Genome mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling domestication traits of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

Larson, Steve; DeHaan, Lee; Poland, Jesse; Zhang, Xiaofei; Dorn, Kevin; Kantarski, Traci; Anderson, James; Schmutz, Jeremy; Grimwood, Jane; Jenkins, Jerry; Shu, Shengqiang; Crain, Jared; Robbins, Matthew; Jensen, Kevin

doi:10.1007/s00122-019-03357-6

Title: Genome mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling domestication traits of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

Journal Article · 06 June 2019 · Theoretical and Applied Genetics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-019-03357-6 · OSTI ID:1619125

^[1];

^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[3];

^[5];

^[6];

^[7];

^[8];

^[9];

^[3];

^[1];

^[1]

Utah State Univ., Logan, UT (United States)
The Land Inst., Salina, KS (United States)
Kansas State Univ., Manhattan, KS (United States)
North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC (United States)
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, MD (United States)
Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States); HudsonAlpha Inst. for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
HudsonAlpha Inst. for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL (United States)
USDOE Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Walnut Creek, CA (United States)

Allohexaploid (2n = 6x = 42) intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium), abbreviated IWG, is an outcrossing perennial grass belonging to the tertiary gene pool of wheat. Perenniality would be valuable option for grain production, but attempts to introgress this complex trait from wheat-Thinopyrum hybrids have not been commercially successful. Efforts to breed IWG itself as a dual-purpose forage and grain crop have demonstrated useful progress and applications, but grain yields are significantly less than wheat. Therefore, genetic and physical maps have been developed to accelerate domestication of IWG. Herein, these maps were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes associated with IWG grain production traits in a family of 266 full-sib progenies derived from two heterozygous parents, M26 and M35. Transgressive segregation was observed for 17 traits related to seed size, shattering, threshing, inflorescence capacity, fertility, stem size, and flowering time. A total of 111 QTLs were detected in 36 different regions using 3826 genotype-by-sequence markers in 21 linkage groups. The most prominent QTL had a LOD score of 15 with synergistic effects of 29% and 22% over the family means for seed retention and percentage of naked seeds, respectively. Many QTLs aligned with one or more IWG gene models corresponding to 42 possible domestication orthogenes including the wheat Q and RHT genes. A cluster of seed-size and fertility QTLs showed possible alignment to a putative Z self-incompatibility gene, which could have detrimental grain-yield effects when genetic variability is low. Finally, these findings elucidate pathways and possible hurdles in the domestication of IWG.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDA

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 2017-67012-26129

OSTI ID:: 1619125

Journal Information:: Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 132, Issue 8; ISSN 0040-5752

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (133)

