Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives
Abstract
Real-time electrochemical monitoring in bioprocesses is an improvement over existing systems because it is versatile and provides more information to the user than periodic measurements of cell density or metabolic activity. Real-time electrochemical monitoring provides the ability to monitor the physiological status of actively growing cells related to electron transfer activity and potential changes in the proton gradient of the cells. Voltammetric and amperometric techniques offer opportunities to monitor electron transfer reactions when electrogenic microbes are used in microbial fuel cells or bioelectrochemical synthesis. Impedance techniques provide the ability to monitor the physiological status of a wide range of microorganisms in conventional bioprocesses. Impedance techniques involve scanning a range of frequencies to define physiological activity in terms of equivalent electrical circuits, thereby enabling the use of computer modeling to evaluate specific growth parameters. Electrochemical monitoring of microbial activity has applications throughout the biotechnology industry for generating real-time data and offers the potential for automated process controls for specific bioprocesses.
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Savannah River Site (SRS), Aiken, SC (United States). Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Environmental Management (EM)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1619312
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1561215
- Report Number(s):
- SRNL-STI-2019-00550
Journal ID: ISSN 0175-7598; PII: 10091
- Grant/Contract Number:
- Support for this work was provided by the U.S. Department of Energy to Savannah River Nuclear Solutions LLC under contract DE-AC09-08SR22470.; AC09-08SR22470
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Journal Volume: 103 Journal Issue: 20; Journal ID: ISSN 0175-7598
- Publisher:
- Springer Science + Business Media
- Country of Publication:
- Germany
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; bioprocess; in situ monitoring; cyclic voltammetry; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; microbial fuel cell; bioelectrosynthesis
Citation Formats
Turick, Charles E., Shimpalee, Sirivatch, Satjaritanun, Pongsarun, Weidner, John, and Greenway, Scott. Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives. Germany: N. p., 2019.
Web. doi:10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y.
Turick, Charles E., Shimpalee, Sirivatch, Satjaritanun, Pongsarun, Weidner, John, & Greenway, Scott. Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives. Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y
Turick, Charles E., Shimpalee, Sirivatch, Satjaritanun, Pongsarun, Weidner, John, and Greenway, Scott. Wed .
"Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives". Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y.
@article{osti_1619312,
title = {Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives},
author = {Turick, Charles E. and Shimpalee, Sirivatch and Satjaritanun, Pongsarun and Weidner, John and Greenway, Scott},
abstractNote = {Real-time electrochemical monitoring in bioprocesses is an improvement over existing systems because it is versatile and provides more information to the user than periodic measurements of cell density or metabolic activity. Real-time electrochemical monitoring provides the ability to monitor the physiological status of actively growing cells related to electron transfer activity and potential changes in the proton gradient of the cells. Voltammetric and amperometric techniques offer opportunities to monitor electron transfer reactions when electrogenic microbes are used in microbial fuel cells or bioelectrochemical synthesis. Impedance techniques provide the ability to monitor the physiological status of a wide range of microorganisms in conventional bioprocesses. Impedance techniques involve scanning a range of frequencies to define physiological activity in terms of equivalent electrical circuits, thereby enabling the use of computer modeling to evaluate specific growth parameters. Electrochemical monitoring of microbial activity has applications throughout the biotechnology industry for generating real-time data and offers the potential for automated process controls for specific bioprocesses.},
doi = {10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y},
journal = {Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology},
number = 20,
volume = 103,
place = {Germany},
year = {2019},
month = {8}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journalFigures / Tables:
Figure 1: Changing paradigm from microbes as chemical catalysts to microbes as complex electrochemical entities. Since microbes are responsible for electron flow during catalytic activity, monitoring electron flow offers realtime data related to bioprocess status. With electrochemical techniques, microbial activity can be monitored continuously and inexpensively in realtime. Potential disruptionsmore »
All figures and tables
(5 total)
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Development and Long-Term Stability of a Novel Microbial Fuel Cell BOD Sensor with MnO2 Catalyst
journal, January 2017
- Kharkwal, Shailesh; Tan, Yi; Lu, Min
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 18, Issue 2
Applications of Emerging Bioelectrochemical Technologies in Agricultural Systems: A Current Review
journal, October 2018
- Li, Simeng; Chen, Gang; Anandhi, Aavudai
- Energies, Vol. 11, Issue 11
In-situ electrochemical analysis of microbial activity
journal, October 2018
- Martin, Ariane L.; Satjaritanun, Pongsarun; Shimpalee, Sirivatch
- AMB Express, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Estimating the biotech sector's contribution to the US economy
journal, March 2016
- Carlson, Robert
- Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 34, Issue 3
Sensors for disposable bioreactors
journal, August 2017
- Busse, Christoph; Biechele, Philipp; de Vries, Ingo
- Engineering in Life Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue 8
Novel permittivity test for determination of yeast surface charge and flocculation abilities
journal, September 2012
- Kregiel, Dorota; Berlowska, Joanna; Szubzda, Bronisław
- Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, Vol. 39, Issue 12
Dielectric measurement of cell death
journal, December 2008
- Patel, Pareshkumar; Markx, Gerard H.
