Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR

Huang, J.; Gong, X.; Garofalo, A. M.; Qian, J.; Chen, J.; Wu, M.; Li, M.; Yuan, Q.; Wang, L.; Pan, C.; Lin, X.; Yang, Q.; Ekedahl, A.; Maingi, R.; Holcomb, C. T.; Li, E.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, B.; Chang, J. F.; Zhang, X. J.; Goniche, M.; Peysson, Y.; Zhu, X.; Sun, Y.; Xu, G.; Zang, Q.; Zhang, L.; Liu, H.; Lyu, B.; Ding, R.; Ren, Q.; Ding, B.; Guo, W.; Ding, S.; Xiang, N.; Liang, Y.; Liu, F.; Zhao, Y.; Xiao, B.; Hu, J.; Hu, C.; Hu, L.; Gao, X.; Fu, P.; Song, Y.; Zhang, X. D.; Chan, V.; Li, J.; Wan, B.

doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab56a5

Title: Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR

Abstract

Recently, the first ever 100 s long, steady-state H-mode discharge with good control of impurities, core and edge MHD stabilities, and heat exhaust was demonstrated in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) using the ITER-like (International Tokamak Experimental Reactor) tungsten upper divertor. Using both radio frequency (RF) power and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating, EAST has demonstrated fully non-inductive scenarios with an extension of fusion performance at high density and low rotation: β _P ~ 2.5, β _N ~ 2.0, H_98,y2 ~ 1.2, bootstrap current fraction fBS ~50% at q₉₅~ 6.8. With pure RF power heating, plasmas have been maintained for up to 21 s (over 40 times the current relaxation time) with zero loop voltage and small edge localized modes (ELMs) at high density (n_e/n_GW ~ 0.6–0.8), β _P ~ 2.0, β _N ~ 1.6, and ƒ_BS ~47%. Experimental investigations show how plasma current profiles, turbulent transport and radiation properties self-consistently evolve toward fusion relevant steady state conditions. Modeling and physics experiments have confirmed the synergistic effects between electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and low hybrid wave (LHW), where ECH enhances the heating and current drive from LHW injection, enabling fully non-inductive operation at higher density. Small/no ELMs facilitate themore »« less

Authors:

^[1]; Gong, X.;

; Qian, J.;

;

; Yuan, Q.; Wang, L.;

; Lin, X.;

; Ekedahl, A.; Maingi, R.; Holcomb, C. T.;

;

; Zhang, B.; Chang, J. F.; Zhang, X. J. more »

Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Hefei (China); East Team. et al.

Publication Date:: 2019-12-05

Research Org.:: Princeton Plasma Physics Lab. (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Contributing Org.:: The EAST team; The East Team

OSTI Identifier:: 1619194

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1845204

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-830754
Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335; TRN: US2106844

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 62; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 0741-3335

Publisher:: IOP Science

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY

Citation Formats


                    Huang, J., Gong, X., Garofalo, A. M., Qian, J., Chen, J., Wu, M., Li, M., Yuan, Q., Wang, L., Pan, C., Lin, X., Yang, Q., Ekedahl, A., Maingi, R., Holcomb, C. T., Li, E., Zeng, L., Zhang, B., Chang, J. F., Zhang, X. J., Goniche, M., Peysson, Y., Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Xu, G., Zang, Q., Zhang, L., Liu, H., Lyu, B., Ding, R., Ren, Q., Ding, B., Guo, W., Ding, S., Xiang, N., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Xiao, B., Hu, J., Hu, C., Hu, L., Gao, X., Fu, P., Song, Y., Zhang, X. D., Chan, V., Li, J., and Wan, B. Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR.  United States: N. p., 2019. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-6587/ab56a5.