Genetic characterisation of seed yield and fertility traits in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Studer, Bruno; Jensen, Louise Bach; Hentrup, Stephan Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 117, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-008-0819-y	journal	June 2008
Control of flowering time in temperate cereals: genes, domestication, and sustainable productivity Cockram, J.; Jones, H.; Leigh, F. J. Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 58, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erm042	journal	March 2007
Registration of Oahe Intermediate Wheatgrass ¹ (Reg. No. 5) Ross, J. G. Crop Science, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1963.0011183X000300040046x	journal	July 1963
Comparative RFLP mapping of Triticum monococcum genes controlling vernalization requirement Dubcovsky, J.; Lijavetzky, D.; Appendino, L. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 97, Issue 5-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220050978	journal	October 1998
Establishment and Optimization of Genomic Selection to Accelerate the Domestication and Improvement of Intermediate Wheatgrass Zhang, Xiaofei; Sallam, Ahmad; Gao, Liangliang The Plant Genome, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2015.07.0059	journal	March 2016
Global Selection on Sucrose Synthase Haplotypes during a Century of Wheat Breeding Hou, Jian; Jiang, Qiyan; Hao, Chenyang Plant Physiology, Vol. 164, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.232454	journal	January 2014
CLUSTERED PRIMARY BRANCH 1 , a new allele of DWARF11 , controls panicle architecture and seed size in rice Wu, Yongzhen; Fu, Yongcai; Zhao, Shuangshuang Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12391	journal	April 2015
Epigenetic chromatin modifiers in barley: IV. The study of barley Polycomb group (PcG) genes during seed development and in response to external ABA Kapazoglou, Aliki; Tondelli, Alessandro; Papaefthimiou, Dimitra BMC Plant Biology, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2229-10-73	journal	January 2010
Pleiotropic effects of the semi-dwarfing gene uzu in barley Chen, Guangdeng; Li, Haobing; Wei, Yuming Euphytica, Vol. 209, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-016-1668-4	journal	March 2016
Adaptation of Perennial Triticeae to the Eastern Central Great Plains Vogel, Kenneth P.; Jensen, Kevin J. Journal of Range Management, Vol. 54, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.2307/4003670	journal	November 2001
Control of rice grain-filling and yield by a gene with a potential signature of domestication Wang, Ertao; Wang, Jianjun; Zhu, Xudong Nature Genetics, Vol. 40, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.220	journal	September 2008
Agronomic and genetic diversity in intermediate wheatgrass ( Thinopyrum intermedium ) Jensen, Kevin B.; Yan, Xuebing; Larson, Steve R. Plant Breeding, Vol. 135, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbr.12420	journal	October 2016
Auxin signaling modules regulate maize inflorescence architecture Galli, Mary; Liu, Qiujie; Moss, Britney L. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 43 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1516473112	journal	October 2015
Structural characterization of proteins in wheat flour doughs enriched with intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) flour Marti, Alessandra; Bock, Jayne E.; Pagani, Maria Ambrogina Food Chemistry, Vol. 194 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.082	journal	March 2016
SmartGrain : High-Throughput Phenotyping Software for Measuring Seed Shape through Image Analysis Tanabata, Takanari; Shibaya, Taeko; Hori, Kiyosumi Plant Physiology, Vol. 160, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.112.205120	journal	October 2012
Fine mapping and syntenic integration of the semi-dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley Vu, G. T. H.; Wicker, T.; Buchmann, J. P. Springer https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-43504	text	January 2010
Registration of Montana‐2 Perennial ✕ Agrotriticum Intermediodurum Khizhnyak Schulz‐Schaeffer, Jurgen; Haller, Suzanne E. Crop Science, Vol. 27, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1987.0011183X002700040058x	journal	July 1987
Setting conservation priorities for crop wild relatives in the Fertile Crescent Zair, Wathek; Maxted, Nigel; Amri, Ahmed Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol. 65, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-017-0576-3	journal	November 2017
Inheritance of the Triple-spikelet Character in a Tibetan Landrace of Common Wheat Yang, Wu-Yun; Lu, Bao-Rong; Hu, Xiao-Rong Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, Vol. 52, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-003-6089-2	journal	November 2005
Molecular characterization of the allelic variation at the VRN-H2 vernalization locus in barley Dubcovsky, Jorge; Chen, Chialing; Yan, Liuling Molecular Breeding, Vol. 15, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11032-005-0084-6	journal	May 2005