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 7
Recent Advances in Biosensor Technology for Potential Applications – An Overview
journal, February 2016
- Vigneshvar, S.; Sudhakumari, C. C.; Senthilkumaran, Balasubramanian
- Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Vol. 4
On-line Measurements and Control of Viable Cell Density in Cell Culture Manufacturing Processes using Radio-frequency Impedance
journal, March 2006
- Carvell, John P.; Dowd, Jason E.
- Cytotechnology, Vol. 50, Issue 1-3
Recent developments in electrochemical sensor application and technology—a review
journal, January 2009
- Guth, Ulrich; Vonau, Winfried; Zosel, Jens
- Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 20, Issue 4
A 90-liter stackable baffled microbial fuel cell for brewery wastewater treatment based on energy self-sufficient mode
journal, November 2015
- Dong, Yue; Qu, Youpeng; He, Weihua
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 195
Complex Dielectric Properties of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Suspensions
journal, July 2013
- Zhang, Chi; Slater, Lee; Prodan, Camelia
- Geomicrobiology Journal, Vol. 30, Issue 6
Quantitative Comparison of the Signals of an Electrochemical Bioactivity Sensor During the Cultivation of Different Microorganisms
journal, May 2006
- Holtmann, Dirk; Schrader, Jens; Sell, Dieter
- Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 28, Issue 12
Electricity generation by thermophilic microorganisms from marine sediment
journal, December 2007
- Mathis, B. J.; Marshall, C. W.; Milliken, C. E.
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 78, Issue 1
Electrochemical biosensors: recommended definitions and classification1International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry: Physical Chemistry Division, Commission I.7 (Biophysical Chemistry); Analytical Chemistry Division, Commission V.5 (Electroanalytical Chemistry).1
journal, January 2001
- Thévenot, Daniel R.; Toth, Klara; Durst, Richard A.
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 16, Issue 1-2
Humic substances as electron acceptors for microbial respiration
journal, August 1996
- Lovley, Derek R.; Coates, John D.; Blunt-Harris, Elizabeth L.
- Nature, Vol. 382, Issue 6590
Assessment of Microbial Fuel Cell Configurations and Power Densities
journal, July 2015
- Logan, Bruce E.; Wallack, Maxwell J.; Kim, Kyoung-Yeol
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 8
Novel electrochemical sensor system for monitoring metabolic activity during the growth and cultivation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
journal, September 2005
- Pescheck, M.; Schrader, J.; Sell, D.
- Bioelectrochemistry, Vol. 67, Issue 1
Sustainable Bioelectrosynthesis of the Bioplastic Polyhydroxybutyrate: Overcoming Substrate Requirement for NADH Regeneration
journal, February 2018
- Alkotaini, Bassam; Abdellaoui, Sofiene; Hasan, Kamrul
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 4
Microbial desalination cells for energy production and desalination
journal, January 2013
- Kim, Younggy; Logan, Bruce E.
- Desalination, Vol. 308
Linking Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) and Subsurface Microbial Processes: Results from Sand Column Incubation Experiments
journal, January 2018
- Mellage, Adrian; Smeaton, Christina M.; Furman, Alex
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 4
A Comprehensive Review of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Other Methods in the Assessment of Nutritional Status in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis
journal, January 2017
- Cichoż-Lach, Halina; Michalak, Agata
- Gastroenterology Research and Practice, Vol. 2017
A Novel Application for Low Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as an Online Process Monitoring Tool for Viable Cell Concentrations
journal, November 2016
- Slouka, Christoph; Wurm, David; Brunauer, Georg
- Sensors, Vol. 16, Issue 11
Pee power urinal – microbial fuel cell technology field trials in the context of sanitation
journal, January 2016
- Ieropoulos, Ioannis Andrea; Stinchcombe, Andrew; Gajda, Iwona
- Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology, Vol. 2, Issue 2
Effects of microbial processes on electrolytic and interfacial electrical properties of unconsolidated sediments: BACTERIA IMPACTS GEOPHYSICAL SIGNATURES
journal, June 2004
- Abdel Aal, Gamal Z.; Atekwana, Estella A.; Slater, Lee D.
- Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 12
Bacteria and yeasts as catalysts in microbial fuel cells: electron transfer from micro-organisms to electrodes for green electricity
journal, January 2008
- Schaetzle, Olivier; Barrière, Frédéric; Baronian, Keith
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 1, Issue 6
Hydrodynamic chronoamperometry for probing kinetics of anaerobic microbial metabolism – case study of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
journal, July 2015
- Prévoteau, Antonin; Geirnaert, Annelies; Arends, Jan B. A.
- Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1
Practical Energy Harvesting for Microbial Fuel Cells: A Review
journal, February 2015
- Wang, Heming; Park, Jae-Do; Ren, Zhiyong Jason
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 49, Issue 6
Sustained generation of electricity by the spore-forming, Gram-positive, Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain DCB2
journal, October 2006
- Milliken, C. E.; May, H. D.
- Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Vol. 73, Issue 5
Electromicrobiology: realities, grand challenges, goals and predictions
journal, August 2016
- Nealson, Kenneth H.; Rowe, Annette R.
- Microbial Biotechnology, Vol. 9, Issue 5
Impedance spectroscopy as a tool for non-intrusive detection of extracellular mediators in microbial fuel cells
journal, December 2009
- Ramasamy, Ramaraja P.; Gadhamshetty, Venkataramana; Nadeau, Lloyd J.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 104, Issue 5
Microbial electron transport and energy conservation – the foundation for optimizing bioelectrochemical systems
journal, June 2015
- Kracke, Frauke; Vassilev, Igor; Krömer, Jens O.
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 6
Electrochemical reactions with protonations at equilibrium
journal, April 1983
- Laviron, E.
- Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol. 146, Issue 1
Real surface area measurements in electrochemistry
journal, June 1992
- Trasatti, S.; Petrii, O. A.
- Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Vol. 327, Issue 1-2
The role of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase in enhancement of solid-phase electron transfer by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1: 4-HPPD enhances solid-phase electron transfer
journal, May 2009
- Turick, Charles E.; Beliaev, Alex S.; Zakrajsek, Brian A.
- FEMS Microbiology Ecology, Vol. 68, Issue 2
Microbial fuel cells: An overview of current technology
journal, March 2019
- Slate, Anthony J.; Whitehead, Kathryn A.; Brownson, Dale A. C.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 101
Binding and direct electrochemistry of OmcA, an outer-membrane cytochrome from an iron reducing bacterium, with oxide electrodes: A candidate biofuel cell system
journal, February 2008
- Eggleston, Carrick M.; Vörös, Janos; Shi, Liang
- Inorganica Chimica Acta, Vol. 361, Issue 3
Real-time monitoring of subsurface microbial metabolism with graphite electrodes
journal, November 2014
- Wardman, Colin; Nevin, Kelly P.; Lovley, Derek R.
- Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 5
Electromicrobiology
journal, October 2012
- Lovley, Derek R.
- Annual Review of Microbiology, Vol. 66, Issue 1
Biosensors: Their Fundamentals, Designs, Types and Most Recent Impactful Applications: A Review
journal, January 2017
- Ali, Jazib; Najeeb, Jawayria; Asim Ali, Muhammad
- Journal of Biosensors & Bioelectronics, Vol. 08, Issue 01
Shewanella secretes flavins that mediate extracellular electron transfer
journal, March 2008
- Marsili, E.; Baron, D. B.; Shikhare, I. D.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 10
Microbial Fuels Cell-Based Biosensor for Toxicity Detection: A Review
journal, September 2017
- Zhou, Tuoyu; Han, Huawen; Liu, Pu
- Sensors, Vol. 17, Issue 10
Impedimetric biosensors
journal, January 2004
- Guan, Jian-Guo; Miao, Yu-Qing; Zhang, Qing-Jie
- Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Vol. 97, Issue 4
Simultaneous analysis of physiological and electrical output changes in an operating microbial fuel cell with Shewanella oneidensis
journal, June 2009
- Biffinger, Justin C.; Ray, Ricky; Little, Brenda J.