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                    Huang, J., Gong, X., Garofalo, A. M., Qian, J., Chen, J., Wu, M., Li, M., Yuan, Q., Wang, L., Pan, C., Lin, X., Yang, Q., Ekedahl, A., Maingi, R., Holcomb, C. T., Li, E., Zeng, L., Zhang, B., Chang, J. F., Zhang, X. J., Goniche, M., Peysson, Y., Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Xu, G., Zang, Q., Zhang, L., Liu, H., Lyu, B., Ding, R., Ren, Q., Ding, B., Guo, W., Ding, S., Xiang, N., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Xiao, B., Hu, J., Hu, C., Hu, L., Gao, X., Fu, P., Song, Y., Zhang, X. D., Chan, V., Li, J., & Wan, B. Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab56a5

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                    Huang, J., Gong, X., Garofalo, A. M., Qian, J., Chen, J., Wu, M., Li, M., Yuan, Q., Wang, L., Pan, C., Lin, X., Yang, Q., Ekedahl, A., Maingi, R., Holcomb, C. T., Li, E., Zeng, L., Zhang, B., Chang, J. F., Zhang, X. J., Goniche, M., Peysson, Y., Zhu, X., Sun, Y., Xu, G., Zang, Q., Zhang, L., Liu, H., Lyu, B., Ding, R., Ren, Q., Ding, B., Guo, W., Ding, S., Xiang, N., Liang, Y., Liu, F., Zhao, Y., Xiao, B., Hu, J., Hu, C., Hu, L., Gao, X., Fu, P., Song, Y., Zhang, X. D., Chan, V., Li, J., and Wan, B. Thu .  
"Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab56a5.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1619194.

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@article{osti_1619194,

  title        = {Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR},

  author       = {Huang, J. and Gong, X. and Garofalo, A. M. and Qian, J. and Chen, J. and Wu, M. and Li, M. and Yuan, Q. and Wang, L. and Pan, C. and Lin, X. and Yang, Q. and Ekedahl, A. and Maingi, R. and Holcomb, C. T. and Li, E. and Zeng, L. and Zhang, B. and Chang, J. F. and Zhang, X. J. and Goniche, M. and Peysson, Y. and Zhu, X. and Sun, Y. and Xu, G. and Zang, Q. and Zhang, L. and Liu, H. and Lyu, B. and Ding, R. and Ren, Q. and Ding, B. and Guo, W. and Ding, S. and Xiang, N. and Liang, Y. and Liu, F. and Zhao, Y. and Xiao, B. and Hu, J. and Hu, C. and Hu, L. and Gao, X. and Fu, P. and Song, Y. and Zhang, X. D. and Chan, V. and Li, J. and Wan, B.},

  abstractNote = {Recently, the first ever 100 s long, steady-state H-mode discharge with good control of impurities, core and edge MHD stabilities, and heat exhaust was demonstrated in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) using the ITER-like (International Tokamak Experimental Reactor) tungsten upper divertor. Using both radio frequency (RF) power and neutral beam injection (NBI) heating, EAST has demonstrated fully non-inductive scenarios with an extension of fusion performance at high density and low rotation: β P ~ 2.5, β N ~ 2.0, H98,y2 ~ 1.2, bootstrap current fraction fBS ~50% at q95~ 6.8. With pure RF power heating, plasmas have been maintained for up to 21 s (over 40 times the current relaxation time) with zero loop voltage and small edge localized modes (ELMs) at high density (ne/nGW ~ 0.6–0.8), β P ~ 2.0, β N ~ 1.6, and ƒBS ~47%. Experimental investigations show how plasma current profiles, turbulent transport and radiation properties self-consistently evolve toward fusion relevant steady state conditions. Modeling and physics experiments have confirmed the synergistic effects between electron cyclotron heating (ECH) and low hybrid wave (LHW), where ECH enhances the heating and current drive from LHW injection, enabling fully non-inductive operation at higher density. Small/no ELMs facilitate the RF power coupling in the H-mode phase and reduce divertor erosion. A low tungsten concentration was observed at high β P with a hollow profile in the core. Reduction of the peak divertor heat flux with f rad of up to 40% was compatible with the high β P scenario by using active radiation feedback control. With features such as dominant electron heating, zero/low NBI torque and an ITER-like tungsten divertor, fully non-inductive high-performance experiments on EAST offer unique contributions towards the succesful operation of ITER and CFETR (the Chinese Fusion Engineering Testing Reactor).},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-6587/ab56a5},

  journal      = {Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion},

  number       = 1,

  volume       = 62,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2019},

  month        = {12}

}

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Advances in physics understanding of high poloidal beta regime toward steady-state operation of CFETR