The Evolution of CONSTANS -Like Gene Families in Barley, Rice, and Arabidopsis Griffiths, Simon; Dunford, Roy P.; Coupland, George Plant Physiology, Vol. 131, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.102.016188	journal	March 2003
Soil and Water Quality Rapidly Responds to the Perennial Grain Kernza Wheatgrass Culman, Steve W.; Snapp, Sieglinde S.; Ollenburger, Mary Agronomy Journal, Vol. 105, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2012.0273	journal	May 2013
Down-regulation of glucan, water-dikinase activity in wheat endosperm increases vegetative biomass and yield Ral, Jean-Philippe; Bowerman, Andrew F.; Li, Zhongyi Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12046	journal	January 2013
Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST: a new generation of protein database search programs Altschul, Stephen F.; Madden, Thomas L.; Schäffer, Alejandro A. Nucleic Acids Research, Vol. 25, Issue 17, p. 3389-3402 https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/25.17.3389	journal	September 1997
Genetic Analysis of Kernel Traits in Maize-Teosinte Introgression Populations Liu, Zhengbin; Garcia, Arturo; McMullen, Michael D. G3: Genes\|Genomes\|Genetics, Vol. 6, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1534/g3.116.030155	journal	June 2016
Seed Maturity in Four Cool-Season Forage Grasses Berdahl, John D.; Frank, Albert B. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 90, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1998.00021962009000040008x	journal	March 1907
LinkageMapView—rendering high-resolution linkage and QTL maps Ouellette, Lisa A.; Reid, Robert W.; Blanchard, Steven G. Bioinformatics, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btx576	journal	September 2017
Structural evolution of wheat chromosomes 4A, 5A, and 7B and its impact on recombination Devos, K. M.; Dubcovsky, J.; Dvořák, J. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 91, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00220890	journal	July 1995
Natural variation in GS5 plays an important role in regulating grain size and yield in rice Li, Yibo; Fan, Chuchuan; Xing, Yongzhong Nature Genetics, Vol. 43, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.977	journal	October 2011
The Plant Orthology Browser: An Orthology and Gene-Order Visualizer for Plant Comparative Genomics Tulpan, Dan; Leger, Serge The Plant Genome, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2016.08.0078	journal	March 2017
Recurrent Mass Selection for Improved Seed Yields in Intermediate Wheatgrass ¹ Knowles, R. P. Crop Science, Vol. 17, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1977.0011183X001700010015x	journal	January 1977
‘Green revolution’ genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators Peng, Jinrong; Richards, Donald E.; Hartley, Nigel M. Nature, Vol. 400, Issue 6741 https://doi.org/10.1038/22307	journal	July 1999
On the Occurrence of the Haploid, Triploid and Tetraploid Plants in Twin Seedlings of Common Wheat Namikawa, Sigesuke; Kawakami, Jiro Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Vol. 10, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab1912.10.668	journal	January 1934
A QTL for rice grain width and weight encodes a previously unknown RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase Song, Xian-Jun; Huang, Wei; Shi, Min Nature Genetics, Vol. 39, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng2014	journal	April 2007
Progress in breeding perennial grains Cox, T. S.; Van Tassel, D. L.; Cox, C. M. Crop and Pasture Science, Vol. 61, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1071/CP09201	journal	January 2010
NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis Schneider, Caroline A.; Rasband, Wayne S.; Eliceiri, Kevin W. Nature Methods, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089	journal	June 2012
Cytokinin Oxidase Regulates Rice Grain Production Ashikari, M. Science, Vol. 309, Issue 5735 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113373	journal	July 2005
barren inflorescence2 Encodes a Co-Ortholog of the PINOID Serine/Threonine Kinase and Is Required for Organogenesis during Inflorescence and Vegetative Development in Maize McSteen, Paula; Malcomber, Simon; Skirpan, Andrea Plant Physiology, Vol. 144, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.098558	journal	April 2007
Polycomb Group Gene OsFIE2 Regulates Rice (Oryza sativa) Seed Development and Grain Filling via a Mechanism Distinct from Arabidopsis Nallamilli, Babi Ramesh Reddy; Zhang, Jian; Mujahid, Hana PLoS Genetics, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1003322	journal	March 2013
Morphological diversity and genetic regulation of inflorescence abscission zones in grasses Doust, Andrew N.; Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Francis, Amie D. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 101, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.1400186	journal	October 2014