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Vol. 103, Issue 3
A cost-effective and field-ready potentiostat that poises subsurface electrodes to monitor bacterial respiration
journal, February 2012
- Friedman, Elliot S.; Rosenbaum, Miriam A.; Lee, Alexander W.
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 32, Issue 1
Universal Capacitance Model for Real-Time Biomass in Cell Culture
journal, September 2015
- Konakovsky, Viktor; Yagtu, Ali; Clemens, Christoph
- Sensors, Vol. 15, Issue 9
Evaluation of electrochemical impedance with constant phase angle component from the galvanostatic step response of steel in concrete
journal, May 1996
- Sagüés, Alberto A.; Kranc, S. C.; Moreno, Eric I.
- Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 41, Issue 7-8
Modelling real-time simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass and organic acid accumulation using dielectric spectroscopy
journal, October 2011
- Bryant, David N.; Morris, Stephen M.; Leemans, David
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 102, Issue 20
A novel biomonitoring system using microbial fuel cells
journal, January 2007
- Kim, Mia; Sik Hyun, Moon; Gadd, Geoffrey M.
- Journal of Environmental Monitoring, Vol. 9, Issue 12
A Basic Tutorial on Cyclic Voltammetry for the Investigation of Electroactive Microbial Biofilms
journal, January 2012
- Harnisch, Falk; Freguia, Stefano
- Chemistry - An Asian Journal, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Microbial fuel cell is emerging as a versatile technology: a review on its possible applications, challenges and strategies to improve the performances: Microbial fuel cell is emerging as a versatile technology
journal, June 2017
- Kumar, Ravinder; Singh, Lakhveer; Zularisam, A. W.
- International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Challenges of Microbial Fuel Cell Architecture on Heavy Metal Recovery and Removal From Wastewater
journal, January 2019
- Ezziat, Loubna; Elabed, Alae; Ibnsouda, Saad
- Frontiers in Energy Research, Vol. 7
Dielectric spectroscopy as a viable biosensing tool for cell and tissue characterization and analysis
journal, November 2013
- Heileman, Khalil; Daoud, Jamal; Tabrizian, Maryam
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 49
Nitrate reduction with biotic and abiotic cathodes at various cell voltages in bioelectrochemical denitrification system
journal, July 2012
- Kondaveeti, Sanath; Min, Booki
- Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, Vol. 36, Issue 2
Insights into the applicability of microbial fuel cells in wastewater treatment plants for a sustainable generation of electricity
journal, November 2017
- Krieg, Thomas; Mayer, Florian; Sell, Dieter
- Environmental Technology, Vol. 40, Issue 9
Dielectric monitoring of growth and sporulation of Bacillus thuringiensis
journal, April 2005
- Sarrafzadeh, M. H.; Belloy, L.; Esteban, G.
- Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 7
Lactic Acid Bacteria Biomass Monitoring in Highly Conductive Media by Permittivity Measurements
journal, October 2005
- Arnoux, A. S.; Preziosi-Belloy, L.; Esteban, G.
- Biotechnology Letters, Vol. 27, Issue 20
Geophysical Monitoring of Coupled Microbial and Geochemical Processes During Stimulated Subsurface Bioremediation
journal, September 2009
- Williams, Kenneth H.; Kemna, Andreas; Wilkins, Michael J.
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 43, Issue 17
Polyelectrolyte-Based Sacrificial Protective Layer for Fouling Control in Reverse Osmosis Desalination
journal, August 2018
- Son, Moon; Yang, Wulin; Bucs, Szilard S.
- Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 9
Microbial fuel cells: From fundamentals to applications. A review
journal, July 2017
- Santoro, Carlo; Arbizzani, Catia; Erable, Benjamin
- Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 356
Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics II. Direct Current Characteristics
journal, February 1942
- Cole, Kenneth S.; Cole, Robert H.