Journal Article Qian, J. P. ; Garofalo, A. M. ; Gong, X. Z. ; ... - Physics of Plasmas

Experimental and modeling investigations of the high βp scenarios on the DIII-D and EAST tokamaks show advantages in high energy confinement, avoidance of n = 1 MHD, and core-edge integration with reduced heat flux, making this scenario an attractive option for CFETR steady-state operation. Experiments show that plasmas with high confinement and high density can be achieved with neutral beam injection on DIII-D (β_p ~ 2.2, β_N ~ 3.5, f_BS ~ 50%, f_Gw ~ 1.0, H_98y2 ~ 1.5) and pure RF power on EAST (β_P ~ 2.0, β_N ~ 1.6, f_BS ~ 50%, f_Gw ~ 0.8, H_98y2 > 1.3). Bymore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0032490

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Title: Progress of physics understanding for long pulse high-performance plasmas on EAST towards the steady-state operation of ITER and CFETR

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A dimensionless criterion for characterizing internal transport barriers in JET journal, May 2002

Promising High-Confinement Regime for Steady-State Fusion journal, June 2019

Stationary, high bootstrap fraction plasmas in DIII-D without inductive current control journal, May 2005

DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors journal, June 2019

Beta limits in long-pulse tokamak discharges journal, May 1997

Neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current formulas for general axisymmetric equilibria and arbitrary collisionality regime journal, July 1999

Non-inductively current driven H mode with high beta N and high beta p values in JT-60U journal, December 1994

Absorption of lower hybrid waves in the scrape off layer of a diverted tokamak journal, August 2010

Progress of the CFETR design journal, June 2019

A Fusion Nuclear Science Facility for a fast-track path to DEMO journal, October 2014

Lower hybrid current drive experiments with different launched wave frequencies in the EAST tokamak journal, October 2016

Current drive at plasma densities required for thermonuclear reactors journal, August 2010

Development of high poloidal beta, steady-state scenario with ITER-like tungsten divertor on EAST journal, June 2017

Progress toward steady-state tokamak operation exploiting the high bootstrap current fraction regime journal, June 2016

Frequency spectral broadening of lower hybrid waves in tokamak plasmas-causes and effects journal, April 1994

Predictions of the near edge transport shortfall in DIII-D L-mode plasmas using the trapped gyro-Landau-fluid model journal, January 2015

Internal transport barriers: critical physics issues? journal, April 2006

SOL effects on the pedestal structure in DIII-D discharges journal, May 2017

Transport modeling of the DIII-D high ${{\beta}_{p}}$ scenario and extrapolations to ITER steady-state operation journal, August 2017

Improved high-performance fully non-inductive discharge by optimizing the fast-ion confinement on EAST journal, October 2019

Integrated plasma control for long pulse advanced plasma discharges on EAST journal, March 2018

Numerical study of the synergy effects of electron cyclotron wave and two lower-hybrid waves in the current drive process journal, August 2017

Frequency Scaling of the Lower-Hybrid-Current-Drive Density Limit in Tokamak Plasmas journal, August 1985

Current status and upgrade activities on the guard limiter of 4.6 GHz lower hybrid antennas for EAST tokamak journal, December 2017

Internal transport barriers in tokamak plasmas* journal, November 2002

Influence of Li conditioning on Lower Hybrid Current Drive efficiency in H-mode and L- mode plasmas on EAST journal, January 2017