A Novel Multivariate Approach to Phenotyping and Association Mapping of Multi-Locus Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility Reveals S, Z, and Other Loci in a Perennial Ryegrass (Poaceae) Population Thorogood, Daniel; Yates, Steven; Manzanares, Chloé Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 8 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01331	journal	August 2017
The origin of the naked grains of maize Wang, Huai; Nussbaum-Wagler, Tina; Li, Bailin Nature, Vol. 436, Issue 7051 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03863	journal	August 2005
Identifying genetic components controlling fertility in the outcrossing grass species perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne ) by quantitative trait loci analysis and comparative genetics Armstead, I. P.; Turner, L. B.; Marshall, A. H. New Phytologist, Vol. 178, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02413.x	journal	May 2008
Evolution of crop species: genetics of domestication and diversification Meyer, Rachel S.; Purugganan, Michael D. Nature Reviews Genetics, Vol. 14, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg3605	journal	November 2013
HvDep1 Is a Positive Regulator of Culm Elongation and Grain Size in Barley and Impacts Yield in an Environment-Dependent Manner Wendt, Toni; Holme, Inger; Dockter, Christoph PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168924	journal	December 2016
Development and Evolution of an Intermediate Wheatgrass Domestication Program DeHaan, Lee; Christians, Marty; Crain, Jared Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10051499	journal	May 2018
Barley grain with adhering hulls is controlled by an ERF family transcription factor gene regulating a lipid biosynthesis pathway Taketa, S.; Amano, S.; Tsujino, Y. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 105, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0711034105	journal	March 2008
Loss of function of the IAA-glucose hydrolase gene TGW6 enhances rice grain weight and increases yield Ishimaru, Ken; Hirotsu, Naoki; Madoka, Yuka Nature Genetics, Vol. 45, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2612	journal	April 2013
Cool-season grasses produce more total biomass across the growing season than do warm-season grasses when managed with an applied irrigation gradient Robins, Joseph G. Biomass and Bioenergy, Vol. 34, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2009.12.015	journal	April 2010
Establishment and Yield of Perennial Grass Monocultures and Binary Mixtures for Bioenergy in North Dakota Wang, G. -J.; Nyren, P.; Xue, Q. -W. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 106, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj14.0068	journal	September 2014
Molecular Characterization of the Major Wheat Domestication Gene Q Simons, Kristin J.; Fellers, John P.; Trick, Harold N. Genetics, Vol. 172, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1534/genetics.105.044727	journal	September 2005
Seed size is determined by the combinations of the genes controlling different seed characteristics in rice Yan, Song; Zou, Guihua; Li, Sujuan Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 123, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1657-x	journal	July 2011
Arabidopsis SFAR4 is a novel GDSL-type esterase involved in fatty acid degradation and glucose tolerance Huang, Li-Min; Lai, Chia-Ping; Chen, Long-Fang O. Botanical Studies, Vol. 56, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40529-015-0114-6	journal	December 2015
Comparative DNA sequence analysis of mapped wheat ESTs reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat La Rota, Mauricio; Sorrells, Mark E. Functional & Integrative Genomics, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-003-0098-2	journal	January 2004
Development and Testing of Cool-Season Grass Species, Varieties and Hybrids for Biomass Feedstock Production in Western North America Larson, Steven; Pearson, Calvin; Jensen, Kevin Agronomy, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7010003	journal	January 2017
Leymus EST linkage maps identify 4NsL–5NsL reciprocal translocation, wheat-Leymus chromosome introgressions, and functionally important gene loci Larson, Steven R.; Kishii, Masahiro; Tsujimoto, Hisashi Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 124, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-011-1698-1	journal	September 2011
RFLP mapping of five major genes and eight quantitative trait loci controlling flowering time in a winter × spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) cross Laurie, D. A.; Pratchett, N.; Snape, J. W. Genome, Vol. 38, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1139/g95-074	journal	June 1995
Basic local alignment search tool Altschul, Stephen F.; Gish, Warren; Miller, Webb Journal of Molecular Biology, Vol. 215, Issue 3, p. 403-410 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2	journal	October 1990
