evers, Jörg; Kiffner, Martin; Macovei, Mihai
- Physical Review A, Vol. 73, Issue 2
Breakdown of the few-level approximation in collective systems
journal, July 2007
- Kiffner, M.; Evers, J.; Keitel, C. H.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 76, Issue 1
Lifetime and emission characteristics of collective electronic excitations in two-dimensional optical lattices
journal, June 2011
- Zoubi, Hashem; Ritsch, Helmut
- Physical Review A, Vol. 83, Issue 6
Collective dipole-dipole interactions in an atomic array
journal, July 2016
- Sutherland, R. T.; Robicheaux, F.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 94, Issue 1
Cooperative eigenmodes and scattering in one-dimensional atomic arrays
journal, October 2016
- Bettles, Robert J.; Gardiner, Simon A.; Adams, Charles S.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 94, Issue 4
Topological properties of a dense atomic lattice gas
journal, October 2017
- Bettles, Robert J.; Minář, Jiří; Adams, Charles S.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 96, Issue 4
Entanglement Detection in the Vicinity of Arbitrary Dicke States
journal, October 2011
- Duan, L. -M.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 107, Issue 18
Single-Photon Transistor Using a Förster Resonance
journal, July 2014
- Tiarks, Daniel; Baur, Simon; Schneider, Katharina
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 113, Issue 5
Storing Light with Subradiant Correlations in Arrays of Atoms
journal, December 2016
- Facchinetti, G.; Jenkins, S. D.; Ruostekoski, J.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 24
Topological Quantum Optics in Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays
journal, July 2017
- Perczel, J.; Borregaard, J.; Chang, D. E.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 2
Universal Approach to Optimal Photon Storage in Atomic Media
journal, March 2007
- Gorshkov, Alexey V.; André, Axel; Fleischhauer, Michael
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 12
Atom-by-atom assembly of defect-free one-dimensional cold atom arrays
journal, November 2016
- Endres, Manuel; Bernien, Hannes; Keesling, Alexander
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6315
Bringing order to neutral atom arrays
journal, November 2016
- Regal, Cindy
- Science, Vol. 354, Issue 6315
Metastability and directional emission characteristics of excitons in 1D optical lattices
journal, April 2010
- Zoubi, H.; Ritsch, H.
- EPL (Europhysics Letters), Vol. 90, Issue 2
Government Policy in the Industry Ukrainian Education and Teaching Methods in the 20s of the xx Century
journal, December 2007
- Polishchuk, H. P.
- Educational Dimension, Vol. 17
Quantum noise limited and entanglement-assisted magnetometry
text, January 2009
- Wasilewski, W.; Jensen, K.; Krauter, H.
- arXiv
A quantum gas microscope - detecting single atoms in a Hubbard regime optical lattice
text, January 2009
- Bakr, Waseem S.; Gillen, Jonathon I.; Peng, Amy
- arXiv
Coherent light scattering from a two-dimensional Mott insulator
text, January 2011
- Weitenberg, Christof; Schauß, Peter; Fukuhara, Takeshi
- arXiv
Magnetic sensitivity beyond the projection noise limit by spin squeezing
text, January 2011
- Sewell, R. J.; Koschorreck, M.; Napolitano, M.
- arXiv
Controlled manipulation of light by cooperative response of atoms in an optical lattice
text, January 2011
- Jenkins, Stewart D.; Ruostekoski, Janne
- arXiv
Protected state enhanced quantum metrology with interacting two-level ensembles
text, January 2013
- Ostermann, Laurin; Ritsch, Helmut; Genes, Claudiu
- arXiv
Single Photon Transistor Mediated by Inter-State Rydberg Interaction
text, January 2014
- Gorniaczyk, Hannes; Tresp, Christoph; Schmidt, Johannes
- arXiv
Rapid production of uniformly-filled arrays of neutral atoms
text, January 2015
- Lester, Brian J.; Luick, Niclas; Kaufman, Adam M.
- arXiv
Cooperative resonances in light scattering from two-dimensional atomic arrays
text, January 2016
- Shahmoon, Ephraim; Wild, Dominik S.; Lukin, Mikhail D.
- arXiv
Probing many-body dynamics on a 51-atom quantum simulator
text, January 2017
- Bernien, Hannes; Schwartz, Sylvain; Keesling, Alexander
- arXiv
'Free-Space' Photonic Quantum Link and Chiral Quantum Optics
text, January 2018
- Grankin, A.; Guimond, P. O.; Vasilyev, D. V.
- arXiv
Critical open-system dynamics in a one-dimensional optical lattice clock
text, January 2018
- Henriet, Loïc; Douglas, James S.; Chang, Darrick E.
- arXiv
Rapid production of many-body entanglement in spin-1 atoms via cavity output photon counting
text, January 2018
- Masson, Stuart J.; Parkins, Scott
- arXiv
Defect-free assembly of 2D clusters of more than 100 single-atom quantum systems
text, January 2019
- de Mello, Daniel Ohl; Schäffner, Dominik; Werkmann, Jan
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Bragg condition for scattering into a guided optical mode
journal, October 2021
- Olmos, B.; Liedl, C.; Lesanovsky, I.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 104, Issue 4
A superatom picture of collective nonclassical light emission and dipole blockade in atom arrays
text, January 2020
- Williamson, L. A.; Borgh, M. O.; Ruostekoski, J.
- arXiv
Signatures of optical phase transitions in super- and subradiant arrays of atoms
text, January 2020
- Parmee, C. D.; Ruostekoski, J.
- arXiv
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.