Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Gorman, M. G.; Coleman, A. L.; Briggs, R.; McWilliams, R. S.; McGonegle, D.; Bolme, C. A.; Gleason, A. E.; Galtier, E.; Lee, H. J.; Granados, E.; Śliwa, M.; Sanloup, C.; Rothman, S.; Fratanduono, D. E.; Smith, R. F.; Collins, G. W.; Eggert, J. H.; Wark, J. S.; McMahon, M. I.

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-35260-3

Title: Femtosecond diffraction studies of solid and liquid phase changes in shock-compressed bismuth

Journal Article · 16 November 2018 · Scientific Reports

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35260-3 · OSTI ID:1619839

Gorman, M. G.; Coleman, A. L.; Briggs, R.; McWilliams, R. S.; McGonegle, D.; Bolme, C. A.; Gleason, A. E.; Galtier, E.; Lee, H. J.;

; Śliwa, M.; Sanloup, C.;

; Fratanduono, D. E.; Smith, R. F.; Collins, G. W.; Eggert, J. H.; Wark, J. S.; McMahon, M. I.

Abstract Bismuth has long been a prototypical system for investigating phase transformations and melting at high pressure. Despite decades of experimental study, however, the lattice-level response of Bi to rapid (shock) compression and the relationship between structures occurring dynamically and those observed during slow (static) compression, are still not clearly understood. We have determined the structural response of shock-compressed Bi to 68 GPa using femtosecond X-ray diffraction, thereby revealing the phase transition sequence and equation-of-state in unprecedented detail for the first time. We show that shocked-Bi exhibits a marked departure from equilibrium behavior - the incommensurate Bi-III phase is not observed, but rather a new metastable phase, and the Bi-V phase is formed at significantly lower pressures compared to static compression studies. We also directly measure structural changes in a shocked liquid for the first time. These observations reveal new behaviour in the solid and liquid phases of a shocked material and give important insights into the validity of comparing static and dynamic datasets.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Lawrence Livermore National Security (LLNS); USDOE; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Fusion Energy Sciences (FES)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; AC52-06NA25396; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 1619839

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL--761084; LLNL-JRNL-746478; 16927; PII: 35260

Journal Information:: Scientific Reports, Journal Name: Scientific Reports Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 8; ISSN 2045-2322

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United Kingdom

Language:: English

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