Compatibility of internal transport barrier with steady-state operation in the high bootstrap fraction regime on DIII-D journal, November 2015

Joint DIII-D/EAST research on the development of a high poloidal beta scenario for the steady state missions of ITER and CFETR journal, November 2017

Chapter 6: Steady state operation journal, June 2007

Self-consistent modeling of CFETR baseline scenarios for steady-state operation journal, May 2017

Transport barriers in bootstrap-driven tokamaks journal, May 2018

Fast-ion transport in qmin>2, high- β steady-state scenarios on DIII-Da) journal, May 2015

Turbulent energy exchange: Calculation and relevance for profile prediction journal, August 2013

Recent advances in EAST physics experiments in support of steady-state operation for ITER and CFETR journal, June 2019

Overview of the present progress and activities on the CFETR journal, June 2017

Integrated operation of steady-state long-pulse H-mode in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak journal, July 2019

Development of reversed shear plasmas with high bootstrap current fraction towards reactor relevant regime in JT-60U journal, August 2009

Overview of KSTAR research progress and future plans toward ITER and K-DEMO journal, July 2019

Scenario development for high β p low torque plasma with q min above 2 and large-radius internal transport barrier in DIII-D journal, September 2016

Investigation of energy transport in DIII-D High- β P EAST-demonstration discharges with the TGLF turbulent and NEO neoclassical transport models journal, January 2017

Advances in the high bootstrap fraction regime on DIII-D towards the Q = 5 mission of ITER steady state journal, March 2017

Integrated modeling applications for tokamak experiments with OMFIT journal, July 2015

Experimental investigation on spectral broadening of lower hybrid waves with different frequencies in the EAST long-pulse plasmas journal, April 2019

Correlation between the onset of parametric instability of lower hybrid waves and modification in edge plasma current profile on EAST journal, September 2018

Investigations of LHW-plasma coupling and current drive at high density related to H-mode experiments in EAST journal, August 2015

Analysis of performance degradation in an electron heating dominant H-mode plasma after ECRH termination in EAST journal, April 2018

Theoretical analysis of key factors achieving reversed magnetic shear q -profiles sustained with lower hybrid waves on EAST journal, February 2019

EAST equilibrium current profile reconstruction using polarimeter-interferometer internal measurement constraints journal, December 2016

Modeling and advances in the high bootstrap fraction regime on EAST towards the steady-state operation journal, August 2019

Transport simulation of EAST long-pulse H-mode discharge with integrated modeling journal, February 2018

Achievement of radiative feedback control for long-pulse operation on EAST journal, March 2018

A dimensionless criterion for characterizing internal transport barriers in JET
journal, May 2002

Promising High-Confinement Regime for Steady-State Fusion
journal, June 2019

Stationary, high bootstrap fraction plasmas in DIII-D without inductive current control
journal, May 2005

DIII-D research towards establishing the scientific basis for future fusion reactors
journal, June 2019

Beta limits in long-pulse tokamak discharges
journal, May 1997

Neoclassical conductivity and bootstrap current formulas for general axisymmetric equilibria and arbitrary collisionality regime
journal, July 1999

Non-inductively current driven H mode with high beta _N and high beta _p values in JT-60U
journal, December 1994

Absorption of lower hybrid waves in the scrape off layer of a diverted tokamak
journal, August 2010

Progress of the CFETR design
journal, June 2019

A Fusion Nuclear Science Facility for a fast-track path to DEMO
journal, October 2014

Lower hybrid current drive experiments with different launched wave frequencies in the EAST tokamak
journal, October 2016

Current drive at plasma densities required for thermonuclear reactors
journal, August 2010

Development of high poloidal beta, steady-state scenario with ITER-like tungsten divertor on EAST
journal, June 2017

Progress toward steady-state tokamak operation exploiting the high bootstrap current fraction regime
journal, June 2016