Major genes determining yield-related traits in wheat and barley Nadolska-Orczyk, Anna; Rajchel, Izabela K.; Orczyk, Wacław Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 130, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-017-2880-x	journal	March 2017
Isolation and initial characterization of GW5, a major QTL associated with rice grain width and weight Weng, Jianfeng; Gu, Suhai; Wan, Xiangyuan Cell Research, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2008.307	journal	November 2008
Constitutive expression of cell wall invertase genes increases grain yield and starch content in maize Li, Bei; Liu, Hua; Zhang, Yue Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 11, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12102	journal	August 2013
Extending the Growing Season: Forage Seed Production and Perennial Grains. Cattani, Doug; Asselin, Sean Robert Canadian Journal of Plant Science https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0212	journal	October 2017
A Pipeline Strategy for Grain Crop Domestication DeHaan, Lee R.; Van Tassel, David L.; Anderson, James A. Crop Science, Vol. 56, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.06.0356	journal	May 2016
Six-rowed barley originated from a mutation in a homeodomain-leucine zipper I-class homeobox gene Komatsuda, T.; Pourkheirandish, M.; He, C. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0608580104	journal	January 2007
A Semidwarf Phenotype of Barley uzu Results from a Nucleotide Substitution in the Gene Encoding a Putative Brassinosteroid Receptor Chono, Makiko; Honda, Ichiro; Zeniya, Haruko Plant Physiology, Vol. 133, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.103.026195	journal	October 2003
Positional cloning of the wheat vernalization gene VRN1 Yan, L.; Loukoianov, A.; Tranquilli, G. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 100, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0937399100	journal	May 2003
The Molecular Genetics of Crop Domestication Doebley, John F.; Gaut, Brandon S.; Smith, Bruce D. Cell, Vol. 127, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.006	journal	December 2006
Genomic targeting and high-resolution mapping of the domestication gene Q in wheat Faris, Justin D.; Gill, Bikram S. Genome, Vol. 45, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1139/g02-036	journal	August 2002
Natural variation at the DEP1 locus enhances grain yield in rice Huang, Xianzhong; Qian, Qian; Liu, Zhengbin Nature Genetics, Vol. 41, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.352	journal	March 2009
Down-regulation of Glucan, Water-Dikinase activity in wheat endosperm increases vegetative biomass and yield: Increasing wheat biomass by down-regulating GWD Ral, Jean-Philippe; Bowerman, Andrew F.; Li, Zhongyi Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2012.00711.x	journal	June 2012
Lipase genes expressed in rice bran: LOC_Os11g43510 encodes a novel rice lipase Tiwari, Gopal Ji; Chiang, May Ying; De Silva, Jeremy Ryan Journal of Cereal Science, Vol. 71 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2016.07.008	journal	September 2016
Control of grain size, shape and quality by OsSPL16 in rice Wang, Shaokui; Wu, Kun; Yuan, Qingbo Nature Genetics, Vol. 44, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.2327	journal	June 2012
Pleiotropic effects of the sdw1 locus in barley populations representing different rounds of recombination Kuczyńska, Anetta; Mikołajczak, Krzysztof; Ćwiek, Hanna Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 17, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.07.005	journal	September 2014
Evolution of the Grain Dispersal System in Barley Pourkheirandish, Mohammad; Hensel, Goetz; Kilian, Benjamin Cell, Vol. 162, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.07.002	journal	July 2015
Fine-scale comparative genetic and physical mapping supports map-based cloning strategies for the self-incompatibility loci of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) Shinozuka, Hiroshi; Cogan, Noel O. I.; Smith, Kevin F. Plant Molecular Biology, Vol. 72, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-009-9574-y	journal	November 2009
Mode of Pollination of Perennial Species of the Triticeae in Relation to Genomically Defined Genera Jensen, K. B.; Dewey, D. R.; Zhang, Y. F. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, Vol. 70, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps90-024	journal	January 1990
A Gene Encoding a DUF247 Domain Protein Cosegregates with the S Self-Incompatibility Locus in Perennial Ryegrass Manzanares, Chloé; Barth, Susanne; Thorogood, Daniel Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 33, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msv335	journal	December 2015
Variation in the interaction between alleles of HvAPETALA2 and microRNA172 determines the density of grains on the barley inflorescence Houston, K.; McKim, S. M.; Comadran, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1311681110	journal	September 2013