- The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Impact of Ohmic Resistance on Measured Electrode Potentials and Maximum Power Production in Microbial Fuel Cells
journal, June 2018
- Logan, Bruce E.; Zikmund, Emily; Yang, Wulin
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 52, Issue 15
Low-Frequency Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Yeast Growth in Industrial Brewing Processes
journal, August 2017
- Slouka, Christoph; Brunauer, Georg; Kopp, Julian
- Chemosensors, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Enhancing Signal Output and Avoiding BOD/Toxicity Combined Shock Interference by Operating a Microbial Fuel Cell Sensor with an Optimized Background Concentration of Organic Matter
journal, August 2016
- Jiang, Yong; Liang, Peng; Liu, Panpan
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue 9
On the use of cyclic voltammetry for the study of anodic electron transfer in microbial fuel cells
journal, January 2008
- Fricke, Katja; Harnisch, Falk; Schröder, Uwe
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 1, Issue 1
An impedimetric biosensor for real-time monitoring of bacterial growth in a microbial fermentor
journal, April 2009
- Kim, Young-Hun; Park, Jae-Sung; Jung, Hyo-Il
- Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Vol. 138, Issue 1
Electrical Effects Accompanying the Decomposition of Organic Compounds
journal, September 1911
- Potter, M. C.
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 84, Issue 571
The dielectric properties of biological cells at radiofrequencies: applications in biotechnology
journal, August 1999
- Markx, Gerard H.; Davey, Christopher L.
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol. 25, Issue 3-5
Biosensors based on lithotrophic microbial fuel cells in relation to heterotrophic counterparts: research progress, challenges, and opportunities
journal, January 2018
- The Pham, Hai
- AIMS Microbiology, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Humic Substances as a Mediator for Microbially Catalyzed Metal Reduction
journal, May 1998
- Lovley, D. R.; Fraga, J. L.; Blunt-Harris, E. L.
- Acta hydrochimica et hydrobiologica, Vol. 26, Issue 3
Monitoring of bacteria growth using a wireless, remote query resonant-circuit sensor: application to environmental sensing
journal, June 2001
- Ong, K. G.; Wang, J.; Singh, R. S.
- Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Vol. 16, Issue 4-5
Challenges in the application of microbial fuel cells to wastewater treatment and energy production: A mini review
journal, October 2018
- Do, M. H.; Ngo, H. H.; Guo, W. S.
- Science of The Total Environment, Vol. 639
Microbial fuel cell-based biosensors for environmental monitoring: a review
journal, March 2015
- Sun, Jian-Zhong; Peter Kingori, Gakai; Si, Rong-Wei
- Water Science and Technology, Vol. 71, Issue 6
Utilization of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for monitoring pyrite oxidation in the presence and absence of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
journal, July 2011
- Liu, Yun; Dang, Zhi; Lu, Guining
- Minerals Engineering, Vol. 24, Issue 8
Bacterial Manganese Reduction and Growth with Manganese Oxide as the Sole Electron Acceptor
journal, June 1988
- Myers, C. R.; Nealson, K. H.
- Science, Vol. 240, Issue 4857
Recent Progress on the Development of Biofuel Cells for Self-Powered Electrochemical Biosensing and Logic Biosensing: A Review
journal, June 2015
- Zhou, Ming
- Electroanalysis, Vol. 27, Issue 8
Expanding the product spectrum of value added chemicals in microbial electrosynthesis through integrated process design—A review
journal, December 2018
- Jiang, Yong; Jianxiong Zeng, Raymond
- Bioresource Technology, Vol. 269
Biofuel Cells Select for Microbial Consortia That Self-Mediate Electron Transfer
journal, September 2004
- Rabaey, K.; Boon, N.; Siciliano, S. D.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 70, Issue 9
Electrode-Based Approach for Monitoring In Situ Microbial Activity During Subsurface Bioremediation
journal, January 2010
- Williams, Kenneth H.; Nevin, Kelly P.; Franks, Ashley
- Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Bio-sensors based on ion-selective electrodes
journal, January 1977
- Cammann, Karl
- Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie, Vol. 287, Issue 1
Melanin Production and Use as a Soluble Electron Shuttle for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction and as a Terminal Electron Acceptor by Shewanella algae BrY
journal, May 2002
- Turick, C. E.; Tisa, L. S.; Caccavo, F.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Vol. 68, Issue 5
On-Line, Real-Time Measurements of Cellular Biomass using Dielectric Spectroscopy
journal, August 2000
- Yardley, John E.; Kell, Douglas B.; Barrett, John
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, Vol. 17, Issue 1
Detection of microbial cells by cyclic voltammetry
journal, April 1984
- Matsunaga, Tadashi.; Namba, Yoichi.
- Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 56, Issue 4
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.