Frequency spectral broadening of lower hybrid waves in tokamak plasmas-causes and effects
journal, April 1994

Predictions of the near edge transport shortfall in DIII-D L-mode plasmas using the trapped gyro-Landau-fluid model
journal, January 2015

Internal transport barriers: critical physics issues?
journal, April 2006

SOL effects on the pedestal structure in DIII-D discharges
journal, May 2017

Transport modeling of the DIII-D high ${{\beta}_{p}}$ scenario and extrapolations to ITER steady-state operation
journal, August 2017

Improved high-performance fully non-inductive discharge by optimizing the fast-ion confinement on EAST
journal, October 2019

Integrated plasma control for long pulse advanced plasma discharges on EAST
journal, March 2018

Numerical study of the synergy effects of electron cyclotron wave and two lower-hybrid waves in the current drive process
journal, August 2017

Frequency Scaling of the Lower-Hybrid-Current-Drive Density Limit in Tokamak Plasmas
journal, August 1985

Current status and upgrade activities on the guard limiter of 4.6 GHz lower hybrid antennas for EAST tokamak
journal, December 2017

Internal transport barriers in tokamak plasmas*
journal, November 2002

Influence of Li conditioning on Lower Hybrid Current Drive efficiency in H-mode and L- mode plasmas on EAST
journal, January 2017

Compatibility of internal transport barrier with steady-state operation in the high bootstrap fraction regime on DIII-D
journal, November 2015

Joint DIII-D/EAST research on the development of a high poloidal beta scenario for the steady state missions of ITER and CFETR
journal, November 2017

Chapter 6: Steady state operation
journal, June 2007

Self-consistent modeling of CFETR baseline scenarios for steady-state operation
journal, May 2017

Transport barriers in bootstrap-driven tokamaks
journal, May 2018

Fast-ion transport in qmin>2, high- β steady-state scenarios on DIII-Da)
journal, May 2015

Turbulent energy exchange: Calculation and relevance for profile prediction
journal, August 2013

Recent advances in EAST physics experiments in support of steady-state operation for ITER and CFETR
journal, June 2019

Overview of the present progress and activities on the CFETR
journal, June 2017

Integrated operation of steady-state long-pulse H-mode in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak
journal, July 2019

Development of reversed shear plasmas with high bootstrap current fraction towards reactor relevant regime in JT-60U
journal, August 2009

Overview of KSTAR research progress and future plans toward ITER and K-DEMO
journal, July 2019

Scenario development for high β _p low torque plasma with q _min above 2 and large-radius internal transport barrier in DIII-D
journal, September 2016

Investigation of energy transport in DIII-D High- β _P EAST-demonstration discharges with the TGLF turbulent and NEO neoclassical transport models
journal, January 2017

Advances in the high bootstrap fraction regime on DIII-D towards the Q = 5 mission of ITER steady state
journal, March 2017

Integrated modeling applications for tokamak experiments with OMFIT
journal, July 2015

Experimental investigation on spectral broadening of lower hybrid waves with different frequencies in the EAST long-pulse plasmas
journal, April 2019

Correlation between the onset of parametric instability of lower hybrid waves and modification in edge plasma current profile on EAST
journal, September 2018

Investigations of LHW-plasma coupling and current drive at high density related to H-mode experiments in EAST
journal, August 2015

Analysis of performance degradation in an electron heating dominant H-mode plasma after ECRH termination in EAST
journal, April 2018

Theoretical analysis of key factors achieving reversed magnetic shear q -profiles sustained with lower hybrid waves on EAST
journal, February 2019

EAST equilibrium current profile reconstruction using polarimeter-interferometer internal measurement constraints
journal, December 2016

Modeling and advances in the high bootstrap fraction regime on EAST towards the steady-state operation
journal, August 2019

Transport simulation of EAST long-pulse H-mode discharge with integrated modeling
journal, February 2018

Achievement of radiative feedback control for long-pulse operation on EAST
journal, March 2018