New insights into the history of rice domestication Kovach, Michael J.; Sweeney, Megan T.; McCouch, Susan R. Trends in Genetics, Vol. 23, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2007.08.012	journal	November 2007
A Gossypium hirsutum GDSL lipase/hydrolase gene (GhGLIP) appears to be involved in promoting seed growth in Arabidopsis Ma, Rendi; Yuan, Hali; An, Jing PLOS ONE, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0195556	journal	April 2018
OsGRF4 controls grain shape, panicle length and seed shattering in rice: Control of panicle traits by OsGRF4 Sun, Pingyong; Zhang, Wuhan; Wang, Yihua Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, Vol. 58, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1111/jipb.12473	journal	June 2016
Perennial Cereals Provide Ecosystem Benefits DeHaan, L. R.; Ismail, B. P. Cereal Foods World, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1094/CFW-62-6-0278	journal	November 2017
Association Mapping of Grain Weight, Length and Width in Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Breeding Germplasm [English] Lai, Yunping International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Vol. 19, Issue 05 https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.0406	journal	October 2017
Prospects for Developing Perennial Grain Crops Cox, Thomas S.; Glover, Jerry D.; Van Tassel, David L. BioScience, Vol. 56, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[649:PFDPGC]2.0.CO;2	journal	January 2006
Contrasting Patterns in Crop Domestication and Domestication Rates: Recent Archaeobotanical Insights from the Old World Fuller, D. Q. Annals of Botany, Vol. 100, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcm048	journal	July 2007
GA-20 oxidase as a candidate for the semidwarf gene sdw1/denso in barley Jia, Qiaojun; Zhang, Jingjuan; Westcott, Sharon Functional & Integrative Genomics, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-009-0120-4	journal	March 2009
Quantification of amylose, amylopectin, and Î²-glucan in search for genes controlling the three major quality traits in barley by genome-wide association studies Shu, Xiaoli; Rasmussen, SÃ¸ren K. Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 5 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00197	journal	May 2014
Approaching the self-incompatibility locus Z in rye (Secale cereale L.) via comparative genetics Hackauf, B.; Wehling, P. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 110, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-004-1869-4	journal	February 2005
Establishment of a 100-seed weight quantitative trait locus–allele matrix of the germplasm population for optimal recombination design in soybean breeding programmes Zhang, Yinghu; He, Jianbo; Wang, Yufeng Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol. 66, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erv342	journal	July 2015
The phytochrome gene family in grasses (Poaceae): a phylogeny and evidence that grasses have a subset of the loci found in dicot angiosperms Mathews, S.; Sharrock, R. A. Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol. 13, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025677	journal	October 1996
TaCKX6-D1, the ortholog of rice OsCKX2, is associated with grain weight in hexaploid wheat Zhang, Lei; Zhao, Yong-Liang; Gao, Li-Feng New Phytologist, Vol. 195, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04194.x	journal	June 2012
Production and Molecular Cytogenetic Characterization of a Durum Wheat-*Thinopyrum elongatum* 7E Disomic Addition Line with Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight Liu, Huiping; Dai, Yi; Chi, Dawn Cytogenetic and Genome Research, Vol. 153, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1159/000486382	journal	January 2017
Overexpression of Sinapine Esterase BnSCE3 in Oilseed Rape Seeds Triggers Global Changes in Seed Metabolism Clauß, Kathleen; von Roepenack-Lahaye, Edda; Böttcher, Christoph Plant Physiology, Vol. 155, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.110.169821	journal	January 2011
Fine mapping and syntenic integration of the semi-dwarfing gene sdw3 of barley Vu, Giang T. H.; Wicker, Thomas; Buchmann, Jan P. Functional & Integrative Genomics, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-010-0173-4	journal	May 2010
Genetic Dissection of Seed Production Traits and Identification of a Major-Effect Seed Retention QTL in Hybrid Leymus (Triticeae) Wildryes Larson, Steven R.; Kellogg, Elizabeth A. Crop Science, Vol. 49, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2008.05.0277	journal	January 2009
Uncovering the Genetic Architecture of Seed Weight and Size in Intermediate Wheatgrass through Linkage and Association Mapping Zhang, Xiaofei; Larson, Steven R.; Gao, Liangliang The Plant Genome, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3835/plantgenome2017.03.0022	journal	November 2017
Cloning and Characterization of TaTGW-7A Gene Associated with Grain Weight in Wheat via SLAF-seq-BSA Hu, Ming-Jian; Zhang, Hai-Ping; Liu, Kai Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.01902	journal	December 2016
Progress towards elucidating the mechanisms of self-incompatibility in the grasses: further insights from studies in Lolium Klaas, Manfred; Yang, Bicheng; Bosch, Maurice Annals of Botany, Vol. 108, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcr186	journal	July 2011
Precise identification of wheat – Thinopyrum intermedium translocation chromosomes carrying resistance to wheat stripe rust in line Z4 and its derived progenies Lang, Tao; La, Shixiao; Li, Bin Genome, Vol. 61, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2017-0229	journal	March 2018
Introduction of Thinopyrum intermedium ssp. trichophorum chromosomes to wheat by trigeneric hybridization involving Triticum, Secale and Thinopyrum genera Li, Jianbo; Lang, Tao; Li, Bin Planta, Vol. 245, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2669-9	journal	March 2017
The role of barren stalk1 in the architecture of maize Gallavotti, Andrea; Zhao, Qiong; Kyozuka, Junko Nature, Vol. 432, Issue 7017 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature03148	journal	December 2004
TaGS5-3A, a grain size gene selected during wheat improvement for larger kernel and yield Ma, Lin; Li, Tian; Hao, Chenyang Plant Biotechnology Journal, Vol. 14, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.12492	journal	October 2015
Rare allele of OsPPKL1 associated with grain length causes extra-large grain and a significant yield increase in rice Zhang, X.; Wang, J.; Huang, J. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 109, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219776110	journal	December 2012
Registration of ‘Haymaker’ Intermediate Wheatgrass Vogel, K. P.; Tober, D.; Reece, P. E. Crop Science, Vol. 45, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2005.0415	journal	January 2005
Copy number variation at the GL7 locus contributes to grain size diversity in rice Wang, Yuexing; Xiong, Guosheng; Hu, Jiang Nature Genetics, Vol. 47, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3346	journal	July 2015
Multiple genetic pathways for seed shattering in the grasses Li, Wanlong; Gill, Bikram S. Functional & Integrative Genomics, Vol. 6, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-005-0015-y	journal	January 2006
Selecting Resistance to Bipolaris sorokiniana and Fusarium graminearum in Intermediate Wheatgrass Krupinsky, J. M.; Berdahl, J. D. Plant Disease, Vol. 84, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.12.1299	journal	December 2000
Fine mapping a domestication-related QTL for spike-related traits in a synthetic wheat Wang, Jin; Liao, Xiangzheng; Li, Yulian Genome, Vol. 53, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1139/g10-066	journal	October 2010
Deletion in a gene associated with grain size increased yields during rice domestication Shomura, Ayahiko; Izawa, Takeshi; Ebana, Kaworu Nature Genetics, Vol. 40, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.169	journal	July 2008
The Wheat VRN2 Gene Is a Flowering Repressor Down-Regulated by Vernalization Yan, L. Science, Vol. 303, Issue 5664 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1094305	journal	March 2004
Plant domestication versus crop evolution: a conceptual framework for cereals and grain legumes Abbo, Shahal; Pinhasi van-Oss, Ruth; Gopher, Avi Trends in Plant Science, Vol. 19, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2013.12.002	journal	June 2014
Cool-Season Grass Biomass in the Southern Mixed-Grass Prairie Region of the USA Harmoney, K. R. BioEnergy Research, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-014-9514-9	journal	August 2014
Identification of a Xylogalacturonan Xylosyltransferase Involved in Pectin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Jensen, J. K.; Sorensen, S. O.; Harholt, J. The Plant Cell, Vol. 20, Issue 5, p. 1289-1302 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.107.050906	journal	May 2008
Biomass and seed yields of big bluestem, switchgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass in response to manure and harvest timing at two topographic positions Lee, Dokyoung; Owens, Vance N.; Boe, Arvid GCB Bioenergy, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2009.01008.x	journal	April 2009
The Performance of Early-Generation Perennial Winter Cereals at 21 Sites across Four Continents Hayes, Richard; Wang, Shuwen; Newell, Matthew Sustainability, Vol. 10, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041124	journal	April 2018
The wheat (T. aestivum) sucrose synthase 2 gene (TaSus2) active in endosperm development is associated with yield traits Jiang, Qiyan; Hou, Jian; Hao, Chenyang Functional & Integrative Genomics, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-010-0188-x	journal	September 2010
A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals Zadoks, J. C.; Chang, T. T.; Konzak, C. F. Weed Research, Vol. 14, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x	journal	December 1974
Dual-purpose cropping – capitalising on potential grain crop grazing to enhance mixed-farming profitability Bell, Lindsay W.; Harrison, Matthew T.; Kirkegaard, John A. Crop and Pasture Science, Vol. 66, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1071/CPv66n4_FO	journal	January 2015
Molecular mechanisms involved in convergent crop domestication Lenser, Teresa; Theißen, Günter Trends in Plant Science, Vol. 18, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.007	journal	December 2013
Fine mapping of a kernel length-related gene with potential value for maize breeding Gong, Dianming; Tan, Zengdong; Zhao, Hailiang Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 134, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03749-z	journal	January 2021
Six-rowed spike4 (Vrs4) controls spikelet determinacy and row-type in barley Koppolu, R.; Anwar, N.; Sakuma, S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 110, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1221950110	journal	July 2013
Breeding Perennial Grain Crops Based on Wheat Curwen-McAdams, Colin; Jones, Stephen S. Crop Science, Vol. 57, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2016.10.0869	journal	May 2017
Identification and development of a functional marker of TaGW2 associated with grain weight in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Su, Zhenqi; Hao, Chenyang; Wang, Lanfen Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 122, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1437-z	journal	September 2010
Managing for Multifunctionality in Perennial Grain Crops Ryan, Matthew R.; Crews, Timothy E.; Culman, Steven W. BioScience, Vol. 68, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biy014	journal	March 2018
A Genetic Framework for Grain Size and Shape Variation in Wheat Gegas, Vasilis C.; Nazari, Aida; Griffiths, Simon The Plant Cell, Vol. 22, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.110.074153	journal	April 2010
The Vrn-H2 locus is a major determinant of flowering time in a facultative × winter growth habit barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mapping population Karsai, I.; Szűcs, P.; Mészáros, K. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 110, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-005-1979-7	journal	April 2005
Domestication and plant genomes Tang, Haibao; Sezen, Uzay; Paterson, Andrew H. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Vol. 13, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2009.10.008	journal	April 2010
Intermediate Wheatgrass Grain and Forage Yield Responses to Nitrogen Fertilization Jungers, Jacob M.; DeHaan, Lee R.; Betts, Kevin J. Agronomy Journal, Vol. 109, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2016.07.0438	journal	March 2017
Selection of a perennial grain for seed productivity across years: Intermediate wheatgrass as a test species. Cattani, Doug Canadian Journal of Plant Science https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2016-0280	journal	December 2016
Development of the first consensus genetic map of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) using genotyping-by-sequencing Kantarski, Traci; Larson, Steve; Zhang, Xiaofei Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Vol. 130, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-016-2799-7	journal	October 2016
Variability in biomass yield, chemical composition, and ethanol potential of individual and mixed herbaceous biomass species grown in North Dakota Monono, Ewumbua M.; Nyren, Paul E.; Berti, Marisol T. Industrial Crops and Products, Vol. 41 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.04.051	journal	January 2013
Seed abscission and fruit dehiscence required for seed dispersal rely on similar genetic networks Balanzà, Vicente; Roig-Villanova, Irma; Di Marzo, Maurizio Development, Vol. 143, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.135202	journal	August 2016
A Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Contig Spanning the Major Domestication Locus Q in Wheat and Identification of a Candidate Gene Faris, Justin D.; Fellers, John P.; Brooks, Steven A. Genetics, Vol. 164, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.1.311	journal	May 2003

Cited By (2)

Enhancing Crop Domestication Through Genomic Selection, a Case Study of Intermediate Wheatgrass Crain, Jared; Bajgain, Prabin; Anderson, James Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00319	journal	March 2020
Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for Forage Traits in Intermediate Wheatgrass When Grown as Spaced-Plants versus Monoculture and Polyculture Swards Mortenson, John S.; Waldron, Blair L.; Larson, Steve R. Agronomy, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9100580	journal	September 2019